国家审计服务国家治理的理论分析与实现路径探讨——基于受托经济责任观的视角

国家治理是当今世界的重要议题。建立科学合理的治理结构和运用适当的治理机制以保证和促进国家治理目标的实现,已成为公共受托经济责任的重要内容。作为国家治理的重要组成部分,国家审计理应充分发挥审计功能,服务国家治理。本文基于受托经济责任观,在深入分析受托经济责任与国家审计以及受托经济责任与国家治理相互关系的基础上,从构建全新的公共受托经济责任报告体系,创新国家/政府审计对象载体;建立健全绩效管理制度、全面推进政府绩效审计;推进责任政府建立,进一步深化经济责任审计;构建并实施治理导向审计模式以及权力导向审计模式五个方面深入探讨了国家审计服务国家治理的实现路径。     

公司治理现代化进程中的商业银行内部经济责任审计:困境与出路

本文从完善公司治理的角度,在剖析内部经济责任审计对商业银行公司治理现代化意义的基础上,审视内部经济责任审计在促进商业银行公司治理现代化中面临的困境,思考内部经济责任审计发挥应有作用的破局之道,并从方法论的视角,探讨了某商业银行在开展内部经济责任审计、促进公司治理现代化方面的有益探索,较为系统地解答了“如何以高质量经济责任审计服务于商业银行高质量发展,推进商业银行公司治理体系和治理能力现代化”这一命题。     

也辩国家审计——与杨肃昌教授商榷

本文认为我国的国家审计制度不是因"修宪"需要而建立的,国家审计的理论不应该建立在西方现代审计学基础上,"国家审计是国家治理的重要组成部分"是目前对国家审计本质最科学的认识,审计工作报告由政府提交人大常委会审议并无不妥,审计体制改革并没有那么迫切,经济责任审计将成为未来国家审计的主战场。     

论内部审计的治理功能及其发挥

公司治理的"内部人控制"问题催生了内部审计治理功能的产生,内部审计成为公司治理的一个必要组成部分,是确保受托责任履行的一种内部治理机制。内部审计的治理功能既可以通过对公司治理程序的评价直接发挥,也可以通过对企业风险管理和内部控制的评价向治理层报告间接发挥。     

基于公司治理导向的内部审计思考

PREFACE/前言经历了安然、世通等公司的财务丑闻后,在《萨班斯——奥克斯利法案》的推动下,内部审计正日益成为公司有效治理的基石之一。受托责任是公司治理和内部审计共同的理论基础,具体而言内部审计是确保受托经济责任履行的保障,而公司治理则是内部审计运行的制度环境。     

公司治理视角下经济责任审计的特点、问题和对策研究

经济责任审计是完善公司治理的有效手段。公司治理视角下经济责任审计通过完善组织内部制度,落实经济责任追究,健全信息披露管理,协调各方均衡发展,塑造先进企业文化,强化经济责任审计在公司治理中的作用。     

内部审计在促进公司治理层面受托责任履行中的作用

受托责任既是公司治理的理论基础,也是内部审计的理论基础,受托责任的全面有效履行是反映公司治理有效性的重要标志.本文分析了内部审计对促进公司治理层面受托责任履行的作用,提出了发挥这种作用的主要措施.     

基于受托责任视角的公司治理与内部审计关系研究

公司治理改革浪潮将内部审计推向了前沿,使其成为时代宠儿。内部审计的触角正逐步深入治理领域,学者们理应探究:内部审计在公司治理中如何发挥作用。从IIA的界定来看,内部审计要评价和改善治理程序,同时内部审计又是公司治理的基本主体之一。公司治理是受托责任系统的一种控     

试论经济责任审计风险的风险及防范

开展经济责任审计是加强干部管理和监督的重要环节,也是促进领导干部勤政廉政、预防和治理腐败的重要举措。随着社会主义市场经济的发展和审计环境的日益复杂,经济责任审计中的风险也成为一个无法回避和忽视的问题。本文分析了经济责任审计风险形成的原因,并就防范和控制经济责任审计风险提出了自己的几点建议。     

绩效审计在推动完善国家治理中的作用分析

国家治理是国家最高权威通过行政、立法和司法机关以及国家与地方之间的权力配置和运用以控制、管理、协调和服务社会的过程,分权和问责是国家治理的基本要素,绩效管理是国家治理的基本模式。绩效审计是根据国家治理的绩效管理需要而产生的,其基本目标是推进和完善国家治理,提高公共资源使用和管理的有效性。本文从国家治理和绩效审计的本质属性及其内在联系出发,分别从公共受托责任和政府绩效管理两个层面阐释了绩效审计推动完善国家治理的理论依据,根据国家治理需要着力探讨了绩效审计在推动完善国家治理中的积极作用,并对其实现路径进行了深入分析。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.