大城市居住房地产区位演变趋势探讨

近来，在我国大城市中居住房地产区位出现了由中心区向郊区演变的趋势，本文从制度、经济、技术、自然等方面分析了其产生的原因，指出了这一趋势中存在配套公用设施滞后、开发用地与农业用地矛盾突出、布局分散、开发结构失衡等问题，并提出了有关对策。     

Spatial Organization of Marketing Facilities in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Oilseeds in Sudan

Little attention has been devoted to the study of spatial organization of marketing facilities in developing countries, even though such studies would be most useful for a wide range of marketing problems. The results of such studies could be valuable to private and public decision-makers in developing countries whose policies and decisions determine the number, size and location of marketing facilities. The spatial organization model developed in this paper for application to the oilseeds industry in Sudan demonstrates the relevance of this research technique for developing country studies of marketing facilities. A linear programming transshipment model is utilized to determine the optimal spatial organization of oilseeds in Sudan when the costs of oilseed assembly, processing and distribution of oil and cake to final destinations are considered simultaneously. The optimal spatial organization of oilseed processing plants was determined for six alternative solutions. Model results indicate that the optimal organization of processing plants would be obtained with fewer and larger plants, resulting in lower transportation costs.     

Perceptional differences in the factors of local acceptance of spent nuclear fuel repositories

In the process of land use planning, massive social costs are incurred as various conflicts arise due to the location of locally unwanted land-use (LULU) such as spent nuclear fuel repositories. The factors affecting local acceptance of such facilities may vary according to individuals’ perceptional differences. This study aims to examine the differences in factors affecting local acceptance in regards to residents’ risk perception of spent nuclear fuel repositories. To do so, Q methodology was adopted. Three perceptional types—safety concerns-government distrust (type 1), safety trust-government trust (type 2), and safety concerns-conflict avoidance (type 3)—were identified and the differences in local acceptance factors among these types were verified via path analysis. The results showed that risk perception had the highest influence on local acceptance for types 1 and 3, whereas economic feasibility had the greatest influence for type 2. The methodology and results of this study may contribute to developing a policy on siting LULU facilities in consideration of local acceptance and the risk perception of residents.     

Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania

We examine the implications of health-seeking behavior on access to quality health care using a unique dataset that combines a household survey from rural Tanzania with the location and quality of all health facilities available to households. Patients do not always visit the nearest facility, but choose from among multiple facilities, improving the quality of care they receive by bypassing low quality facilities. Recognizing this behavior alters the projected benefits to health interventions, reducing the value of focusing on the staff qualifications and increasing the value of focusing on travel time and the motivation of current staff.     

芜湖市区位资源开发与可持续发展

一个城市的区位作为一种资源往往对其发展起着很重要的作用，阐述了芜湖市区位资源开发，认为要立足长远，将芫湖建成区域经济中心，发展大产业，为保证经济可持续发展，要做好中转通道，留住过往商机，突出主导产业，发展新兴产业，搞好城市规划与形象建设，健全社会保障体系，加大交通设施改造力度。     

南阳旅游资源持续开发利用研究

分析了南阳地区旅游资源的特征、开发现状及存在问题，并在旅游客源市场定位、资源开发格局、基础设施建设、人才培养、小商品开发、投融资机制、产品宣传促销以及与周边地区协作开发旅游资源等方面提出了对策。     

宾西林场森林旅游的发展方向

介绍国内外森林旅游发展概况,在分析宾西林场区位条件、自然资源、设施建设等基础上,从指导思想、发展目标、体系构成、项目构成、发展机制等方面入手,规划宾西林场森林旅游发展思路,为黑龙江省森林旅游经济的发展提供样板和经验。     

贫困地区农村公共设施对宅基地退出行为的影响基于农户分化的调节效应

[目的]探究贫困地区农村公共设施对农户宅基地退出行为影响,对深化不同区域宅基地制度改革、进一步完善农村公共设施建设等具有重要理论价值和现实意义。[方法]文章基于国家33个农村土地改革试点地区中唯一国家级贫困县安徽金寨县608户农户微观数据,构建农村公共设施指标体系,测算农村公共设施指数,并运用二元Logit模型,实证检验了农村公共设施、农户分化对贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响。[结果]贫困地区农村公共设施越不完善,农户宅基地退出概率越大,且公共设施中道路交通设施、医疗设施、生产与生活设施均对农户宅基地退出行为影响显著,而教育设施影响不显著;农户分化对农村公共设施影响农户宅基地退出行为具有调节作用,农业经营增强了农村公共设施对宅基地退出行为的负向影响。[结论]为推进经济发展水平落后地区宅基地制度改革,解决农村居民住房保障问题,应针对不同类型农户实施差别化宅基地退出政策,兴建农村集中安置区并加强其公共设施建设。     

农村集体经营性建设用地价格影响因素的实证分析*——基于江西省余江县179份交易案例

[目的]确定农村集体商服用地、工业用地价格的影响因素,为科学评估农村集体经营性建设用地地价、构建城乡统一建设用地市场提供参考。[方法]利用全国农村土地使用制度改革试点之一的江西省余江县179个交易案例,运用特征价格模型分析农村集体商服用地、工业用地价格的影响因素及各类因素的贡献率。[结果](1)农村集体商服用地价格的主要影响因素依次为乡镇财政收入、人均纯收入、到客运站距离、到国道的距离、教育设施;农村集体工业用地价格的主要影响因素依次为人均纯收入、人均农村居民点面积、到客运站的距离、到国道的距离。(2)社会经济因素、区位交通因素和公共设施因素对集体商服用地价格的贡献度分别为69. 0%、20. 4%和10. 6%;社会经济因素和区位交通因素对集体工业用地价格的贡献度分别为52. 8%和47. 2%。[结论]总体上与国有城镇建设用地价格存在共性规律,但存在部分因素与国有建设用地价格规律存在差异,农村集体经营性建设用地估价不宜完全套用城镇建设用地的思路。     

基于社会资本视角激励农户合作供给小型水利设施的政策建议

以农村社区小型水利设施为研究对象,分析小型水利设施合作供给中现存的精英农户难以形成、异质性农户需求难以协商、供给效率低下等问题,从社会资本角度阐释了小型水利设施合作建设过程中合作发起和组织运行农户行为响应机理,提出加强社会资本建设和培育、培育和发展农村精英农户队伍、构建合理的成本分担和利益分配机制、强化社区环境建设等相关政策建议。     

广东省汕头市南澳渔港经济区发展研究

通过对广东省汕头市南澳渔港经济区的发展基础调查分析,认为当前南澳云澳渔港经济区建设发展存在海洋渔业资源衰退、海产品加工粗放、渔港配套设施不健全、休闲渔业开发程度不高、环境和资源遭到破坏等问题,针对上述问题提出调整渔业产业结构、发展水产品精深加工、加强渔港配套设施建设、推进休闲渔业转型升级、扶持海洋新兴产业、加大财政金融政策扶持等政策建议。     

林木种苗的现状与今后发展的思考——以山西忻州为例

近年来,苗木市场的火热与苗木品质的低下并存,逐渐成为造林绿化、生态建设的突出矛盾。通过对山西省忻州市苗木市场的分析,认为主要存在重数量、轻质量,苗木结构与实际需要不符,圃地选择不当,圃地设施陈旧、缺乏前瞻等问题,分析了其原因,提出了加强苗圃建设和育苗管理的具体措施。     

Recruiting Agricultural Economics Graduate Students: Student Demand for Program Attributes

We use data from an Internet and traditional print mail survey to determine student demand for graduate program attributes. Results reveal that students value graduate program ranking more than stipend level, geographic location, or office/computer facilities. Higher ranked programs, as a whole, may be able to offer substantially lower stipends to students and remain competitive with lower ranked programs. Results also suggest that students might be willing to accept higher stipends or office space to attend lower ranked schools. The results may provide graduate program leaders with information to improve their recruitment efforts and/or potentially reduce graduate program expenditures.     

Wind power planning,landscapes and publics

Renewable energy is currently undergoing a renaissance. Efforts to achieve national targets that have announced forward invariably impact on the appearance of the physical landscape, and raise issues of spatial planning. Proponents of renewable energy—sometimes, planners themselves—have often taken the support of environmental NGOs and the wider public for granted, as they perceive renewable energy facilities to be ‘clean’, ‘green’ and a continuation of traditional technologies such as wind and water mills. But whilst large sections of the population in developed countries are indeed in principle in favour of renewables, in practice proposed facilities have often given rise to considerable public concerns.     

Decision making for urban solid waste treatment in the context of territorial conflict: Can the Analytic Network Process help?

There are a number of factors that affect decisions concerning the so-called undesirable facilities such as waste treatment technologies or landfills. These include social opposition and the need for a huge number of social, economic and environmental data to be taken into account. In Italy (as in many other developed nations) any decision to draft a plan or to define the choice of location for an undesirable service requires an immense amount of discussion, negotiation and organization. This usually occurs in open public debates organized by the local Administration. Another obstacle to the government of the territory is transaction costs which are growing out of proportion. In a situation of high institutional and social fragmentation, the power of veto is in fact multiplied.This paper reflects on the potential of the MCDA to help Decision Makers with particular reference to the involvement of the stakeholders, which face and disclose all the elements stopping or affecting the choice. The case study presented concerns the current debate about the best choice for the treatment of municipal solid waste in the Aosta Valley region, a small independent region in the North-West Italy. The Analytic Network Process is applied in order to rank three alternative technologies for waste treatment (namely mechanical biological treatment, incineration – direct combustion – and gasification) and to identify the priority ranking between the elements under examination (namely environmental, social, economic and technological aspects).     

L’Évaluation économique de l'investissement dans la conservation des sols: Le cas des aménagements antiérosifs dans le bassin versant du lac Lagdo au Cameroun

This article presents an analysis of the economic impact of erosion control facilities on farm operations in the watershed of Lake Lagdo in Cameroon. Over the past several decades, erosion control facilities, which are erosion control techniques, have been introduced in Cameroon. No assessment of the impacts of these on farm operations had yet been made. Drawing on data from a survey carried out in 2007 and 2008 and a switching regression model, the study concentrates on the effectiveness of the production factors of parcels of land with and without erosion control facilities. The comparison of the average crop yields of the operations in our sample that either adopted or did not adopt such facilities shows a significant difference, representing up to 10% of the value of the farm production. Proof of a positive selection bias is also found, indicating that the farms with above‐average crop yields are more likely to adopt erosion control facilities. Such facilities on the parcels of land also provide an advantage in terms of increasing the productivity of inputs. The analytical approach developed and the positive conclusion of the selection bias can be pertinent to assessing other soil conservation technologies promoted in the area.     

创新工程管理机制 确保工程健康运行——关于青海天保工程的思考

介绍了青海省实施天然林保护工程概况与森林管护、公益林建设项目改革做法,并对健全组织机构、明确管护责任、强化保障机制、加强管护设施建设、推进后续产业发展等8方面成效进行了分析。     

村落生产生活生态空间重构的共生路径研究——基于农户间共生界面的分析

[目的]村落三生空间重构是强化"山水林田湖草"生命共生体,实现美丽乡村建设的重要抓手。在三生空间农户共生界面特征及其存在的关键问题辨析的基础上,通过村落三生空间重构的共生路径设计,为统筹城乡发展、"以人为本"的美丽乡村建设提供可靠的理论支撑和决策参考。[方法]研究采用实地调研和农户访谈的方法获取第一手资料,并结合共生界面的属性特征建立指标体系,采用共生界面系数公式量化分析共生界面特征,总结提炼三生空间重构的共生路径。[结果]共生界面分配特性:生产空间不同类型农户间共生界面分配系数差异较大,共生关系相对不稳定;生活空间不同类型农户间共生界面分配系数差异明显,共生关系相对稳定;生态空间不同类型农户的共生界面分配系数接近,共生关系极不稳定。共生界面阻尼特性:生产空间共生界面(如劳动力、资金、技术管理等)投入、使用成本最高;生活空间共生界面(如公共空间、社区服务设施等)修复、管理成本高;生态空间共生界面(如绿化树、花坛、卫生与景观维护设施等)投入、管护、更新阻力大,成本高。[结论]三生空间重构共生路径呈现差异化特征,生产空间重构应积极培养新型职业农民队伍,加强基建配套及其管护力度,创新人地共生机制;生活空间重构应规范引导农户适度集中,完善公共服务和环境保护设施配套,改善农村社区人居环境质量;生态空间重构应统筹三生空间整体性,构建生态安全格局,提升生态景观服务功能。     

吉林省西部半干旱区玉米节水高产高效研究

吉林省西部半干旱区在乾安和前郭县选用15hm2耕地采用滴灌灌溉、地膜覆盖、大垄双行、高产品种、合理施肥等一系列综合配套技术,变雨养农业为雨养农业和设施农业相结合的现代农业,达到了节水、高产、高效的目的。     

低碳旅游视角下的农村生态旅游发展路径研究

[目的]分析低碳旅游和生态旅游的契合点,试图找出低碳旅游视角下的农村生态旅游的出路。[方法]文章通过对低碳旅游和生态旅游的契合分析,从低碳视角下反应农村生态旅游发展的瓶颈。[结果]缺少低碳性旅游消费,低碳旅游产品较少,旅游设施尚未低碳性及缺乏以政府为主导的低碳生态游的规划等问题。提出重构低碳旅游消费链,挖掘低碳消费的非物质内涵,加强低碳理念的宣传与实践,相关科研院校、企事业单位进行低碳技术和设施的研发等4个方面的建议指导意见。[结论]在低碳视角下发展农村生态旅游应从政府、技术、公众意识及旅游消费等多方面着手,结合当地的生态环境带动旅游业的可持续发展。