Neuroeconomics as a Natural Extension of Bioeconomics: The Shifting Scope of Standard Economic Theory

Synopsis Neuroeconomics rightly has been claimed to be a natural extension of bioeconomics. One of the things bioeconomics investigates is what behavioral dispositions and what behavioral patterns evolutionary processes have produced. Neuroeconomics extends this to the study of evolved mechanisms that are at work in decision-making at the neural level of the brain. The paper argues that in another respect neuroeconomics and bioeconomics are discontinuous, however. Bioeconomics maintains that the applicability of standard economic theory’s constrained maximization framework is not confined to human behavior. The constrained maximization framework is believed to be suitable to describe behavior throughout the animal kingdom. By contrast, despite some minor internal disagreements all neuroeconomists seem to agree that human behavior is predicted poorly by standard economic theory in several social and economic situations. Neuroscience is believed to hold out the hope of an advanced understanding of when and why this is the case.      

公司创业理论的演化背景及其理论综述

20世纪90年代以来，在国际化和强调创新的新竞争环境中，公司创业理论已经成为战略管理研究和创业学研究的前沿课题之一，也是公司实践中的热点话题。但众多复杂的原因使公司创业理论的研究形成了异常庞杂的体系、流派、甚至相互冲突的观点，这往往使涉足该领域的研究者们望而却步。本文分析总结了公司创业理论的演化背景，从公司创业的研究范畴、定义、研究内容、研究范式等方面梳理、总结了公司创业理论的发展脉络与最新研究现状，以期有助于我国公司创业理论的研究。     

The Bioeconomics of Marine Reserves: A Selected Review with Policy Implications

The paper ‘bridges the divide’ between the biological and economic literature on marine reserves. It provides a selected review of the traditional use of reserves, the early reserve literature, the potential benefits of reserves, spillovers from reserves to harvested areas and bioeconomic models of marine reserves. The bioeconomics literature is examined from the perspectives of deterministic models, spatial economic models and models that include uncertainty and stochasticity. Insights from the review are used to provide management implications in terms of reserve design, stakeholder cooperation and process, reserve-fishery transfers, traditional management controls, and ecosystem approaches to managing fisheries.     

国内经济增长问题研究回顾与思考

改革开放以来,国内学者从多种视角研究经济增长问题,并取得很多有意义的研究成果。本文从经济增长源泉和动力、FDI与经济增长、金融发展与经济增长关系等方面对国内经济增长问题研究进行回顾和述评,并对目前经济增长理论中尚未达成共识的问题提出探索思路。     

我国保险生态理论演进及相关研究述评

保险生态理论尝试从生态学的原理和角度剖析保险行业发展的本质特征和自然规律,打开了保险研究的新视野。对我国保险生态的理论根源和演进路径进行系统梳理发现,生态经济学为保险生态从生态学的视角研究保险经济系统提供了研究依据和研究基础;保险生态理论的产生是我国构建和谐社会的现代经济发展阶段下保险可持续发展的内生需求;而人们对保险功能认识的不断深化为保险生态理论在保险系统与外部环境系统的结构关系上的拓展提供了宽阔思路和实践依据,奠定了保险生态理论的研究平台。     

中国农民合作经济组织理论研究评析

近年来,学术界对于农民合作经济组织给予了较多关注,取得了不少有价值的研究成果。从农民合作经济组织的界定、存在的必然性、发展状况以及制度安排等方面,对现有的研究作认真梳理,为进一步探讨农民合作经济组织提供参考和思路。     

企业知识传导研究的理论演进及评述

在分析了企业竞争优势源泉研究的演化进程基础上，分别从知识不能被传导和知识作为公共品可以零成本传导．以及知识可以传导但存在相关的障碍3个方面探讨了知识传导研究的演进过程，从而指出，企业知识和能力的传导和整合才是企业竞争优势源泉的关键。     

政府经济干预理论与管理行为的演进

不同的经济学理论研究了政府与市场经济活动的关系,相应地,也假定选择了政府在对市场经济活动进行管理时的不同的行为角色,它逐步促成了保障政府经济管理行为实现有效性的两个最基本的理论命题,主导着政府经济干预或管理行为向适度化、科学化、系统化方向演进。     

西方组织战略理论的演进与述评

组织战略理论从20世纪60年代以来，经历了3个阶段，分别是：以组织结构为基础的组织战略理论、以产业环境为基础的竞争战略理论以及目前研究的比较热门的能力理论。其理论分析的视角分别是组织内部、组织外部，而后又重新回到组织内部。而能力理论中存在的最大缺陷一一能力惯性，据此提出动态能力理论，其研究视角是一个较新的视角：结合组织内外两方面，最后针对动态能力理论的未来研究提出了展望。     

The Law and Bioeconomics of Ethnic Cooperation and Conflict in Plural Societies of Southeast Asia: a Theory of Chinese Merchant Success

Overseas Chinese dominate merchant roles in the economies of Southeast Asia. Chinese merchant success has generated envy and hatred by indigenous populations, resulting in episodes of racial violence toward the Chinese. In order to understand the economic basis of inter-ethnic conflict and violence, it is necessary to understand the economic basis of success of Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia. The paper presents an economic theory of Chinese middleman success. Central to the theory is the idea that the Confucian code of ethics which emphasize the importance of mutual aid/reciprocity among kinsmen, fellow-villagers and those speaking the same dialect, enabled the Chinese to cooperate among members of their own dialect group to form a club-like ethnically homogeneous middleman group (EHMG) for the provision of infrastructure, essential for middleman entrepreneurship. Chinese merchants embedded in the EHMG were able to economize on transaction costs, and this gave them a differential advantage to out-compete other ethnic groups to appropriate merchant roles. The EHMG functions also as a 'cultural transmission unit' transmitting Confucian ethics to future generations of Chinese middlemen, hence maintaining Chinese merchant roles over time. The paper draws on some key concepts in the New Institutional Economics literature as well as modern evolutionary biology.