跨国公司的组织结构及其演变探究

跨国公司的组织构架主要是指跨国公司的正式组织结构,其模式以及演变的动因是企业要不断提升盈利能力。要想获得卓越的盈利能力,跨国公司就要兼顾实现区位和经验曲线经济、核心竞争力的转移以及地区调试,使得公司组织构架与发展战略以及竞争环境相协调。许多跨国公司最初使用典型的职能结构,随着自身的不断成长,开始相继选择产品分部、国际分部、世界范围的地区或产品分部、全球矩阵、跨国网络、虚拟化等结构,以满足企业的发展需要。     

跨国公司挤出式并购对民族品牌的影响及对策

跨国公司在全球扩张的过程中,通过直接并购、合资、品牌再定位等策略蚕食我国民族知名品牌,对我国本土企业的品牌塑造及发展形成极大冲击。本文分析了跨国公司的品牌重组与并购对民族品牌造成的挤出效应和竞争策略,然后提出具体的应对策略。     

基于协同演化的企业可持续成长研究

动态竞争环境下,战略选择和组织适应力理论在分析企业持续成长时都存在着致命的硬伤。本文把企业如何持续成长的问题转化为企业竞争优势如何持续的问题,系统剖析了这两大理论的各自优势与不足,认为这两大理论在企业与环境相互选择过程中是动态融合的,在根本上是协同演化关系,在此基础上,文章分析了企业竞争优势如何构建的问题及其驱动因素,并构建了动态环境下企业协同演化的成长模型,以揭示企业可持续成长的内在机理。     

跨国公司在华本土化经营的相关探析

自20世纪90年代,尤其是中国加入世贸组织以来,跨国公司为抢占我国消费市场,形成对本土企业的竞争优势,纷纷在我国加大了投资经营的本土化力度,并对我国经济发展产生了深远影响。我国政府和企业应该提高对跨国公司本土化行为的重视,为使跨国公司同我国经济发展相结合,更好地利用跨国公司为我国经济发展服务,政府应当规范跨国公司的本土化行为,培育民族企业。对民族企业来说,应发挥自身优势,重视人才的开发与利用,防止人才继续流失。     

跨国公司直接投资的技术溢出效应研究

本文运用博弈论、经济学的先动优势理论和寡头竞争理论对跨国公司技术溢出效应的发生机理和正外部性进行了分析。我国企业应增强对FDI技术溢出的吸收能力,促进产业快速成长。     

跨国公司研发机构对本土创新主体的挤出效应

跨国公司在华研发投资的增加改变了我国技术创新系统要素结构和系统内部诸要素之间的竞争状态。通过构建跨国公司参与下的我国技术创新主体竞争关系模型,探究双方对有限科研资源和市场资源的争夺态势及其演变规律和挤出效应大小,认为重新构筑实力型企业发展范式,推动本土企业竞争实力提升是避免或减少跨国公司挤出效应的根本所在,政府制订执行政策与法律法规的能力是引导规范两主体竞争、减小跨国公司挤出效应的基本保障。     

高管海外背景对我国跨国公司创新成果的影响

创新是跨国公司面对竞争的核心武器,海外背景高管作为跨国公司的决策者,直接影响着企业的创新活动与创新成果。基于我国跨国公司微观数据,探讨高管海外背景对跨国公司整体创新成果及突破性创新成果的影响效应,结果表明：（1）高管海外背景能够显著推动我国跨国公司创新成果的提升;（2）高管海外技术背景能够显著推动我国跨国公司的整体和突破性创新成果的提升;（3）高管海外法律背景能够显著推动我国跨国公司整体创新成果的提升。     

基于网络关联与组织演化双重视角的中国跨国公司成长策略研究——来自欧美发达国家的经验借鉴与启示

从网络关联和组织演化两个方面,通过案例分析的研究方法,对欧美跨国公司的成长经验进行归纳和理论梳理。研究表明:在网络关联方面,欧美跨国公司的成长表现为网络广度的不断扩展与深度的不断加强,并且作为网络中心的母国或母公司在加强网络深度时更侧重于对发达区域的投资;在组织演化方面,欧洲和美国的跨国公司的组织模式选择存在差异性。在此基础上,结合中国跨国公司的成长与发展现状,从网络关联程度与组织模式选择两个方面提出中国跨国公司成长的相关策略。     

我国自主品牌轿车的现状及其发展建议

本文利用Hotelling模型,分析出汽车企业进入市场后的产品差异化竞争策略的结果,这一结果与我国轿车产业现况相一致:在我国轿车产业中,我国自主品牌产品占据低端市场,获得利润相对较低;而国外跨国公司在华合资企业占领中高档轿车市场,获得高额利润.为了更好地与国外品牌进行竞争,我国民族轿车品牌应该制定长远的战略规划,政府也需要制定相应的政策来鼓励自主品牌企业.此外,消费者应该提高民族意识,积极购买我国自主品牌轿车,促进我国自主品牌轿车企业的发展.     

资本经营与企业经营的辨证关系分析

<正>在全球化竞争时代,我国企业要与跨国公司竞争,需要有一个跨越式的发展。而企业要实现快速的成长和扩张,单纯依靠自身的内延扩大再生产已不足以实现,怎样到资本市场进行有利的兼并收购活     

Similarities and differences in human resource management in the European Union

This study explores similarities and differences in human resource management (HRM) in the European Union (EU). Common factors in the development of European HRM are the importance of consultation, the emergence of flexible work patterns, the role of work and the employer in the life of employees, and the introduction of the Euro. National, company, and regional factors create divergence in European HRM. National factors include societal hierarchy, different cultures and mental models, societal structure, and language. Company factors include size of companies, public versus private, and multinational or local. Regional factors differentiate along north‐south and east‐west axes. The EU had relatively little impact on HRM in terms of harmonization of labor and tax laws but had major impact on the opening up of markets to foreign competition and privatization of public sector companies. While cultural diversity remains strong, the influence of large multinational companies may lead to more regional integration in the practice of HRM. European HRM is much more comfortable operating in a polycentric mode than U.S. HRM, which seeks universality and standardization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Firm Growth and Failure in Increasingly Competitive Markets Theory and Application to Hospital Markets

Recent models of firm failure and growth have ignored demand factors. In this paper, we generalize these theoretical analyses to include demand factors in explaining failure and growth for heterogeneous firms in local markets facing imperfect but increasing competition. The model is then applied empirically to the hospital industry in California over the 1980s, during which time competition did intensify. We model the closure decision based on expectations of future growth, explicitly accounting for self selection and simultaneity. We find that both size and demand factors are important determinants of survival and growth     

供应链网络的价值增值博弈决策研究

供应链的结构组成和成员间的竞合关系越来越复杂,已由链条式供应链扩展为以核心企业为中心的网络式供应链(单供应链网络),进而演化为由多个单供应链网络构成的复杂供应链网络.目前对供应链均衡模型的研究多限于针对单个供应链网络上下游企业间博弈,考虑到单供应链网络之间存在的以价值增值最大化为目标的竞合关系博弈,文章提出了复杂供应链网络的价值增值均衡模型,建立了在成本信息不对称情况下的贝叶斯纳什博弈模型,并以算例给出了相关的经济解释.     

全球价值链下的地方产业集群持续竞争优势研究

文章从能力的角度对全球价值链下的地方产业集群进行了研究.文章认为异质性能力是全球价值链下地方产业集群竞争优势的基础;动态能力是全球价值链下地方产业集群持续竞争优势的来源;集群学习是全球价值链下地方产业集群持续竞争优势获得的路径.最后,文章从集群学习的视角提出了全球价值链下地方产业集群发展战略.     

Competitive dynamics and business models in service business: a promising research subject

Successful firms create substantial value by doing things in ways that differentiate them from the competition. Business models reflect choices and their operating implications. They facilitate the analysis, testing, and validation of the cause-and-effect relationships that flow from the strategic choices. Due to business models are one of the main forces driving strategic renewal efforts of businesses around the world, we focus on service industry companies and their unique characteristics, with regard to new business and competition models that service companies use for strategic management and on how such models mesh with the traditional processes of competitive and corporative strategies.     

市场与地方保护主义:一个基于市场产权的分析框架

过去大量的研究强调行政性分权和财政包干下地方官员的财政激励是地方保护主义长期存在的主要原因。建立了市场产权模型,从市场产权角度研究地方保护主义,强调市场产权成本对地区间经济竞争和合作的影响。市场产权成本包含确定排他性产权成本和内部治理成本,打破地方保护主义实施地区市场共享将会导致这两类产权成本的变化,不同的变化会影响到地方政府之间的合作空间和竞争空间。     

Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes

Many retail and restaurant companies adopt international expansion as a strategy to take advantage of business opportunities presented by target markets. Common objectives include increasing revenue, escaping a hypercompetitive or saturated home market, entering an emerging or lucrative market, and leveraging domestic capabilities in a bordering country. Success in international expansion is not guaranteed, however; the business world is littered with failures. In this article, we examine the international expansion failures of five service companies that opened physical facilities in a foreign country: Target, Tim Hortons, Best Buy, Tesco, and Walmart. While a variety of factors led to these failures, some common causes have been identified. These include a lack of understanding of the purchasing characteristics of consumers, underestimation of the local competition, supply chain issues, and poor strategic decisions regarding facility location and the rate of expansion. Not all international expansions are failures, though, and herein we also present the success stories of Aldo, Carrefour, and Nordstrom. These companies understood customer preferences and focused on location issues and their supply chains. Based on the aforementioned failures and successes, we offer guidance for companies looking to expand their business operations via a physical presence in a foreign country.     

Competition in Local Telecommunications

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 created a framework for competition in local telecommunications. Under its rules and under the jurisdiction of state regulatory authorities, competitive local telephone companies were to gain access to some or all parts of the incumbent’s network through known wholesale tariffs and offer retail local telephone service. As customers Competition in Local Telecommunications adopt other technologies for communications—mobile wireless service, broadband for email, messaging, and information retrieval—additional competitive pressures are put on the core voice telephone market. The substitution of usage and access from local telephony to other modes of communication is regarded as intermodal competition and is the subject of this paper. This study concerns local telecommunications competition between incumbent and competitive service providers in the United States. In addition to measuring competition from within the wireline market, we find significant intermodal competitive impacts resulting from wireless and high-speed development. We report empirical results from an econometric model that measures line loss impacts between carriers and the effects of wireless and high-speed services on the wireline market. The paper offers interpretation of the strategic and policy implications of these results.JEL Classification L120,L400,L960     

模块化设计竞争与设计演化:理论模型与案例验证

设计竞争是指设计主体在进行事物改造过程中,为了实现其主导设计地位而展开的对设计资源与设计市场的争夺。设计主体能否取得设计竞争中的优势地位,取决于设计范式在传承维、关联维、创新维、顾客维、成本维等维度上的绩效表现,本文基于此构建了设计竞争分析的"5C模型"。设计竞争是模块化设计演化的催动力,它一方面推动模块化设计生物进化式的自然演化,表现为渐进式演化模式;另一方面,激发设计主体的主观能动性,驱动模块化设计以突变方式演化,表现为跳跃式演化模式。汽车产业是模块化设计竞争与设计演进的典型案例。     

模式与本土化 2009年度中国最佳商业模式获奖案例

商业模式中的模式一词所包含的根源性和普适性的意思,容易给人们造成一种误解,那就是一个美妙的商业模式,可以放之四海而皆准地使用在不同的国家和市场环境里,尤其是在这个日趋全球化的世界里。