我国加工贸易转型升级的内涵与对策

加工贸易转型升级内涵包括五个领域的转型,即股权结构转变、产品产地转移、组织方式转换、生产方式转化和营销市场转向,同时在发展阶段、产品结构、产业结构、集聚配套、增值能力五个方面升级。国家可在财政、税收、企业、资金、土地、监管区域以及交通等方面适当调整政策,对加工贸易企业加以引导,以促进加工贸易的转型升级。     

推进加工贸易转型升级的方向与政策

“十二五”时期,我国加工贸易已处在转型升级的关键阶段.企业应提高加工制造环节的生产率,致力于加工制造更高端的产品,向研发领域逐步延伸,从代工方式向开创自主品牌转型,向下游服务价值链延伸,开展多元化经营.政府应支持企业转型升级,兼顾提高加工贸易带动作用、地区间平衡发展、可持续发展等目标.     

中国加工贸易的发展历程与政策演变

发展加工贸易是我国承接产业转移、参与国际分工和实施对外开放的重要战略选择.当前促进加工贸易转型升级不是取消加工贸易,而是更好地发展加工贸易.要保持加工贸易政策的稳定性和可预见性,协调处理好加工贸易顺差与延长产业链、直接税收与间接税收、保税政策与国际竞争力等四个关系,把握加工贸易转型升级方向,延长加工贸易国内增值链,加快“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变.     

加快天津市加工贸易发展

随着经济全球化的深入发展,加工贸易的内涵也发生了深刻变化。天津转变加工贸易发展战略的核心是转型升级,要优化＂源头＂、确立＂龙头＂、发展＂块头＂,其战略目的是通过加工贸易的发展,形成一个基于外向型经济模式的庞大的产业群体,使之成为助推天津经济发展方式转变的重要动力,并在推进天津工业化进程、促进结构调整、促进民营企业发展壮大、增强天津国际竞争优势等方面发挥更为重要的作用。     

论新形势下河南省加工贸易发展的对策思考

通过改革开放我省的加工贸易虽然有了跨越式的发展,但还存在不足之处.在新形势下我们应该对我省的加工贸易的发展有所反思.     

韩国加工贸易政策及对山东省加工贸易转型升级的启示

二战以来，加工贸易不断发展变迁，一些后进国家抓住机遇实现了经济的腾飞。韩国的加工出口型贸易很典型，从20世纪60年代至今，韩国加工出口规模和结构都显著提升，带动了经济增长和结构升级。韩国克服本国资源瓶颈，提升加工贸易水平的政策，如发展出口加工区和提高加工增值程度、国产化率等的政策，对加工贸易亟需转型升级的山东省很有启示意义。     

深圳市加工贸易发展与转型升级研究

改革开放以来,深圳市的加工贸易迅速发展,对深圳工业化进程和城市发展作出了巨大的贡献。深圳加工贸易正面临着经济要素和资源价格上涨、人民币升值、外贸摩擦等困难,亟需进行转型升级以适应变化了的经济环境。为此,深圳要转移低端加工贸易企业,同时严把审批关,重点引进高技术和附加值的外资企业;加强对本土加工贸易企业的技术、资金和服务的支持;改革和完善加工贸易管理制度,提高服务效率。     

我国加工贸易的新变化与政策调整

总结了加工贸易发生的重大变化及对现行政策与监管体制提出的新要求，就进一步发挥加工贸易推进工业化的作用提出了完整的政策建议。     

浙江对外加工贸易企业发展与转型升级分析

浙江是我国改革开放的先行者,对外加工贸易是其对外贸易的主要产业之一。但在现行环境和竞争条件下,促进对外加工贸易发展转型和升级不仅有利于促进浙江的国民经济发展水平、推动就业发展,还有利于浙江省外资结构的优化、发挥自身优势、抓住机遇走向贸易国际化、加快工业化进程。     

加工贸易政策新调整解读

严控“两高一资”产品出口 经国务院批准，7月23日，商务部、海关总署联合发布公告，公布新一批加工贸易限制类目录。主要涉及塑料原料及制品、纺织纱线、布匹、家具等劳动密集型产业，共计1853个十位商品税号，占全部海关商品编码的15％。[第一段]     

美国贸易调整援助立法新论

二战后,美国极力推行自由贸易政策,在此背景下,贸易调整援助立法于1962年正式被引入美国贸易法,该项立法的救济手段和功能定位都迥异于传统意义上专注于遏制进口的贸易救济措施,它创新了美国贸易救济机制,为受自由贸易不利影响的工人和企业提供了有效的调整和救济,并对美国国内经济和对外贸易的发展都起了巨大的促进作用。     

刍议我国农产品贸易政策改革

在国际贸易领域内,农产品贸易一直处于极其特殊的地位。农业所具有的基础性地位使其关联着粮食安全、环境保护、国内政治等诸多问题。中国是一个农业大国,农业在国民经济中处于极其重要的地位。基于对上述问题的思考,以及长期以来对农业问题的关注和对农业经济学的兴趣,本文从农产品贸易自由化与农业政策变革之间的互动关系进行了分析。     

The empirics of trade and growth: where are the policy recommendations?

Existing literature repeatedly documented a strong correlation between trade and growth. It has also shown a causal effect of imports (though not necessarily exports) on growth in simultaneous equation models but to a lesser extent in Granger-causality tests. Export and import taxes have sometimes been found to negatively affect growth. Drawing policy conclusions from these general findings for a particular country is difficult not only because of the contradictory results but also because of potential second best world effects and the implied endogeneity of trade policy. Policy recommendations for a specific country require a careful analysis of market and institutional arrangements and can not be based on the existing cross-country literature.This project started while both authors were working at the World Bank. Views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank or the institutions they are currently affiliated with. We would like to thank Lucas Bretschger, Shanta Deverajan, Marion Jansen, Marcelo Olarreaga, Howard Pack, Karen Pittel and Paul Welfens for helpful discussions and comments. We are especially indebted to Simon Evenett for very detailed and constructive comments.     

贸易政策选择的博弈分析

传统贸易理论与新贸易理论的不同源于假设条件的不同,并由此导致贸易政策选择上的自由贸易政策和战略性贸易政策。本文主要应用博弈理论对战略性贸易政策在不完全竞争市场上对国际贸易的影响进行分析,说明政府使用干预政策时,应充分考虑现实条件,否则其危害可能远远超过自由贸易。     

“碳关税”与中国外贸政策之应对

二氧化碳等温室气体排放导致气候变化问题日益受到人们关注。而美国为了在经济危机中寻找新的增长点,意图在新的节能经济中继续处于有利地位,也迫于其国内贸易保护主义的压力,于2009年6月22日通过《清洁能源安全法》。该法以限制温室气体排放、减缓全球变暖为由正式提出了对进口的高耗能产品征收"碳关税"。西方征收"碳关税"一旦成为现实,不仅会使西方国家在短期内达到贸易保护的目的,也会使其在节能环保的"低碳经济"时代保持经济和技术上的优势。本文首先对"碳关税"的由来以及西方国家的意图进行分析阐述,进而讨论其对中国外贸的不利影响,最后,从外贸政策的角度提出应对之策。     

十二五:中国外贸的机遇与政策取向

"十二五"时期,中国外贸具有继续发展的良好基础,也面临着诸多的问题与挑战。本文着重分析中国外贸基础优势、国际贸易新动向以及面临的诸多困难,并提出"十二五"时期的政策取向。     

Trade policy under imperfect competition: The economics of Russian roulette

Summary Neo-classical economic theory shows that managed trade or protectionism is (almost) always welfare decreasing. However, measurements of the welfare costs of protectionism based on neo-classical models seem to suggest that these costs are quite small. We discuss general new insights and developments in the theory, policy and empiricism of international trade. The observation that intra-industry trade and the services sector are important has led to a shift in theory away from constant returns to scale and perfect competition towards economies of scale and scope, externalities, market imperfections, and imperfect competition. Although this, in principle, opens the door to beneficial government intervention in the economic process, we emphasize that the true costs of protection can potentially be much higher than is generally acknowledged as a result of the above mentioned shift.We would like to thank, without implicating, Martin Fase, Harry Garretsen, Catrinus Jepma, Simon Kuipers, Ger Lanjouw, Tenn Schmidt, Albert de Vaal, and Jean-Marie Viaene for stimulating conversations and useful suggestions. We thank Thijs Knaap for excellent research assistance.     

Openness and trade policy in China: an industrial analysis

This paper analyzes the tariff structure and its determinants in China, with our research conducted under the rubric of endogenous policy theory. We study the tariff rates for 95 industries in China in 1996. The potential determinants of tariff rates are collected from an array of variables characterizing industries in 1995. A principal component method is used to reduce these variables into four major dimensions. The first component comprises the information on the composition of employees broken down by age, education, and job classification. The second component is underlined by the profitability of the industry. The third component consists of those variables not picked up with high salience in the first two components. More closely resembling those in the second component than the first, these variables include gross product, foreign capital, inventory, sales revenue, and total loss. The fourth component receives high loadings from two variables: the number of firms in the industry and the number of firms that incur net losses in their operation. Using variables identified by the principal component analysis and postulated by the variants of the endogenous trade theory, regression analysis finds that the trade policy in China is mainly defined by an industrial policy favoring high-tech industries and a social policy minimizing social instability. The implications for China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) are also provided in the paper.     

沈阳产业发展分析与结构调整策略

产业结构是影响地区经济增长及其发展的重要因素。本文针对沈阳老工业基地的特点，立足产业结构的演变历程，分析产业调整中存在的问题，提出沈阳产业结构调整的策略。     

对当前贸易摩擦的法律评价与对策思考

双边磋商解决方案无助于贸易摩擦的有效解决。目前,我国最需要做的是利用WTO规则澄清国外反倾销、反补贴、技术性规则及特别保障措施条款等的适用,加强相关的制度建设,以维护既有的贸易利益。