THE REMUNERATION OF NON-OWNER MANAGERS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED UK ENTERPRISES

Virtually all prior research on small and medium sized enterprise (SME) management has focused on owner managers. This article, however, empirically examines the determinants of managerial remuneration for a sample of 97 UK SME non-owning managerial employees. the empirical analysis, based upon data obtained from interviews with middle (i.e. non-director level) managers and the published financial records of their employing firms lodged at Companies House, first examines the influence of firm size and performance and then augments the empirical model to include pay composition, industrial sector, external labour market and human capital variables. The empirical results indicate that the average profitability of the employing firms is not a significant determinant of managerial remuneration. However, composition of pay appears to have a significant effect upon total remuneration since, even after controlling for other influences, managers in receipt of annual bonuses and/or profit-sharing bonuses are estimated to earn an additional £6,600. the managers’age and qualifications, and the asset size, industry and location of their employing firms are also significant factors and collectively are able to explain a large proportion of the cross-sectional variance in remuneration. Though there is a lack of previous empirical research on SME managerial pay.     

论企业创新主体与创新文化建设

文章认为,创新文化建设对于提高企业自主创新能力具有重要作用,企业全体员工是企业创新文化建设的主体。只有大力加强以人为本的创新文化建设,我国的创新型国家战略才能实现。     

The impact of opportunity connectedness on innovation in SMEs’ foreign-market relationships

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use of business networks has grown significantly during the last decades, partly due to increasingly complex innovation processes. This article investigates how different kinds of networks, depending on location, contextualize innovation in specific foreign market business relationships. Building on internationalization, network, and innovation research we develop a model that views opportunity connectedness in specific host-markets, home-markets, and other international markets as prerequisites to innovative collaboration and innovation outcomes in foreign business relationships. The results of our linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis of Swedish SMEs provide empirical evidence that the effect of opportunity connectedness on innovation outcomes in foreign business relationships is mediated by the level of innovative collaboration. These results indicate that SMEs need a relatively higher level of innovative collaboration in their partnerships with foreign market customers to convert opportunities conceived in home- and international- market networks into innovative outcomes in comparison to opportunities conceived in host-market networks. This finding implies that as opportunities become increasingly contextually remote, the importance of collaborative business relationships increases. By showing these results, the study contributes to research in the international small-business domain that seeks to identify important prerequisites of SME innovation.     

江苏省制造业上市公司发展比较分析

作为企业中的佼佼者,制造业上市公司既是制造业发展的风向标,也是带动区域经济发展的重要力量,对制造业整体发展具有重要的示范引领作用.江苏作为制造大省,一直高度重视制造业上市公司的培育和发展,取得了较为丰硕的成果,以制造业上市公司为主力军的龙头骨干企业队伍对制造业发展的引领带动作用也越来越显著.因此,及时掌握全省制造业上市...     

The variable effects of dynamic capability by firm size: the interaction of innovation and marketing capabilities in competitive industries

Although investments in marketing and innovation capabilities theoretically help firms to compete in dynamic markets and enhance performance, company size has a strong influence on whether this is the case. In a test of a proposed conceptual model, this study of 692 small, medium, and large enterprises found that large firms prospered from building dynamic capabilities under conditions of high industry competitiveness, while investments in innovation and marketing individually diminished small firms’ performance. The effect was mixed for medium-size firms. In small enterprises, however, dynamic capability proved to be crucial in order to withstand competition. Therefore, taking into account these firms’ limited resources, managerial efforts should be focused on the integration of marketing and innovation capabilities, because each capability alone does not have a significant positive impact on performance. In medium-sized enterprises, the support of marketing capability is required to raise profitability under conditions of high industry competitiveness; otherwise, innovation would not lead to actual profits. For large enterprises, industry competitiveness was found to be a less serious threat to performance, and instead is a catalyst to the development of capabilities, suggesting that managers of such firms should focus on building long-term strategic advantages.     

How internal and external factors influence the dynamics of SME technology collaboration networks over time

This paper presents a framework to assess the effects of technology collaboration networks (TCNs) on the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). It includes three factors that affect firm dynamics and could influence the success of the TCN: the macroeconomic cycle (macro-level), the industry life cycle (industry-level) and the age of the firm (firm-level). Previous papers have focused on factors at one specific level, mainly the firm level, but have not looked at these all together and have also failed to take into account how they evolve gradually over time. This study closes this gap using a panel of 44,885 observations for SMEs for the period 2003–2013. The findings confirm the importance of the inclusion of these factors at the macroeconomic, industry and firm level since they influence the TCN and the innovation performance relationship. The implications for managers and policy makers are discussed.     

Business associations and their potential contribution to the competitiveness of SMEs

This paper examines the relations between small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and business associations. It identifies sectoral, local and national dimensions and reports survey results in Britain that evidence the range of services supplied and demanded. The paper reviews the theoretical understanding of how associations operate and how they can be expected to relate to their SME members. Using this framework the paper then assesses, largely using new survey evidence, the types of associations most relevant to SMEs, their characteristics, and their services. The paper concludes by arguing that SMEs are one of the least well represented groups of business, their interests are often likely to be swamped in association governance either by large businesses or by employee–status individuals. In general there are also limits to development of services through business associations, although there is strong variation between businesses by sector, location and size. The author concludes that contributions by associations through specific services to individual companies appears to be relatively limited. The chief contribution of associations to competitiveness of their member businesses appears to be their improvement of collective industry standards, e.g. through codes of conduct, information, collective events, benchmarking and management seminars.     

中国入世后建筑业发展的对策研究

中国建筑业与发达国家建筑业在体制、法制、机制、产业结构、技术水平及市场竞争力等方面存在着较大差距,缩短这些差距的重要途径就是与国际接轨。本文根据世贸组织（ＷＴＯ）关于“全球贸易自由化”的宗旨,结合中国建筑业的现状提出了提高中国建筑业整体水平的八点对策。特别指出,只有按市场经济规律办事和进行企业创新才能不断增强中国建筑业的国际竞争能力。     

电子商务环境下的物流管理创新策略探讨

随着电子商务领域的蓬勃发展,物流行业逐渐走进大众视野。在电子商务的影响下,人们对物流行业的需求逐渐增加。在物流行业飞速发展的时期,物流企业的传统管理方式变得难以适应物流行业所面临的现状,因此,物流企业应该创新管理方式,以创新举措提高公司的核心管理能力,加强在市场上与其他同行业公司竞争的能力,进而提高公司的市场经济效益。     

The business case for sustainability? An examination of small firms in the UK's construction and restaurant sectors

Studies show that despite a concerted attempt by UK policy‐makers to portray ‘eco‐efficiency’ measures as cost reducing, most owner‐managers of small firms view environmental measures as expensive to undertake. As a result, owner‐managers tend to be highly resistant to voluntarily improving their environmental performance. Given that SMEs are such a vast sector of the economy, this perceived discord between profits and environmental protection is clearly a major barrier to the ‘greening’ of industry. This ESRC‐funded study has sought to unearth the underlying motivations for why SME owner‐managers in the UK resist or accept the idea that there are business benefits for improving their environmental performance. The findings from 40 in‐depth interviews with SME owners in the UK's construction and restaurant sectors and 12 ‘key informants’ from industry and government are presented, followed by a discussion of SME perspectives on the ‘business case’ for sustainability and its implications for policy‐makers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

石油企业技术创新能力评价研究

技术创新能力是石油企业技术创新的主体,对石油企业发展起着至关重要的作用,它直接关系到石油企业未来发展空间和发展方向,影响石油企业的竞争力。文章首先分析了企业技术创新能力评价指标体系的构建原则,根据其构建原则,建立了石油企业技术创新评价指标体系,并基于DEA评价模型,对石油企业技术创新能力进行评价和分析。     

浅析施工企业的自主创新

在当前经济快速发展过程中,自主创新能力是提高施工企业核心竞争力的关键。本文结合我国建筑企业在自主创新方面的做法,分析了施工企业的自主创新体现在技术创新和管理创新两个方面,并提出了通过组合技术、以市场为导向、重视人才资源等途径来提高自主创新能力,从而提高施工企业自身的竞争力和建筑行业的科学发展。     

Analysing the composition of the SME sector in high- and low-income regions: Some research hypotheses

Certain qualitative characteristics of the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating within a territory might be essential to explain their macroeconomic impact. From this perspective, this article explores the relationship between the composition of the SME sector and the level of regional economic development. In this regard, a conceptual framework to analyse the composition of SME sectors is proposed considering two key aspects: on the one hand, different dimensions of SMEs’ entrepreneurial orientation – innovation, cooperation, proactivity and quality orientation; and, on the other hand, the role of the external effects resulting from the inter-firm productive linkages within a specific area – differentiating between domestic, dependent, exporting and extravert SMEs. The relationship between these two key aspects is also considered and tested using a multinomial logit model. The empirical analysis uses data from a survey among over 650 SMEs in two Spanish provinces: Barcelona, as an example of a high-income economy, and Seville, as an example of a comparatively backward area.     

基于BP神经网络的建筑业企业技术创新能力评价

技术创新是企业发展的推动力,也是企业提高核心竞争力的必然要求。当前,我国建筑业企业的竞争日益激烈,但企业的技术创新能力不强,通过对建筑业企业技术创新能力的评价,使企业认识自身的技术创新能力水平,为企业开展技术创新活动服务。     

基于网络层次分析法的建筑技术创新性指标体系分析

因建筑企业技术创新作为提升其核心竞争力的重要手段,本文站在建筑企业角度对其创新性的指标进行分析,并将网络层次分析法引入,分析对建筑技术创新性指标的关系并计算各指标权重,探讨网络层次分析法在建筑技术创新性指标体系分析中应用的同时为建筑企业提高创新能力提供依据。     

物流服务创新探析

我国对物流业的逐步放开,已经使国外的物流企业大举进入中国市场。这些国外的物流企业多为大型跨国公司,在硬件方面具有很大的优势,对于我国本土企业而言,要想在激烈的市场竞争中不被淘汰出局,进行服务创新是有效的解决途径。文中从物流服务创新的内涵及思路展开论述,最后提出了物流服务创新的五条具体途径,为企业开展物流服务创新提供参考。     

Firms as source of variety in innovation: influence of size and sector

This article seeks to fulfill two main objectives. It firstly seeks to identify and quantify characteristics and behaviors of firms that are associated with what, in the evolutionary stream, is known as variety in innovation. A factor analysis is applied with a view to establishing, from a sizeable group of variables related to business innovation, the main factors or sources of variety in innovation in firms. The second goal is to estimate the influence of two variables that have been traditionally related to innovative firm activity on each of these sources: size and sector. The results of the analysis show seven important sources of variability in innovation for firms and that the influence of size and sector of activity on innovation occurs, at different levels of intensity, through these sources. The empirical analysis is based on the responses given for managers of a representative sample of enterprises in a personal interview.     

风险投资股权质押与企业创新——基于中小板和创业板的实证研究

企业创新活动需要充足的资金来源,而股权质押也逐渐成为一种重要的融资方式,那么风险投资的股权质押行为会给企业创新带来什么影响呢？以2007—2017年我国中小板和创业板上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了风险投资股权质押与企业创新之间的关系。研究发现,风险投资股权质押会抑制企业创新;机制检验表明风险投资股权质押会提高企业融资约束,进而抑制企业创新。进一步研究发现,在内部控制水平较低、独立董事规模较小的企业以及非国有和高新技术行业的企业,风险投资股权质押对创新的抑制作用更大。     

Corporate sustainability and innovation in SMEs: Evidence of themes and activities in practice

Recently, innovation processes towards sustainable development have received increasing attention in academic literature. This research introduces the combination of insights from innovation theory, sustainable development practice and small business characteristics to unlock new knowledge on factors that influence the translation of sustainable innovation within small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) into practice. The sustainability themes and activities as described for large companies (i.e. in the sustainability reporting and management literature) were used as starting point in this study. It presents empiric results of the PRIMA Project conducted within the rubber and plastics industry (RPI) on sustainable innovation activities. It will show that many sustainable innovations are directed at the improvement of technological processes (eco‐efficiency) and to lower costs of production. These innovations can be seen as incremental. Companies with sustainability integrated in their orientation and innovation processes show value creation: the development of products new to the market (radical innovations) and cooperation with stakeholders. The PRIMA project shows that more insight in SME innovative characteristics and (e)valuation of sustainable innovation efforts provides opportunities to improve the sustainability performance of SMEs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

建筑工程施工质量管理创新策略探讨

随着我国社会的发展和国家建设的深入,建筑行业实现了飞速发展。提升建筑工程施工质量管理水平成为建筑企业提升自身市场竞争力的核心内容。论文主要分析了建筑工程施工质量管理的重要性及存在的问题,并提出了建筑工程施工质量管理的创新策略。