FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER SELECTION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF BEEF IN CENTRAL ALBERTA

Beef, pork, poultry, and fish were relatively widely consumed, while lamb and veal were consumed on a regular basis by a relatively small proportion of the respondents in this investigation. Pork was more widely consumed by younger respondents (under 50 years), while a large proportion of older respondents regularly consumed lamb and veal. Number of per capita servings of most kinds of meat and of beef steaks and roasts appeared to increase with age of adult household members. Older respondents (over 50 years) consumed more per capita servings of the higher priced beef cuts, but similar amounts of the cheaper beef cuts. A larger proportion of younger respondents (under 35 years) either did not know or failed to ascertain the grade of beef regularly purchased, while a larger proportion of the older respondents (over 35 years) believed they were purchasing steer beef in preference to heifer beef. Colour, price and lean-to-fat ratio were the most widely used criteria for selection of steak and roast purchases, but colour and price were not as widely considered by respondents in the mid-age groups (25–50 years). Marbling increased in importance as a selection criterion with age of respondent. Respondents in the mid-age groups considered grade and butcher recommendations most often when selecting beef purchases. Respondents in all age groups considered tenderness and flavour most important to the acceptability of steaks and roasts, after purchase, but colour and lean-to-fat ratio were also relatively important to older respondents (over 50 years). Documentation of consumption patterns, selection criteria, and factors contributing to acceptability in various geographical areas is important, so that industry can modify production, processing, and handling practices to better satisfy consumer requirements and desires.     

黑龙江省农民科技水平的影响因素分析及对策

黑龙江省作为一个农业大省,全面建设小康社会的重点和难点在农村,根本出路在于强化科技兴农措施,不断提高农业科技的整体水平。进入新阶段,面对“三农”发展的新形势和新任务,结合黑龙江省实际,文章从农业的规模经济和农业实用技术的开发应用,加大政府资金扶持力度和科技创新力度的角度,对黑龙江省农民增收问题进行分析探讨,提出一些建设性意见。     

OPTIMAL CONSUMPTION AND PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH INCOMPLETE MARKETS AND UPPER AND LOWER BOUND CONSTRAINTS

We study an optimal consumption and portfolio selection problem for an investor by a martingale approach. We assume that time is a discrete and finite horizon, the sample space is finite and the number of securities is smaller than that of the possible securities price vector transitions. the investor is prohibited from investing stocks more (less, respectively) than given upper (lower) bounds at any time, and he maximizes an expected time additive utility function for the consumption process. First we give a set of budget feasibility conditions so that a consumption process is attainable by an admissible portfolio process. Also we state the existence of the unique primal optimal solutions. Next we formulate a dual control problem and establish the duality between primal and dual control problems. Also we show the existence of dual optimal solutions. Finally we consider the computational aspect of dual approach through a simple numerical example.     

SPC技术在肉及肉制品微生物监控中的应用

本文简要介绍了统计过程控制技术,即SPC技术,并以低温火腿生产中大肠菌群卫生控制为例,详细说明了利用SPC技术对肉及肉制品生产中微生物监测结果进行分析、利用和反馈的方法。     

THE EFFECT OF DOMESTIC STORAGE ON THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE,PALATABILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF FOOD

The quality of food, that is, its nutritional value, palatability and acceptability can be significantly reduced by unsuitable storage in the home. This paper analyses how people store food, considers how they would like to receive information and stresses the need for more education about home food storage.     

DIMENSIONS OF SATISFACTION WITH PURCHASES OF WOMEN'S DRESSES: BEFORE AND AFTER GARMENT CARE

The purpose of this research was to assess the appropriateness of grouping evaluative criteria used by women in their dress purchases according to instrumental, expressive, and market aspects. Respondents from a random telephone sample were divided into two groups, ‘Care’ and ‘Nocare’, according to whether or not the consumers had cared for (washed or cleaned) their dresses at the time satisfaction was measured. For both groups, factors were generated which were representative of the three aspects of evaluative criteria proposed. The factors reflected expressive, price, selection/size, and performance dimensions of clothing satisfaction. Hence, in analysing clothing satisfaction, researchers must recognize that several functions are served by clothing and reflect these in the research methodology.     

DISUTILITY, OPTIMAL RETIREMENT, AND PORTFOLIO SELECTION

We study the optimal retirement and consumption/investment choice of an infinitely-lived economic agent with a time-separable von Neumann–Morgenstern utility. A particular aspect of our problem is that the agent has a retirement option. Before retirement the agent receives labor income but suffers a utility loss from labor. By retiring, he avoids the utility loss but gives up labor income. We show that the agent retires optimally if his wealth exceeds a certain critical level. We also show that the agent consumes less and invests more in risky assets when he has an option to retire than he would in the absence of such an option.
An explicit solution can be provided by solving a free boundary value problem. In particular, the critical wealth level and the optimal consumption and portfolio policy are provided in explicit forms.     

IMPACT OF INCOME AND WIFE'S EDUCATION ON FAMILY CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES

Data from the 1972–73 Consumer Expenditure Surveys were used to investigate whether wife's education influences family expenditure once the effects of income and other factors are taken into account. The double-log function was used in the multiple regression analysis of fifteen consumption expenditure categories. Education and income elasticities were also compared. Wife's education was influential in determining family consumption expenditures even after taking family income and other factors into account.     

影响当前就业的因素及对策

中国是一个转型期发展中国家。随着结构调整和深化改革就业问题日趋严峻 ,对我国经济、社会、政治等方面产生了巨大冲击。文章分析转型时期影响劳动力就业的因素并提出应对措施     

A REVIEW OF STRESSORS IN THE HOME

Stress can be defined as a dependent variable, an independent variable or as an interactive variable. The most workable definition is the latter, ‘the transactional model’. This describes stress as a ‘lack of fit’ between an organism and the environment in which an imbalance occurs at a cognitive level between perceived demand and perceived capability producing an unpleasant, emotional experience and a stress response. Stressors in the domestic environment may be noxious stimuli, social stressors, phenomenological stressors, or developmental stressors; all of which are discussed. In conclusion, the studies reviewed are suggested as failing to consider the large number of variables involved and in addition more work on the relationship between work stress and home life should be undertaken.     

影响零售业态选择和发展的因素

我国零售业将面临第四次零售革命 ,从经济发展水平、消费需求变化、竞争、管理和零售业态的生命周期规律等五个方面详细论述了影响零售业态选择和发展的因素 ,为零售业未来业态选择提供依据。     

黑龙江省发展加工贸易的影响因素与战略思路

加工贸易己成为我国对外贸易的主要方式 ,但黑龙江加工贸易发展还比较滞后。从内因分析 ,黑龙江具有政策、比较成本及环境方面的内在优势 ,同时存在一些制约因素 :从外因分析 ,中国加入WT0 ,国家实施振兴东北战略将有利于黑龙江发展加工贸易 ,同时也存在一些不利因素。文章在分析内外因的基础上 ,提出黑龙江发展加工贸易的战略思路以促进其加快发展。     

ENTENSITY OF FAMILY DISAGREEMENT OVER FINANCES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS*

Results from survey research using regression techniques indicate that disagreement over family finances for men was a function of management practices (negative), years married (negative), and wife's employment, with those who had part-time employed wives reporting more disagreement than those with non-employed wives. Disagreement over family finances for women was a function of frequency of communication (negative), perceived future financial security (negative), and wife's employment, with full-time employed wives reporting less disagreement over finances than non-employed wives. Since the stress and reduced maximization of resources implied by the high percentage of families reporting intense disagreement over finances ultimately affect their well-being, it is imperative that the skills of financial management and communication be developed through counselling and education.     

FACTORS RELATED TO HOUSEHOLD AND CHILD CARE TASK RESPONSIBILITY OF SPOUSES IN HOUSTON,TEXAS

What are the differences in household and child care task responsibility by the employment role responsibility of spouses? What are the differences in the relationships between task preference, quality of task performance, and sex-role ideology and household and child care task responsibility of spouses by the employment role responsibility of the spouses? What are the most important variables in determining household and child care responsibility? Data were collected from a random sample of wives and husbands in Houston, Texas. The sample (n = 151) was generally characterized as white, middle-aged, upper income, and middle class. Wives who shared the employment role had less responsibility for female and child care tasks and husbands had more responsibility for female tasks than spouses in families in which the husband had total responsibility for the employment role. However, spouses who shared the employment role maintained major responsibility for their traditional household and child care tasks. Although liking of the tasks, quality of task performance, and sex-role attitudes were related to household and child care task responsibility, these relationships were not significantly different when the employment role was shared or was the total responsibility of the husband. Multiple regression analyses revealed that quality of task performance was the most frequent significant variable in determining household and child care task responsibility. Implications and recommendations are given.     

浅论产业政策的有效性及其影响因素

制定并实施了产业政策 ,能否实现预期的产业政策目标并促进产业的发展 ?能够在多大的程度上达到这一目标并促进产业的发展 ?这就是产业政策的有效性问题。只有通过对产业政策有效性进行分析 ,才能发现在产业政策的制定、实施过程所存在的问题 ,以积累经验 ,改进未来的产业政策实践工作。作为产业政策研究的重要内容 ,产业政策的有效性问题已经受到人们越来越多的重视。     

我国服务贸易竞争力的影响因素与相关性分析

文章根据迈克尔.波特的国家竞争优势理论,从生产要素、需求状况、相关支持产业、企业组织战略及政府作用五个方面分析了影响服务贸易的因素。并对各因素与服务贸易出口进行了回归分析,找出各因素对竞争力影响的大小,为制定相关政策提供依据。     

THE EFFECT OF ACTIVATION OF THE OXIDATION REACTION OF SODIUM PERBORATE ON THE CLEANING OF TEXTILES AND THE CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bleaching efficiency of activated sodium perborate at low washing temperatures and the resulting energy saving. The comparison of the washing efficiency of basic and activated detergent was based on practical washing tests. The types of dirt used were coffee, fruit juice, tea, blood and a soot-oil mixture. The washing temperatures were 50, 60, 70 and 80°C. The cleanness of the washing was determined by a whiteness measurement. The consumption of electrical energy was measured with a kWh-meter. The higher the temperature, the more effectively all the types of dirt were removed from the textiles. With activated detergent a cleanness was obtained at 50°C and 60°C that was almost as good as with basic detergent at 80°C. The coloured types of dirt washed out more easily than blood or the soot and oil mixture. An average saving of 20% in the consumption of energy was obtained when the washing temperature was lowered by 10°C. With activated detergent, 45% of the energy consumed using basic detergent was saved with no reduction in the final cleanness.     

鞋类卫生性能的评定及相关影响因素探析

鞋类卫生性能由于受诸多因素影响而难以量化评定。目前可通过检测鞋类材料的透气性、透水汽性、吸湿性、保温性、耐菌性等一系列指标,对成鞋的卫生性能状况进行总体评定。本文通过分析探讨鞋面材料、鞋里材料、胶粘剂、结构设计等方面的影响因素,为合理选用鞋类材料,提高卫生性能提供参考。     

A SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGER SELECTION METHODOLOGY: EMPIRICAL TEST AND SUGGESTED APPLICATION

With the expanding global economy, no managerial position requires a broader set of skills than that of the supply chain manager. Understanding the complexities of filling this vital managerial position, recent conceptual research has called for the development of a tool designed to identify the top candidates for supply chain positions. This research presents a full test of a three hurdle methodology for supply chain manager selection. Empirical results reported here suggest that managers must possess superior general mental aptitude, need for achievement, and adaptability for firms to maximize performance.