跨国公司转移定价研究

伴随全球经济一体化的进程加速,跨国企业集团应运而生,集团内部交易的转移定价问题突显。本文从现阶段跨国公司转移定价存在的问题及成因分析入手,建立了实现利润最大化集团目标的转移定价指标模型。并针对我国跨国企业集团现状进行探讨,提出相应的对策建议。     

基于B—S模型的土地信托受益凭证的定价分析

从城市地租、地价理论分析入手,探讨城市土地信托受益凭证的内容及实现形式,尝试提出基于Black—Scholes模型的土地信托受益凭证的定价思路,指出以城市土地资产未来稳定收益进行金融创新,是进行土地收益市场化配置的必然选择,应加强土地资产证券化的市场机制建设,为土地金融创新提供制度保障。     

Market Mechanism Choice and Real Estate Disposition: Search Versus Auction

We propose a model of mechanism choice in the disposition of real estate assets where we consider two alternatives: a search market and an auction. Within the search framework, we derive an equilibrium whereby buyers incur search costs and sellers incur holding costs for the period during which the property is not sold. In the auction alternative, the seller joins an existing pool of sellers in undertaking a multiple–object auction and pays a commission upon sale. Buyers and sellers freely choose their mechanisms, which in equilibrium are optimal given each group's conjectures about the mechanism choice of their counterpart. In equilibrium, an agent cannot benefit from deviating from his choice and each agent's beliefs are consistent with the equilibrium outcome. It is shown that (a) buyers with high search costs will choose auctions because the auction payoff imposes an upper bound on buyers' gains from search, and (b) prices at auctions will be higher. Using vacant lot sales data and a method–of–moment estimator which accounts for the presence of an endogenous discrete mechanism choice variable, we estimated a hedonic regression to detect the price effect. It was determined that, on average, lots sold for $1.44 per square foot more in auctions than in the search market, as predicted by our model.     

Competition in a Dynamic Auction Market: Identification,Structural Estimation,and Market Efficiency

The model incorporates an infinite series of auctions for identical items (or close substitutes) ordered over time and bidders with unit demand. The participants of each auction are drawn from a dynamic pool, with losing bidders remaining in the pool of potential bidders. The number of bidders in each auction is unobservable. Risk‐neutral, forward‐looking bidders submit bids below valuation. A novel identification and estimation strategy is used to estimate the valuation distribution from an order statistic of the bids. The model is used to evaluate the efficiency of online auctions for a 60GB Apple iPod Video, compared to a perfect‐competition benchmark.     

世界LPG市场分析及预测

1985－2000年，世界LPG（液化石油气）需求迅速增长，2000年，苏伊士运河以东地区从长期的净出口地区变为净进口，而且这种状况将持续到2005年，预计到2005年，亚洲LPG总需求量将达到近7000万吨，亚洲将超过北美，成为LPG需求量最大的地区。随着亚洲地区LPG需求的增加和中东地区出口的减少，西非和阿尔及利亚LPG供应量的增加将弥补亚洲地区的供应短缺。从LPG的终端消费变化来看，民用方面增长量大的地区将是印度和中国，化工需求的增长主要出现在中东和西欧，而而受环保因素的强大推动，汽车燃料对LPG的利用将在中东、非洲、原苏联和东欧地区以年均6％以上的速度增长。据估计，到2005年，世界LPG需求将接近2．37亿吨，而总产量为2．37亿吨，供需基本平衡。     

异丙苯生产技术和市场分析

综述了国内外异丙苯生产技术发展动向和市场供需情况，对异丙苯的主要工艺技术指标进行了对比，并预测了异丙苯市场发展趋势。高选择性将是异丙苯生产技术趋势之一，随着异丙苯生产能力激增，建议有效抵御市场风险。     

Optimal Selling Mechanism,Auction Discounts and Time on Market

This article examines the optimal selling mechanism problem in real estate market using mean‐variance analysis and downside risk analysis. When sellers can choose between accepting the first offer above a reservation price or auctions (waiting an optimal and fixed time), sellers having higher risk aversion choose auctions and wait a fixed time while sellers having lower risk aversion choose an optimal reservation price and wait a random time. Positive auction discounts are compensated by reduced risks, and there exists a connection between liquidity risk and conditional auction discount. More (Fewer) sellers will choose to sell their houses through auctions in a hot (cold) market or when holding cost increases (decreases). When sellers choose auctions, sellers having higher risk aversion who have lower holding cost wait longer and obtain higher sale price. Loss‐averse sellers unanimously choose the mechanism of setting an optimal reservation price.     

An Empirical Analysis of UK Credit Card Pricing

Previous studies show that the credit card market is imperfectly competitive. Using a reduced form hedonic model, the current paper demonstrates a relationship between credit card interest rates and product differentiation characteristics. The characteristics capture issuers’ attempts to: (1) screen/separate customers with different default risk characteristics and (2) better meet heterogeneous customer preferences. The results are consistent with risk-based pricing and monopolistic competition in the credit card market.     

Market Share Inequality,the Number of Competitors,and the HHI: An Examination of Bank Pricing

This paper seeks to determine whether the Herfindahl--Hirschman index (HHI) adequately accounts for the roles of market share inequality and the number of competitors in explaining bank deposit and loan rates. This is been done by estimating deposit-rate and loan-rate equations in which the HHI is decomposed into components that reflect share inequality and number of competitors and, alternatively, by adding measures of share inequality and the number of competitors as additional explanatory variables. Results are inconclusive in the case of deposit rates but suggest that the HHI does not give sufficient weight to the number of competitors in explaining loan rates.     

Catch Animal Spirits in Auction: Evidence from New Zealand Property Market

Following the animal spirits theory proposed by Akerlof and Shiller, this article contributes to behavior economics by investigating the possibility of using auction sales data to capture evidence of irrational exuberance in the housing market. Using the monthly percentages of residential property auction sales for Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch regions in New Zealand from 2006 to 2015, and the exuberance testing method proposed by Phillips, Shi and Yu, we find that animal spirits have been developing in the Auckland housing market since 2013, but not in other regions. When compared to the results based on price‐to‐rent ratios, auction sales provide more meaningful results for identifying market‐wide irrational exuberance at an early stage. The causality test on price‐to‐rent ratios and auction sales volume shows that asset prices and animal spirits influence each other in the short run. In the long run, prices have significant effect on animal spirits, but not vice versa.     

环氧丙烷生产技术和市场分析

综述了国内外环氧丙烷生产技术动向和市场供需情况，介绍了各种丙烯氧化制环氧丙烷新工艺研究开发的进展，预测了国内外环氧丙烷市场供需趋势，并对我国环氧丙烷的生产技术发展提出了建议。     

信任、声誉机制在虚拟企业治理中作用研究

结合虚拟企业的动态性和间续式结盟特点,探讨了信任、声誉机制在虚拟企业治理中作用。把信任区分为能力信任、善意信任、完整性信任。声誉机制和不同种类信任结合在虚拟企业各阶段作用不同。在虚拟企业构建期,能力信任是结盟合作的基础,声誉机制使得虚拟企业合作伙伴快速选择成为可能。在运行期,主要体现为善意信任的协调功能,声誉机制的稳定功能。在解体期,完整性信任和声誉结合发挥着重要作用。     

An Approach to Industrial Real Estate Market Segmentation and Valuation Using the Arbitrage Pricing Paradigm

This paper investigates whether a segmented market exists for industrial real estate with respect to risk and return characteristics. Given the existence of industrial market segmentation, the next issue examined is whether a submarket perspective or an integrated real estate market orientation provides better rate of return estimates for individual industrial properties using an Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) framework. The results support the existence of regional markets for industrial real estate. A submarket orientation rather than an integrated perspective is also found more appropriate in predicting returns on industrial real estate.     

An Analysis of Office Market Rents: Some Empirical Evidence

This paper provides an empirical analysis of office building rents using data for a five-year period in a medium- sized city. The results indicate that rent levels respond to various factors in the expected manner: rents vary systematically across classes of buildings and locations, overall market conditions have a significant impact on rents, and contract variations are associated with rent differences. We also present the first evidence at the building level on the rent-vacancy adjustment process. The results show a significant relationship between rent changes and vacancies.     

以通过ISO9002认证为契机提高企业市场竞争力

ISO是国际标准化组织(The In-ternational Organization ForStandardization)的英文缩写。该组织是由各国标准化团体组成的世界性的联合会。ISO9000族质量认证体系是由国际标准化组织的技术委员会(ISO/TC176)制定,并于1987年3月正式发     

浅谈公司内部市场信息化管理

文章分析了内部市场信息化的背景,介绍了内部市场信息化的内涵和构成要素及其特点,构建了内部市场信息管理机制,阐述了实施内部市场信息化管理给企业带来的变化。     

Market Structure and the Pricing of Electricity and Natural Gas

US Electricity and natural gas markets have traditionally been serviced by one of two market structures. In some markets, electricity and natural gas are sold by a regulated dual-product monopolist, while in other markets, electricity and natural gas are sold by separate regulated single-product monopolies. I analyze whether electricity and natural gas prices depend on the market structure and compare these results to the predictions of a number of theories. The results are most consistent with the political economy theories suggesting that regulators respond to interest group activity.     

企业性质新论:要素产权与企业产权之交易契约的履行过程

从交易对象看，要素所有者与企业之间的交易是一种产权交易，而不是要素所有者单方面转移要素使用权，要素所有者分享到的企业收益是其行使企业产权的报酬。企业性质是要素产权与企业产权之交易契约的履行过程。履行产权交易契约，在一级市场上表现为．要素所有者投入要素而换取企业产权，以创立企业；在企业内部表现为，具体安排和执行企业产权的权利，以确保企业运营和收益合理分配。在二级市场上表现为，产权交易契约的部分解除与重建，即部分企业产权在同类要素所有者之间的交易或转移以及部分要素（资产）的更新。     

质量规制有效性和消费者信任的市场均衡效应

产品质量规制有效性和消费者信任对市场均衡具有重要影响,引入预期产品质量水平和能够检测出假冒高质量产品概率两个变量,分别表示消费者对产品质量信任状况和产品质量规制有效性,研究产品质量规制有效性和消费者对产品质量信任对产品均衡价格和数量的影响.结果表明无论是国内市场还是出口市场,消费者对产品质量信任状况对高质量产品市场均衡价格和均衡数量都有正向影响;而质量规制有效性对高质量产品市场均衡价格有正向影响,对均衡数量有负向影响.     

亚太地区润滑油市场分析与预测

2000－2010年亚洲主要国家的润滑油需求将达到年均4．2％，远高于1990－1999年的年均增速2．7％。到2010年，亚太地区润滑油市场份额将达到世界的三分之一。虽然润滑油需求增长潜力巨大，但近期内润滑油生产商不得不对付生产能力过剩和利润极低的情况。亚在地区大部分过剩的能力只是用于生产低质量的基础油，而需求增大最快的是高质量的润滑油。虽然在润滑油质量标准上，亚太地区大部分国家落后于美国等发达国家，但美国等发达国家的标准将成为亚太地区润滑油的发展方向，亚太地区各国也都已经或正在采取步骤提高润滑油质量。今后10年亚太地区润滑油的市场规模和产品构成将发生重大变化。