关于准入制度与导游管理体制的思考

很多研究从不同视角就导游管理问题进行了深入探讨,提出的对策主要是两个方面:严格导游职业准入制度和完善相关管理体制。文章认为,职业准入制度的主要功能对于解决我国导游服务中存在的市场机会主义问题并不具有针对性,对于真正实现导游数量控制、提高导游服务质量作用有限。加强监管的思路是合理的,但如何监管需考虑行业管理制度与企业微观机制的衔接和相互影响,从制度建设方面引导旅行社自身组织结构优化。从市场关系看,导游具有独立性,又对旅行社具有从属性,旅行社才是市场责任主体,其追求利益的方式影响企业组织结构,决定了旅行社与导游之间的关系,进而影响导游的行为和服务质量。旅游行业管理应该建立以旅行社为核心的行业治理模式,明确和强化旅行社的质量责任主体地位,促进导游服务质量提升。     

心理契约与导游小费制度

本文运用新制度经济学、心理学、营销学等知识对导游小费制度进行解释和分析,认为导游小费是在旅游服务中,导游与游客之间心理契约的一种价格,是游客对遵守心理契约的导游人员付出的报酬.导游与游客间心理契约的不确定性决定着导游小费的不确定性.我国的导游小费制度推行的良好环境尚不具备,导游小费制度在我国发展,只能是在"纯玩团"内采取自愿性小费的形式.     

法经济学视角下的我国国内游导游执业危机解决路径研究

从法经济学视角对我国国内游导游职业和执业状况进行深入分析认为,导游人员薪酬制度改革并不能解决导游执业危机。解决国内游导游人员执业危机应从导游人员总量控制切入,改革导游职业准入制度,平衡导游数量规模与导游平均服务质量之间的关系,进而对旅行社和旅游市场产生良性影响。以改革导游职业准入制度为主线,辅之以导游人员素质培养和严格执法监督两种方式,才能提高导游平均服务质量,推进旅游市场健康发展。     

海峡两岸暨香港导游管理体制比较与启示

导游管理体制规定着导游资源配置的基本原则和方式方法。文章采用比较研究方法,依据大陆与香港、台湾现行导游管理法规条文,对海峡两岸暨香港导游管理体制模式进行了系统对比和分析。研究发现,海峡两岸暨香港导游管理因所处社会发展阶段、所依托旅游业发展模式不同,形成各具特色的发展路径和模式。其中,香港特区政府将导游职业管理权限赋予完全市场组织,政府只在立法与执法层面发挥作用;我国台湾地区主管部门导游管制强调采用市场方式,同时特别注重各主管部门间的分工协作,形成"协同治理"的管理模式。由此提出建议,大陆导游管理体制改革要强化市场机制主体地位,淡化行政管制措施,以及大力培育导游协会等中介组织,促进导游走职业化发展道路。     

中职旅游专业导游素质及能力的培养

在当前环境下,旅游行业的不断发展对导游人才的素质提出了新的要求。作为导游人才培养的摇篮,中职院校在旅游专业教学活动开展过程中,应该对导游人员的素质培养高度重视,构建更加科学的人才培养机制,满足企业对导游人才的多维需求。     

导游实践中的跨文化交流

导游员是旅游业的灵魂,在旅游产品转化为旅游消费的过程起着至关重要的作用。由于游客来源与背景等文化差异,这一转化过程受到不同文化因素的制约,而跨文化交流意识的养成与跨文化交流技巧的运用是使这一转化顺利实现必不可少的一种手段。在导游实践中,合理运用跨文化交流知识与技巧,将有助于实现旅游产业的最优化,促进和谐的导游与游客的关系。     

旅游景区的准入批量与最大容量分析

最近,学者黄羊山在多篇文章中对我国一些标准和规范里的旅游空间容量算法进行了一些探讨,并做出了重要改进。但是,其提出的"取小法"虽然能够保证了游客数不超过景点的容量限制,却没有考虑景点之间距离对容量的影响,且推导过程比较复杂难懂。文章以游客在景区中的移动行为为出发点,将景区旅游线路类比为旅游生产线,利用旅游生产线的平行移动特征,推导出在景区日开放时间内能够准入的游客批数和接待量模型。然后,利用景区内景点游览时间的最大公约数进行景点分解,按照分解后的子景点设置进入批量,从而分别给出了有游览顺序和无游览顺序的旅游高峰期的最大容量计算模型。最后实例计算表明,该方法确实可以在旅游高峰期尽量减少景点闲置提高接待量。     

对建立合理的导游人员职业机制问题的探讨

对导游人员的管理一直是一个世界性难题,文章从我国的具体国情出发,对建立合理的导游人员职业机制问题进行了研究。文章在阐述了当前的导游人员职业机制和分析其不合理之处的基础上,构建了一个以导游人员报酬机制为核心、同时兼及导游人员的隶属机制和日常管理机制的合理的导游人员职业机制模型,并在分析这一模型的基础上,对我国的导游人员管理机制改革进行了探讨。     

导游小费制度对国内旅游企业薪酬制度的启示

对导游人员的激励是旅行社人力资源管理的重要内容。本文通过对比国内外导游薪酬制度．认为西方小费制度在旅游服务行业发展起着积极的推动作用,同时指出国内旅游业．尤其是导游业界引进小费制度的必要性,并针对性地提出相应促进国内引进小费制度的措施。     

导游讲解对旅游景区形象建构的影响

在旅游行业中,导游服务是不可或缺的组成部分。基于此,本文以导游讲解对旅游景区形象影响作为研究的课题,在整理前期文献资料的基础上,对此课题提出了创新性的见解和看法,希望为导游讲解的优化完善提供一定的借鉴。     

The Impression Management Techniques of Tour Leaders in Group Package Tour Service Encounters

For group package tour settings, tour leaders may consciously or unconsciously utilize impression techniques to interact with groups. This study examines the impression behaviors of tour leaders based on a framework of five discrete techniques of impression management (ingratiation, self-promotion, exemplification, supplication, and intimidation). The findings of this study indicate the impressions of tour leaders as perceived by tourists can influence the personal interaction quality. Furthermore, the personal interaction quality can subsequently influence the repurchase intention of tourists, word-of-mouth communication, as well as the reputation of tour operators. The implications for tour operators and directions for future research are also discussed.     

The Relationships Between Emotional Intelligence,Job Stress,and Quality of Life Among Tour Guides

Considerable evidence supports the notion that higher job stress is associated with lower quality of life (QOL), which is an increasingly common indicator to assess an individual's general health status, mental health and well-being. Those with higher emotional intelligence (EI) levels are more aware of their emotions and have more effective coping strategies to deal with stress-related emotions, all of which lead to higher levels of well-being. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to explore the relationships between EI, job stress and QOL among tour guides, who significantly influence tourists' impressions of a destination. The obtained results indicated that EI was inversely correlated with occupational stress and positively associated with QOL, and a negative link was seen between job stress and QOL. In practice, the results can provide information for developing interventions to enhance tour guides' competencies of EI and stress management, which result in higher levels of QOL.     

European Silk Road Tourists' and Their Tour Guides' Perceptions of Product and Service Quality

Abstract

The development potential of the China Silk Road tour has been recognised by international organisations. In a preliminary survey product and service quality perceptions of 78 European Silk Road tourists and of 20 guides were assessed. The tourists were quite critical of food served outside their hotels, the interest created by the attractions, the friendliness of locals and the price and quality of souvenirs. In nearly all these aspects tour guides' assessment differed substantially from their clients'. These results indicate a need for product and service quality improvements, including tour guides' training, to realise the undoubted potential of China Silk Road tours.     

基于系统科学的旅游地演化机制及规律性初探

现阶段旅游地复杂系统演化相关研究成果一方面很难辨析旅游地生命周期理论及其个案论争,另一方面由于无法深入研究系统演化背后的运行机制及其规律性,从而无法形成理论研究体系与范式.有鉴于此,本文作者以系统科学为指导,在明确旅游地复杂系统演化涵义的基础上,以旅游地最根本矛盾--供求关系为线索构建系统演化模型,在辨析旅游地生命周期理论分歧问题的基础上诠释了旅游地复杂系统的演化机制及其规律性.     

旅游管理专业人才培养模式与质量保证体系研究

在高速发展的旅游业背景条件下 ,旅游管理专业人才的培养已成为一个极具现实和理论研究价值的焦点 ,本文剖析了我国旅游人才培养的现状 ,提出了旅游人才培养的相关模式 ,并建立了质量保证体系 ,以确保旅游人才的高品质素质并支撑旅游业的可持续发展。     

Tour Leaders' Impression Management and Job Performance: Exploring the Moderating Role of Tourists' Self-Monitoring

A tour leader (TL) is a first-line service provider whose performance shapes a tourist's experience and satisfaction during a journey. We examine the moderating effects of the self-monitoring level of group package tour members on the relationship between the use of impression management (IM) tactics by TLs and tourists' subsequent job performance ratings (PRs) of a TL. Data from 485 responses of tourists from 59 outbound tour groups in Taiwan revealed that TLs' use of positive IM tactics – that is, ingratiation, self-promotion, and exemplification – is positively related to tourists' PRs. In contrast, their use of non-positive IM tactics – that is, supplication and intimidation – is negatively related to tourists' PRs. Furthermore, tourists' self-monitoring appears to weaken the effects of supplication and intimidation on their PRs. We also found that tourists' level of self-monitoring is a stronger moderator when TLs use supplication than when they use other tactics.