利益均衡下农村金融机构与农户决策研究

2016年六部委联合发布关于金融助推脱贫攻坚的实施意见,在农村的金融市场中,农村金融机构是最重要的交易主体.在农村的借贷市场中,金融机构与农户之间是博弈的过程.本文力在农村金融机构与农户之间的借贷行为建立博弈模型,分析在制约条件下农村金融机构和农户的选择及可能产生的结果.实证发现,贷款利率、交易成本和农村项目回报率的预期成为农村金融机构是否发放贷款的关键,预期的不准确将会带来贷款的损失.根据博弈分析结果,提出利于农村金融发展的建议,采用有区别的贷款担保制度会利于提高农村金融机构的服务水平.     

农村信用体系建设对农户融资行为影响的博弈分析

农村信用体系建设的理论基础在于减少信息不对称和降低交易成本.通过建立不完全信息动态博弈模型和完全信息动态博弈模型,分别对尚未建立农村信用体系和已经建立农村信用体系两种情况下农村金融机构和农户的借款行为进行分析.不完全信息动态博弈分析表明,农村金融机构与农户双方的借贷行为无法实现最有效率的博弈均衡；而完全信息动态博弈分析...     

当前农户借贷需求特征变化之分析

农户未来借贷需求状况是过去的借贷经验、现有及未来家庭经济状况、农村借贷市场状况的综合反映,而农村金融体制改革和农村金融机构开发农村金融市场,不仅需要了解农户的已发生借贷行为,更需要把握反映农户预期的借贷意愿变化状况。本文通过对山东省的实地调查数据进行分析,发现山东省农户未来借贷需求变化的特征主要有：农户对未来借贷资金使用意愿的变化导致农户未来借贷意愿显著下降;农村信贷政策区域化特征形成了农户未来融资次序表现为亲戚、正规金融机构、朋友;农户的融资次序存在路径依赖现象。     

中国农户融资选择意愿研究——来自10省2万家农户借贷调查的证据

农村金融研究核心议题之一是农户融资行为特征问题。农户在自身积累、民间融资、正规金融机构融资等多种融资来源选择中,哪些因素影响着农户融资选择行为?同时,农户融资选择是否存在一定的融资次序?本研究应用2007年人民银行委托国家统计局在全国10省区调查获得的2万份调查问卷数据,进行了系统地实证研究。实证研究表明:(1)中国农户外出务工获得非农收入对农户借贷具有很强的替代性;(2)民间互助性借贷对正规金融机构贷款具有较强的替代性,而东部和中部相对发达地区对民间互助性借贷意愿更为强烈;(3)中国农户融资显著偏向内源融资,这集中反映了中国农户借贷行为具有道义小农假说的特点;同时,农户对商业性金融和互助性金融两种外源融资之间选择并不存在显著差异,两者之间存在选择的替代均衡。     

人际信任在农户借贷契约中的作用分析

农户与正式金融机构之间的交易成本高昂,导致农户在借贷时大多采用民间借贷的形式。而农村是一个熟人社会,所以农户借贷大都发生在熟人之间。本文从博弈的角度出发来分析农户在借贷契约签订时和出现违约行为时人际信任所发挥的作用。借款时,双方考虑的更多的是双方的人际信任,这里既有考虑能力信任即声誉价值又有考虑人品信任的行为;而在发生纠纷时,很少采用诉讼的方式来解决纠纷,通常是利用双方共同人品信任的第三方来进行调解。     

新疆农户非正规借贷行为影响因素实证分析

本文以新疆212户农户调查数据为基础,分析新疆农户非正规借贷行为特征,并运用STATA软件,采用Probit模型及Tobit模型,分别估计非正规借贷行为的借贷意愿及借贷规模的影响因素,结果表明：房屋价值、医疗支出、家庭与金融机构之间的距离和正规借贷利率是共同对农户非正规借贷意愿及借贷规模产生显著影响的因素。     

对新疆农户金融需求变化的观察与思考

<正>本文通过对新疆农村金融需求问卷调查①结果进行整理,发现:2008-2012年,新疆农户②资金需求量增加明显,贷款期限需求有所延长,农户贷款满足度显著提高,信用贷款比例增大,但借贷资金价格未有明显下降,民间借贷利率依然高于其他借贷方式,农户在金融机构融资难度变化不大,借贷资金来源主要是农村信用社,其他金融机构供给量持续保持较     

农户信用行为分析

农户信用行为不仅影响农户的金融能力,还影响农村金融机构的信贷决策,进而影响中国农村经济与农户经济的发展。本文基于中国农村经济发展中的农户信贷行为,研究在农村信贷过程中农户与农村金融机构之间的博弈,最后提出改进农户在信用博弈中的信用行为的方法。     

农户结构和行为对借贷倾向的影响研究——基于湖南2000户农户的问卷调查

基于湖南省2000户样本农户问卷调查数据,利用离散选择模型比较研究农户结构和行为对正规借贷和民间借贷供需倾向的影响发现,农户显性有效借贷需求严重不足,农户的结构和行为对其借贷需求倾向影响重大,农村金融中介的借贷供给倾向性非常明显。     

社会资本、金融素养与农户借贷行为——基于CHFS2015年数据的实证

论文利用中国家庭金融调查的微观数据,以农户为研究对象,采用Logit模型和负二项模型研究社会资本、金融素养对农户借贷行为的影响。研究发现:社会资本和金融素养对农户向正规金融机构的借贷行为存在正向影响,社会资本的影响显著,而金融素养的影响不显著。社会资本与金融素养对农户借贷行为的交互作用并不明显,社会资本中的转移性收支、个人声望和对家庭的重视程度与金融素养的交互作用显著。对于农户向非正规金融机构借贷的行为,社会资本和金融素养仍对其有正向影响,只是社会资本影响不显著,金融素养有显著影响。社会资本除对60岁以上年龄段农户向非正规金融机构的借贷行为影响为负,对不同地区农户正规借贷行为均有显著影响,金融素养对东部地区农户正规借贷行为和中西部地区农户的非正规借贷都有显著的正向影响。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.