西部地区高技术产业集聚创新实证研究

高技术产业发展对一个国家或地区产业结构优化升级具有重要的作用,是创新驱动经济高质量发展的支柱。基于西部地区面板数据,通过实证分析高技术产业集聚影响因素,研究结论显示:人力资本、基础设施建设及技术创新对西部地区高技术产业集聚具有明显的促进作用。投资水平和市场化水平作用不显著,说明近十年西部地区对高技术产业投资不足以支持其集聚水平的提升,同时,市场化在资源有效配置中尚未充分发挥作用。     

"营改增"对高技术服务企业盈利能力的影响效应——基于双重差分模型的实证研究

为推动产业转型升级,我国大力促进高技术服务业发展,"营改增"政策显著提高了高技术服务企业以净资产收益率为表征的盈利能力,但对高技术服务企业盈利能力的影响存在一定滞后性."营改增"政策对经济发展水平较高地区、中间投入水平高及人力资本投入低的高技术服务企业的影响效应更为突出.因此,政府部门应考虑到高技术服务企业对人力资本的...     

科技创新、产业结构升级与区域碳排放强度——基于空间计量模型的实证分析

基于我国2009—2019年省际面板数据,构建空间杜宾模型,实证分析了科技创新、产业结构升级与区域碳减排的关系.实证分析结果表明:我国碳排放强度在地区之间具有正向作用机制;科技创新、产业机构升级以及二者的交互关联作用对区域碳排放强度的降低具有积极显著的作用,并且人力资本、对外开放、基础设施水平、宏观税负、公共服务水平等因素都会对区域碳排放强度产生一定的影响.通过中介机制效应检验发现,科技创新与产业结构升级可以相互促进,并能够作为彼此的中介变量加快地区碳排放强度的降低,且提高能源效率也是二者间接影响区域碳减排的重要传导路径.     

增值税转型对高技术产业的影响

税收体制上来看,生产型增值税制已成为高技术产业发展的一大阻碍。将生产型增值税改为消费型增值税对推动我国高技术产业的快速发展将产生积极的影响。1.推动科技进步,加快高技术产业化和传统产业高技术化科技进步是影响产业结构升级最基本的因素。科技进步导致新技术不断产生,     

数字经济对医药制造业产业结构升级的影响测度

在测度数字经济发展水平和医药制造业产业结构升级的基础上,采用贝叶斯模型平均（BMA）对影响中国医药制造业产业结构升级的诸多因素的有效性和稳健性进行了识别与检验。结果表明：第一,数字经济发展水平对中国医药制造业产业结构高级化有着显著的促进效应,对医药制造业产业结构合理化有着轻微的抑制效应;第二,技术创新、工业化程度、对外开放程度、政府宏观控制、人口密度与发展程度等因素对中国医药制造业产业结构升级具有一定的影响效应,对外开放水平对中国医药制造业产业结构高级化与合理化均有显著的正向促进作用。     

技术创新对产业结构的影响

创新理论是由熊彼特在<经济发展理论>中首次提出的,我国产业结构的现状需要技术创新,技术创新通过多种形式影响产业结构升级.技术创新对产业结构的升级也有很大的推动作用,所以我们应该积极为技术创新创造环境.     

技术创新与产业结构升级：金融发展的门槛效应

技术创新是驱动产业结构升级的根本动力，而金融发展在驱动过程中起着关键作用。本文分析了不同金融发展水平下技术创新驱动产业结构升级的理论机制，并以1999-2020年中国省级面板数据为样本，采用非线性面板门槛模型，以金融发展水平为门槛变量，实证分析了技术创新对产业结构升级的驱动作用。研究表明：金融发展在区域技术创新驱动产业结构升级过程中起着重要的助推作用；技术创新对产业结构的驱动作用是非线性的，当区域金融发展水平提升至一定水平之上，技术创新对产业结构升级的驱动作用能更好地显现；东部地区技术创新对产业结构的驱动作用比西部地区更大，在技术创新驱动产业结构升级的金融发展门槛效应中，东部地区的金融发展水平门槛值高于西部地区。因此，完善地方金融发展体系、提高地方金融发展水平、提升金融服务实体经济效率是助推技术创新驱动产业结构升级的有效途径之一。     

高技术产业集聚对区域创新的影响:促进还是阻碍?

本文分析了高技术产业集聚的非线性影响,应用门槛回归模型,以高技术产业集聚水平作为门槛变量,基于2000～2017年中国30个省际的面板数据实证分析高技术产业集聚对区域技术创新的门槛效应。结果表明:在区域技术创新系统内各因素的影响下,高技术产业集聚水平对区域技术创新存在单一门槛效应,当高技术产业集聚水平(区位熵)低于0.8500时,高技术产业集聚对区域技术创新具有显著促进作用;当超过0.8500时,高技术产业集聚对区域技术创新则表现出明显的抑制作用。     

外商直接投资对上海产业结构升级效应的实证分析

外商直接投资对东道国的效应包括资本效应、技术效应、贸易结构效应、产业关联效应、市场结构效应以及人力资源开发效应等,其中对产业结构升级有密切联系的是技术效应和产业关联效应。为了说明外商直接投资对上海产业结构升级的作用,可以利用格兰杰因果关系检验法给出外商直接投资与上海产业结构变动之间的因果关系,检验结果表明两者之间的因果关系并不显著。要强化外商直接投资对上海产业结构升级的效应,就必须加强对外商直接投资的技术要求,增强上海本地的自主技术开发,推动跨国公司加强本地采购,注意外资对我国产业的垄断问题以避免它对上海的产业发展造成不利影响。     

金融支持促进高技术产业技术创新成效的区域性差异研究

基于随机效应面板泊松回归模型,考量不同类型的金融支持措施对我国东、中、西区域高技术产业技术创新活动的影响。结果表明：政府的资金支持促进了东、中、西各区域高技术产业的技术创新,资本市场的金融支持只对东、中部区域的高技术产业的技术创新有促进作用,金融机构的金融支持只对西部区域的高技术产业技术创新有促进作用,金融支持对高技术产业技术创新的作用存在显著的区域性差异。通过加大政府支持的力度和体现区域差异、建设西部地区资本市场发展的共享机制、提升金融机构风险管理技术水平等措施可以提升金融支持促进高技术产业技术创新的效果。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.