浅谈海洋管道铺设方法

随着国内外对于海洋油气资源的日益重视，海底管道日益蓬勃发展，对管道施工方法的选择和铺设技术也越来越高。本文通过对中缅油气海底管道铺设的实例，综合介绍并比较了海底管道的各种施工方法，具有一定的参考价值。     

浅析DP船冬季海底双层保温管道铺设

海底管道是海洋油气资源开发的生命线，对海洋石油与天然气的生产、运输起着关键性的作用。依托M海管更换项目，对动力定位船冬季进行双层保温海底管道S形铺设开展研究。以梳理主辅作业线施工流程为基础，从完善施工准备、改进作业流程、提升焊接质量、加强焊接管理等方面，为应对冬季海况恶劣、提升铺管效率提出了若干施工策略，并为海管铺设现场施工信息的数字化建设提出建议。     

海底电缆铺设转盘研究

海洋资源已经成为我国越来越重要的资源，海底电缆作为非常重要的信号和动力等传输工具，在海洋资源的开发过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。现阶段如何高效安全的进行海底店电缆的铺设，是需要重点研究解决的问题。文章通过调研分析，结合海底管道铺设的现状，开展了高效的海底电缆铺设转盘的设计研究，通过对于提高海底电缆的效率和安全性具有重要的意义。     

海底石油管线使用中的维护和检测技术探讨

目前海洋石油已经是我国的主要开采石油基地,海底石油的开采已经成为了人们关注的课题。海底管线是海洋油气的运输与储存系统的重要组成部分。我国目前所铺设的海底管线长达数千公里,然而随着使用时间的不断推移,有些海底管道出现了不同程度的老化。针对海底石油管线在使用过程中出现的一些问题,本文介绍了在使用过程中的一些维护方法,以及对其进行检测的技术作了一些探讨,希望能对海底石油管道的维护与检测工作有所帮助。     

西-阿海底天然气管道铺设即将完成

据委内瑞拉报道，阿尔及利亚能源部日前说，连接西班牙和阿尔及利亚的海底天然气管道的铺设作业即将完成。 阿尔及利亚能源部说，意大利石油公司Saipem已经完成Medgaz管道阿尔及利亚控制的海上部分的管道铺设作业。目前仅剩下阿尔及利亚国内的压缩站和西班牙境内的陆上连接需要完成。     

近海在役管道安全可靠性评估技术研究

介绍了作者在近海现役管道安全可靠性评估技术领域的研究进展,其中包括腐蚀管线剩余强度评估、海底管道裂纹评定与寿命预测、立管结构完整性与安全可靠性评估、海底管线管跨段涡激振动下疲劳可靠性的精细评估和近海在役管道安全评估软件系统开发等。     

海管首次通球清管作业实践与效果探究

油气管道是输送油气介质的重要通道,遍布于石油石化行业领域。尤其是在海上油气田开发开采集输过程中,油气管道扮演着不可替代的重要角色。在海洋油田群各个平台之间,则需要新建铺设海底管道(下称“海管”)进行连通上下游实现油气输送。伴随着新建铺设海管的投入生产使用时间的推移,将会出现杂质沉降堆积、结垢、腐蚀等一系列的问题,影响海管的使用寿命及输送能力,因此需要定期进行通球清管作业。文章针对某油田试生产投产后的首次通球技术实践进行探究分析。     

海底混输管内腐蚀风险因素识别及腐蚀因素

海底管道腐蚀是影响海底管道延寿期的主要因素,考虑到海底管道后期开发生产的要需求,文章对惠州油田某海底油水混输管道进行了腐蚀风险因素的识别和腐蚀原因的分析。通过分析历年监测的海底管道内细菌、CO₂和H₂S含量以及腐蚀挂片、防垢挂片的数据以及管道的内检测结果,明晰了引起管道腐蚀的因素,得出了管道主要存在细菌腐蚀、CO₂/H₂S的交替腐蚀及垢下腐蚀。同时,通过模拟分析发现管内油水两相的流型也是影响腐蚀严重程度的重要因素。     

海底管道铺管施工安装方法研究

当前中国的石油危机比其他国家都要严重,开发海底石油成了事关中国未来经济能否持续发展的关键,这就必须做好海底道铺管施工安装的工作,选择科学的铺设方法对石油的安全运输有着重大影响。     

玻璃钢夹砂管施工质量控制

介绍了玻璃钢管耐腐蚀、轻质高强、输送流量大、安装方便等优点,成为输水工程的最佳选择。叙述了在玻璃钢夹砂管道施工的前期准备、沟槽开挖、施工排水、基础处理、管道铺设、沟槽回填等工序中,如何做好施工质量控制。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.