旅游购物体验要素对顾客价值及其满意和购买意向的影响

旅游者进行高质量的旅游体验并实现其体验价值是其旅游的重要目的.旅游购物是旅游过程的一个重要环节,也是旅游体验的组成部分.本文剖析了旅游者购物过程中的顾客价值的两个构成维度--旅游体验价值和商品感知价值,研究发现旅游者购物体验的4个要素对顾客价值有重要的影响作用,顾客价值对旅游者购物满意和购买意向具有很强的影响力.     

作为意向性的旅游:兼论旅游世界的时空构造

从纯粹客观论角度研究旅游世界可能会遮蔽这一重要概念的研究潜力.文章运用现象学方法,从主观视角出发研究旅游世界的时空维度经由体验而构造的问题,得出以下结论:(1)旅游世界的空间经由旅游者感知意识和旅游客体共同生成,旅游者经由"去远"使得旅游世界上到眼前,其空间呈现为一种感知场域的扩充;(2)旅游世界的时间经由内时间意识流构造而成,呈现为"期待-当下感知-回忆"三重维度的叠加融合,表现为与意识生活相勾连的延展;(3)旅游是一种独特的意向性,是人类在自由的意识状态下朝向世界的方式.旅游世界由旅游者主体和旅游客体相互作用而共同生成.     

旅游地属性与旅游者感知态度和购后行为的关系——以九寨沟风景区为例

识别旅游地的属性对于旅游地形象、满意度以及旅游者的重游意愿和推荐意愿的效用是非常重要的.本文以九寨沟风景区为案例,采用因子分析和回归分析等方法,研究发现:①九寨沟风景区地方属性可以分为资源价值和人文环境氛围、接待服务、自然旅游资源和环境3个维度.②不是九寨沟所有的地方属性都对其形象的形成、满意度、重游意愿和推荐意愿有显著作用,在18个属性中只有11个属性与旅游者的感知态度和购后行为有关.可以构建旅游地属性与旅游者的感知和态度关系的结构模型.③九寨沟风景区地方属性的效用和感知质量的高低是不完全耦合关系.研究可以为旅游地的旅游开发与管理提供建议,有助于旅游地采取针对性的改善措施与市场营销策略.     

从城市意象到街道体验--城市旅游多层级消费决策中的景观迭代过程

旅游过程作为一种时序性、多节点的谱状和网状相联结的结构,决定了旅游者的感知与决策行为的复杂性和续贯性,影响着旅游体验的质量,由此构成了一个重要的研究课题。文章着眼旅游者个体在选择城市景观作为体验对象时的感知-决策过程,利用扎根理论的方法,以国内15个知名旅游街道的线上评论和相关网络游记为材料,分析旅游者街道景观的感知-决策过程,发展出"景观迭代"这一用以解释该过程的核心范畴。研究表明,第一,旅游者的城市景观感知-决策是一个"城市景观-街道景观-街道构景"的景观迭代过程,每次迭代都遵循相似的"感知-对比-选择"程序;第二",凸起感"是每一层级旅游决策的核心所在,各次迭代过程中的决策行为都建立在对"凸起感"感知的基础上;第三,旅游决策过程中交织着预算型决策和冲动型决策两种类型,从城市景观到街道场景进而到街道构景的整体决策迭代过程中,越接近具体的旅游情境,冲动型决策的特征越明显。研究进一步将旅游决策的情境化取向这一命题予以巩固,在一定程度上深化了对旅游体验的感知及决策过程的认识,对理解旅游者的行为、指导城市旅游景观尤其是街道场景、街道构景的规划和营销,均有一定的现实意义。     

旅游者对黑衣壮民族文化的真实性感知差异与满意度

民族文化旅游开发中文化异化的现象日益凸显,旅游者对民族文化的真实性提出质疑.在旅游活动中,游客对民族文化真实性的感知存在着3种差异:游客感知同一种民族文化的真实性程度(真实度)的差异;旅游者对民族文化真实性的感知与期望之间的差异;旅游者对民族文化真实性的感知与实际情形的差异.这3种差异在一定程度上对游客满意度有着正面或负面影响.本文将以黑衣壮民族文化旅游为例,在分析这3种差异的基础上,试图揭示这3种差异与游客满意度之间的关系.     

旅游信息价值维度及模型研究

旅游信息价值研究是旅游科学适应旅游业信息化快速趋势的必要课题,其构成及其感知差异研究,可以丰富旅游信息科学的研究内容,对于优化旅游企业与目的地的信息设计、传播与管理实践具有重要指导作用.综合国内外已有研究成果,文章设计通用性的旅游信息价值测量指标,通过两轮问卷调查和数据分析,验证得出旅游信息价值的二阶双因素模型为最优模型.两个二阶因素分别是功能价值和体验价值,前者包括风险规避价值、实用价值,后者包括享乐价值、社交价值和自我实现价值.在此基础上,进一步评估了旅游者信息价值构成维度的重要性程度与人群感知差异,发现功能价值的感知重要性略高于体验价值,而且,不同性别、职业、文化程度与家庭人均月收入均会导致相应的价值维度的感知重要性存在分异.在营销实践中,不仅要统筹发展旅游信息多样化功能,提升旅游信息总体感知价值,还要注意旅游信息价值的分级、分类管理,提高营销效率.     

旅游者恢复性环境感知的结构模型和感知差异

旅游者对恢复性环境的感知是旅游者对旅游目的地的一种综合性体验,是旅游者与旅游地环境相互作用的结果。文章以九寨沟国内旅游者为研究对象,基于一致性、新奇、迷人、逃逸和兼容性5个维度,探讨了旅游者恢复性环境感知特征及其差异,检验了恢复性环境感知维度间的影响关系。研究结果表明:(1)由一致性、新奇、迷人、逃逸和兼容性5个维度组成的恢复性环境感知量表具有较好的信度和效度。(2)九寨沟旅游者的恢复性环境感知在一致性、新奇和兼容性等3个维度上存在一定差异。(3)恢复性环境感知的5个维度间并不是独立的,而是一种具有影响关系的结构。一致性维度对新奇、迷人、逃逸和兼容性维度具有显著的正向影响,新奇维度对迷人、逃逸和兼容性维度具有显著的正向影响,表明旅游者恢复性环境感知是一个渐进式的心理感知过程。     

中西方文化遗产旅游者顾客价值差异研究——以旅西游客为例

本文通过多维度多指标体系构建了文化遗产旅游者顾客价值的测量量表,对比分析了中西方游客游览前后的顾客价值差异。研究发现,文化遗产旅游者顾客价值由6个维度构成,各维度相关性从大到小依次为享乐价值、社会价值、质量价值、服务价值、效率价值和成本价值。游览前,除质量价值外,中西方游客在各价值维度上的预期均存在显著差异;游览后,中西方游客在成本价值和享乐价值的感知上存在显著差异。     

“旅游者生成内容”对旅游意向的影响机制研究——基于SOR-TAM整合模型的实证研究

在社交网络不断渗透日常生活的今天,很少有研究关注网络社交平台中旅游者生成内容对旅游意向的影响。文章以SOR理论模型为基础,探讨在网络社交平台中旅游者生成内容的刺激下,经过感知信任和感知有用性的认知评价,进而促进旅游意向的过程。通过对303名旅游者进行问卷调查,分析旅游者生成内容如何影响旅游意向。回归分析结果表明,网络社交平台中的旅游者生成内容的丰富性、及时性、互动性、娱乐性对旅游意向的直接效应显著;也会通过感知信任和感知有用性产生间接效应。文章丰富了旅游者生成内容研究领域的成果,也为旅游业的社交网络营销策略提供了一定指导和建议。     

旅游目的地感知形象非结构化测量应用研究——以访澳商务游客形象感知特征为例

旅游感知形象的测量方法可大体分为两类,一类为结构化的测量方法,另一类为非结构化的测量方法。非结构化形象测量虽然能够更为全面地了解游客的感知要素和属性,但分析方法目前还停留在一般频数统计和比例分析及排序等层面,对游客在形象感知方面的特征分析及旅游目的地形象优化等方面意义不大。文章尝试将内容分析法引入旅游形象感知的非结构化测量中,用以协助挖掘非结构化形象感知的数据,从而实现提取旅游者的感知形象、解析旅游者形象感知规律,以及探讨影响旅游者对外推广旅游形象意愿的目的地形象要素等目的。具体研究上,文章以艾特纳与瑞奇提出的旅游目的地形象测量问卷为基础,并对其进行调整形成最终的调研工具,然后以商务游客为研究对象进行非结构化形象感知数据的获取,并借助内容分析法来处理非结构化形象测量的信息。最终发现,访澳商务人士对澳门旅游形象的总体感知为：集聚博彩娱乐、各类节庆活动和特色美食的休闲小城,拥有欧式文化和美丽古朴的城市景观。居民态度、交通设施以及经济发展态势等形象要素的正面感知会令旅游者更愿意推广澳门旅游。餐饮产品、社会文化氛围以及政治历史等形象要素的正面感知会对旅游者推广澳门旅游的意愿有帮助。而社会文化与氛围、自然资源与环境以及服务质量的负面感知会增强旅游者不推荐他人来澳门旅游的意愿。     

滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值的影响因素研究——以广西北海银滩国家级旅游度假区为例

把握影响游客感知价值的关键因素,有助于促进旅游目的地竞争力的提升。以广西北海银滩国家级旅游度假区为研究区域,采用携程旅行网北海银滩游客网络评论资料作为研究样本,运用扎根理论方法构建包括5个主范畴和18个对应范畴的滨海游客感知价值影响因素模型,并运用复杂系统的决策实验和评估实验法（Decision making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory,DEMATEL）模型构建滨海游客感知价值影响因素的关系矩阵,识别影响滨海游客感知价值的关键因素。研究发现：资源和环境、管理和保护、设施和服务、情感和成本价值构成了滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值的重要维度,天气条件、海滩规模、海滩管理和保护、游客愉悦感、游客娱乐体验项目、旅游基础设施及服务是影响滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值的关键因素。据此提出促进我国滨海旅游目的地游客感知价值提升的相关建议。     

Managing customer citizenship behaviour: The moderating roles of employee responsiveness and organizational reassurance

This study examines the influence of employee responsiveness and organizational reassurance towards customer citizenship behaviour (CCB) on building guest satisfaction, loyalty, and perceived value. The study considers insights from concepts in psychology including attachment theory, self-congruity theory, affect infusion model, and social exchange theory which are relevant to the problematics of CCB. The scenario-based experimental design used in this study focuses on one aspect of CCB identified in extant literature: the policing of other customers. In a hospitality context, guests voluntarily participate in safeguarding an organization's quality when they identify areas that may be impacted by opportunistic behaviours of fellow guests. This context is highly relevant in hospitality and tourism settings where the behaviour of one individual may directly impact the experience of another given the co-creation of experience in a shared environment. Both employee responsiveness and organizational reassurance were found to significantly moderate guest satisfaction, loyalty and perceived value.     

Developing and validating a mobile catering app success model

This study develops and validates a mobile catering app success model based on the e-commerce system success model and marketing literature. Specifically, a research model which describes the relationships among system quality, information quality, service quality, product quality, perceived price, perceived promotions, perceived value, user satisfaction, intention to reuse, and eWOM is examined. Data collected from an online survey are analyzed against the research model using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that product quality, perceived price, perceived promotions, and eWOM can be added to the e-commerce system success model to form a mobile catering app success model. Additionally, the findings show that perceived value influences eWOM more strongly than does user satisfaction while user satisfaction affects intention to reuse more strongly than does perceived value. The findings of this study provide several important theoretical and practical implications for developing a successful mobile catering app.     

Destination Image,Novelty, Hedonics,Perceived Value,and Revisiting Behavioral Intention for Island Tourism

This paper examines tourists’ experience of island tourism and investigates the causal relationships between the destination image, novelty, hedonics, perceived value, and revisiting behavioral intention. A total of 355 respondents completed a survey conducted on Green Island (Lyudao in Chinese), Taiwan. Using structural equation modeling, the results of the analysis supported the proposed revisiting behavioral intention model as follows: (1) the destination image had a significant and positive influence on novelty, hedonics, and perceived value; (2) tourists’ perceptions of the novelty of island tourism had a significant and positive influence on hedonics, but the effect on perceived value was insignificant; (3) hedonics had a significant and positive effect on perceived value; and (4) perceived value had a significant and positive influence on revisiting behavioral intentions. The empirical results indicate that the destination image leads to a greater perception of novelty, promotes hedonics and perceived value, and fosters the revisiting behavioral intention in tourists. Managerial implications with regard to island tourism are drawn based on the research findings, and suggestions for future researchers are presented.     

Antecedents of loyalty toward rural hospitality enterprises: The moderating effect of the customer's previous experience

This paper aims to identify the consumer behavior variables and the moderating effect of customers’ previous experience that generate greater customer loyalty toward rural hospitality enterprises. A model is proposed that encompasses the moderating effect of customer experience on the relationships between: the functional and affective perceived value of the firm's offer; the firm's reputation; and customer satisfaction – and the effect of these variables on loyalty-driven behaviors (recommendation and repurchase intentions). The work finds that functional and affective perceived value influence reputation and satisfaction, and that this effect is moderated by the customer's experience. When they have prior experience of the firm, affective perceived value takes precedence over functional perceived value. However, functional perceived value constitutes the most valued element when customers are using the services of the firm for the first time. Reputation and satisfaction are also found to contribute to the generation of better recommendation and repurchase intentions.     

Celebration of heritage: linkages between historical re-enactment festival attributes and attendees’ value perception

ABSTRACT

Community-based festivals celebrate a sense of community and place. Communities across the United States (US) and elsewhere have turned to various community-based events to celebrate local heritage and culture. This study investigates the relationship between the attributes of a historical re-enactment festival and participants’ perceived value. Drawing on means–end theory and event experience literature, we examined event attributes, perceived benefits, and attendees’ perceived value in the context of a historical re-enactment festival in the Midwestern US. The results highlighted the importance of four attributes of historical re-enactment festivals, namely historical re-enactment, social interactions, event design, and physical facets. Each factor contributed differently to attendees’ perceived value of such a festival experience. In addition, perceived benefits of attending such an event mediated the relationships between event attributes and perceived value. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.     

免税购物游客感知价值的量表开发与实证检验

游客感知价值源自营销学领域的顾客价值理论,是游客基于感知利得与利失的权衡对旅游产品或旅游服务的总体评价,已成为旅游企业稳固竞争优势的新动源。现阶段,国内外免税购物市场竞争局势日渐激烈,免税购物游客感知价值研究能为免税店管理方提供科学的运营管理依据。文章以有消费经历的免税购物游客为研究对象,研究区域为三亚国际免税城,运用SPSS 22.0和AMOS 17.0软件对正式调研所获得的324份有效样本数据进行实证分析。在梳理游客感知价值测量相关文献的基础上,严格遵循量表开发的规范步骤(确定构念范围、发展初始测项、纯化初始测项、预调研、正式调研、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、信效度检验),开发了包含6个维度24个测项的免税购物游客感知价值量表,6个维度分别为感知环境价值、感知成本价值、感知管理价值、感知功能价值、感知服务价值、感知声誉价值,并通过构建结构方程模型检验了量表的稳定性。最后,总结了研究的理论贡献与管理启示。     

OUTCOMES OF RELATIONAL BENEFITS: RESTAURANT CUSTOMERS' PERSPECTIVE

Research in business and marketing increasingly indicates the significance of relational benefits, perceived price, and perceived value in retaining customers. However, little research has considered three types of relational benefits and perceived price and value together in the customer retention process. Thus, this study was designed to propose and test a behavioral intention model by incorporating these constructs in a full‐service restaurant setting. Although the direct link between the special treatment benefit and perceived value was not significant; consistent with our hypotheses, social, special treatment, and confidence benefits appeared to boost perceived price and value, which subsequently enhanced intentions to revisit and recommend. In addition, perceived price and value mediated the relationships between relational benefits and behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the prominent role of the special treatment benefit in increasing intentions was verified. A parsimonious best‐fit model was produced through the process of testing intricate relations among study constructs. Implications of the findings and future research avenues are discussed.     

Exploring Tourist Perceived Value: An Investigation of Asian Cruise Tourists' Travel Experience

The present study explores Asian cruise travelers' perceived value of the travel experience and the effect of perceived value on satisfaction and behavioral intention. To measure Asian travelers' multi-dimensional perceived value, a cognitive-affective perceived value model was utilized. Survey items were adapted from cruise travel attribute items and SERV-PERVAL scales. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify travelers' cognitive and affective perceived value. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted in order for researchers to examine how tourists' multi-dimensional perceived value construct affected travelers' satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Statistical results showed that Asian cruise travelers have four sub-dimensions of cognitive perceived value: “facility,” “food & beverage (F&B),” “entertainment,” and “staff.” Affective perceived value was measured by emotional response measurement items. The current study indicated travelers' perceived value of the cruise experience affects travel satisfaction and travelers' behavioral intention.     

A Hierarchical Model of Perceived Value of Group-Oriented Travel Experiences to Major Events and its Influences on Satisfaction and Future Group-Travel Intentions

This study seeks a deeper understanding of the forms of value that travel consumers derive from a group-travel experience to a major event. We focus on specific group-travel value dimensions of social, hedonic, monetary, functional – major event, functional – event-destination tourism infrastructure, epistemic, and convenience. A sample of 389 consumers is used to substantiate our framework. We also empirically examine this model with satisfaction and future group-travel intentions – with satisfaction found to fully mediate the relationship between the perceived value of the group-travel experience and future group-travel intentions. This framework can serve to advance further theory development in this domain.