浅析企业财务信息披露存在问题及对策

在企业发展过程中最重要一项内容就是财务信息披露,运用下午信息及其他财务文件向社会披露企业的经营状况,建立完善的信息披露制度,准确及时地披露企业财务信息,让相关信息的披露更加完善和透明,让信息不对称导致企业财务风险能够得以减弱和控制,有利于减少表外因素给企业经营带来的风险,以维持企业的高效健康的运转。     

如何提高企业的投资效率——基于内部控制角度

非效率投资行为会给企业带来损失,委托代理理论和信息不对称理论是企业发生非效率投资的主要原因,因此,企业需要采取必要的措施提高投资效率.我们发现,内部控制能有效缓解企业的委托代理问题和信息不对称问题、加强风险防范并降低操作性失误.因此,本文基于内部控制的角度提出抑制非效率投资行为、提高企业投资效率的方法,分别从独立董事的独立性、大股东持股比例和披露内部控制缺陷信息三方面入手.     

衍生金融工具信息披露问题研究

衍生金融工具作为一种新兴的金融工具,虽然是为了规避风险而产生,但其本身仍具有较高风险.衍生金融工具是一把“双刃剑”,不仅为金融市场带来蓬勃生机,同时也带来巨大的潜在风险.自衍生金融工具在全球的金融市场出现以来,其公开信息披露一直以来都是国际范围的焦点课题.近些年来,衍生金融工具在我国的经济发展中发挥愈来愈重要的作用.本文从汇总国内外衍生金融工具信息披露的研究出发,结合衍生金融工具的特点以及我国当前衍生金融工具信息披露的相关问题,提出衍生金融工具信息披露的改进措施     

强化社会责任信息披露能提升企业价值么？——基于违约风险和同群效应的实证研究

本文实证检验了我国A股上市公司社会责任信息披露对企业价值的影响效应;探究了其传导机制,发现通过强化社会责任信息披露、降低违约风险是提升企业价值的关键一环;进行异质性分析,研究了企业性质差异、时间差异、环保差异等情况下的不一致性;进一步分析发现企业社会责任信息披露存在行业同群效应,该效应对企业发展有明显作用。本文丰富了企业社会责任披露的经济后果,为规范上市企业信息披露以及防范化解违约风险提供了有益的论据。     

内部控制信息披露中相关主体责任界定的现状及改进

根据上市公司现行规范的要求,上市公司内部控制信息披露中涉及的主体包括董事会、监事会及注册会计师,但在涉及企业内部控制信息披露的许多规范制度中缺少对相关主体责任的明确界定。本文在分析了商业银行内部控制信息披露规范及披露现状的基础上,对企业内部控制信息披露及相关主体的责任界定问题进行了讨论。本文认为,我国现实中内部控制信息披露相关主体的责任界定模糊,这一问题的存在会带来内部控制信息披露流于形式、相关主体面临诉讼风险等负面影响。因此,建议通过完善内部控制信息披露规范、完善内部控制评价规范体系、协调规范间的差…     

浅析企业会计报表附注的编制与披露

随着我国资本市场的发展和完善,对企业会计信息披露的要求越来越高,尤其是上市公司的信息披露,需要更加规范和完善。会计报表附注信息的披露是会计报表信息的有力补充,能够给信息的使用者带来有利于决策、更容易理解的信息。但我国会计报表附注的披露目前还存在较多的问题。如信息披露缺乏规范性,企业管理人员和会计人员的重视性不足等,为了规范我国的会计信息披露,本文对此问题进行了探讨,并提出了相关的措施和建议。     

浅谈ERP环境下财务会计信息系统内部控制优化

ERP系统是现代企业管理中一种全新的企业管理模式,它是以信息技术为基础,将企业内部各部门通过信息连接整合在一起.ERP环境下,财务会计信息系统取得了巨大的进步,但也给财务会计信息系统的内部控制和风险管理带来了新的问题.本文将先简述ERP系统对企业财务信息内部控制的影响,再探讨分析其内部控制的优化现状,并对其中存在的风险进行防范.     

年报风险信息披露与银行贷款利率

既有文献较少从银行视角关注年报风险信息披露的经济后果。银行更有能力解读年度风险信息,银行利益也更直接受到年报风险信息的影响,银行贷款利率更能体现年报风险信息披露的经济后果。本文基于2008-2017年单笔银行贷款利率数据的研究发现:总体上我国年报风险信息披露降低了银行贷款利率,说明我国年报风险信息披露更符合趋同观假说。中介效应检验发现:我国年报风险信息披露通过提高信息透明度,降低银行风险感知水平进而降低了银行贷款利率,即信息质量和风险是我国年报风险信息披露影响银行贷款利率的不完全中介。进一步分析发现:我国年报风险信息披露与银行贷款利率的负相关关系主要体现在货币政策紧缩组、非国有企业组以及公司治理水平较高组。本文首次研究银行贷款利率与年报风险信息披露的关系,有助于丰富风险信息披露文献和银行贷款文献。     

环境信息披露视阈下的企业融资约束:基于现金—现金流敏感性模型北大核心

本文探究了企业环境信息披露程度对公司融资约束的影响。研究发现,我国上市公司普遍存在融资约束问题,而企业披露环境信息可以降低企业的融资约束,且企业环境信息披露质量越高,对于企业融资约束的缓解作用越明显。因此,存在融资约束的企业应通过充分披露企业的相关信息,降低与市场的信息不对称程度,缓解自身的融资约束问题。     

环境信息披露视阈下的企业融资约束:基于现金—现金流敏感性模型

本文探究了企业环境信息披露程度对公司融资约束的影响。研究发现,我国上市公司普遍存在融资约束问题,而企业披露环境信息可以降低企业的融资约束,且企业环境信息披露质量越高,对于企业融资约束的缓解作用越明显。因此,存在融资约束的企业应通过充分披露企业的相关信息,降低与市场的信息不对称程度,缓解自身的融资约束问题。     

The interaction of incentives and information disclosure: the case of confidence interval information

Reliable risk assessment is critical for success in decision-making, but our assessment of risk is often hindered by inherent biases and limitations in our information processing capacities. Consequently, many have presumed that the disclosure of probabilistic or confidence interval (CI) information would aid our judgment of the uncertainty of an estimate. Empirical support for CI information disclosure, however, is generally lacking. Since human beings are goal-directed, the effectiveness of CI information disclosure may be contingent upon the motivation of an individual. This study, through a computer-based laboratory experiment, examines whether the effectiveness of CI information disclosure in an investment choice task setting is contingent upon the availability of performance-based monetary incentives. The results indicate that the disclosure of CI information can enhance or harm decision performance contingent upon the incentive condition: incentives are vital for realizing benefits from the disclosure of CI information. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

注册制改革会产生溢出效应吗?——基于企业投资行为的视角北大核心

提高资本市场资源配置效率是注册制推行的重要目标之一,本文以此为出发点,构建了多期倍分法(DID)模型,探究了科创板(试点注册制)公司信息披露对同行业公司的溢出效应。研究发现,科创板公司信息披露会促使同行业公司提高研发投入,且该效应随着信息披露内容的丰富、精确度的增加而有所提高。机制分析表明,该溢出效应源自信息不确定性的降低和竞争压力的产生。同时,创板信息披露提高了同行业公司管理层对创新的认知程度以及增加了媒体关注度,进而促进公司研发投入。进一步研究发现,同行业公司研发投入受到正向溢出效应影响的同时,固定资产投入有所降低,投资结构的改变最终导致投资效率提升,显著抑制了过度投资。本文为强制性信息披露的溢出效应研究提供了因果证据,也为注册制改革政策效果的全面评估提供了支持。     

内部控制缺陷信息披露对个人投资者风险认知的影响:一项实验研究

研究个人投资者对内部控制信息披露的反应机理具有重要的与内部控制披露管制相关的政策含义。本文运用实验研究方法,研究了内部控制缺陷信息披露对个人投资者风险认知的影响。研究发现,内部控制缺陷的严重程度对个人投资者的风险认知具有显著影响,但投资者对不披露任何缺陷与披露重要缺陷并没有进行差异化的风险认知反应;管理层对内部控制缺陷的描述程度对个人投资者的风险认知无显著影响。本文研究还发现,对管理者的信任是内部控制缺陷对个人投资者风险认知影响的一个重要中介变量;注册会计师的内部控制审计报告对个人投资者风险认知具有显著影响,在披露内部控制缺陷的情况下,对内部控制审计报告的使用程度越高,越能强化内部控制缺陷对个人投资者风险认知的消极影响。     

The effects of disclosing critical audit matters and auditor tenure on nonprofessional investors’ judgments

In an effort to provide more meaningful information to financial statement users, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) recently adopted sweeping changes to the audit report, requiring the audit firm to disclose whether or not it identified a critical audit matter (CAM) and its tenure with the client. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to explore how nonprofessional investors’ judgments are influenced by (1) the relative effects of a CAM disclosure versus a disclosure that the auditor did not identify a CAM, and (2) the disclosure of the audit firm’s tenure. We find that, relative to disclosing that no CAMs were identified, disclosing a CAM reduces investment intentions. We do not find a significant effect of tenure disclosure on investment intentions, despite evidence that participants attended to and understood the tenure manipulation. Concerning investors’ cognitive processes, we find that perceptions of both risk of material misstatement and management disclosure credibility mediate the effect of CAM disclosure on investment intentions, while perceived audit quality suppresses this effect. Our contributions include furthering the understanding of cognitive mechanisms through which CAM disclosure influences investment intentions, identifying a relatively unique setting in which perceptions of management disclosure credibility and audit quality move in opposite directions, and providing evidence that auditor tenure disclosure does not appear to affect investment intentions. Our findings should be of interest to regulators, auditors, issuers, and investors.     

金融风险的信息质量特征与我国金融会计制度改革

本文着眼于巴塞尔新资本协议第三次征求意见稿提出的金融风险监管和信息披露框架,以我国金融会计制度的国际化协调为切入点,分析了信用风险、市场风险和操作风险等金融风险的构成要素,指出现有监管信息系统和会计体系存在的问题.同时,本文还评价了我国新<金融企业会计制度>等规范对金融风险的披露和监管特征,分析了新制度对银行类上市公司所产生的影响,并提出了建立以风险计量会计披露为核心的监管体系的构想.本文最后对协同新巴塞尔协议的监管原则,建立完整的银行业信息披露框架,形成动态信息披露机制提出了一些建议.     

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR CORPORATE RISK DISCLOSURE EMERGING FROM THE AGENDA FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORM

During the last decade an implicit conceptual framework for internal control and corporate risk management has arisen from risk management practice and policy within UK companies. An explicit conceptual framework for risk management is now emerging and is expressed in the Turnbull Report. In this paper, we develop a diagrammatic representation for the conceptual framework for internal control, risk management and risk disclosure. We consider the recent practical and policy developments in the disclosure of risk-related information in order to establish the current state of the art of corporate risk disclosure. Thus, we focus only on the disclosure aspect of the conceptual framework for internal control. We use a questionnaire survey to canvas the attitudes of UK institutional investors towards risk disclosure in relation to their portfolio investment decisions. Our empirical findings indicate that institutional investors do not generally favour a regulated environment for corporate risk disclosure or a general statement of business risk. The respondents agree that increased risk disclosure would help them in their portfolio investment decisions. However, for other aspects of the risk disclosure issue they are more neutral in attitude. Further, we found that the variation in the attitudes of institutional investors appears to be associated with the characteristics of the funds they manage as well as with their investment horizons. Further, we find that institutional investors’ perceptions of corporate governance are related to their investment horizons, among other factors.     

Mandatory Disclosure and Operational Risk: Evidence from Hedge Fund Registration

Mandatory disclosure is a regulatory tool intended to allow market participants to assess operational risk. We examine the value of disclosure through the controversial SEC requirement, since overturned, which required major hedge funds to register as investment advisors and file Form ADV disclosures. Leverage and ownership structures suggest that lenders and equity investors were already aware of operational risk. However, operational risk does not mediate flow‐performance relationships. Investors either lack this information or regard it as immaterial. These findings suggest that regulators should account for the endogenous production of information and the marginal benefit of disclosure to different investment clienteles.     

中国社会保障战略储备基金管理中存在的问题及对策分析

全国社会保障基金是中国社会保障战略储备基金,其安全性以及保值增值状况对中国社会保障的发展具有重要战略意义。我国社保基金不断发展壮大,同时,实行直接投资和间接投资相结合的管理模式,保证了较好的安全性和较高的收益率。但是,仍然存在着资金来源不稳定、保值增值能力不足以及信息披露机制不完善等问题,因此,应完善基金来源规划、壮大基金规模,增强基金保值增值、抗风险能力,并完善信息披露机制。     

上市银行信息披露超载的原因分析及其对策研究

我国金融体系是以银行为核心的,故在很大程度上银行信息披露水平的高低直接影响着国家的经济安全。然而,我国上市银行年度报告普遍存在披露超载与关键信息不足、可靠性差、披露及时性不高等问题并存的状况。论文通过对我国16家上市银行2012年年报信息披露现状进行统计分析,探讨了信息披露超载可能引发的问题及信息发生超载的原因。最后,在借鉴国际经验基础上有针对性地提出解决我国上市银行信息披露超载问题的对策。’     

The nature and determinants of disclosure practices in the insurance industry: Evidence from European insurers

Filling a gap in the existing literature on disclosure practices by insurance companies, this research provides new empirical evidence on the nature and determinants of disclosure practices in the European insurance industry over the 2005–2010 period. The main results show that insurers are more inclined to invest in the quantity of risk information rather than in the disclosure quality of the entire annual report, as risk information is addressed to high-level financially educated people and requires fewer resources than are needed for an investment in quality. Further, the analysis also shows that insurer level characteristics, in terms of size and technical provisions, as well as country level variables, significantly affect the amount of risk information disclosed. In the years affected by the financial crisis, the level of risk disclosure quantity increases as insurers use disclosure as a tool to reassure stakeholders on their independence from the global financial crisis.