丰城市城镇周边规划建设地质适宜性评价研究

城市规划建设用地地质适宜性评价问题已成为研究的热点问题。本文充分考虑规划建设用地的地形地貌、地层岩性、工程地质特征、环境地质问题等条件,采用定性分级法对丰城市城镇周边规划建设地质适宜性进行评价。通过评价工作,进一步优化了土地利用与规划布局,为地方政府开展重大工程建设提供地质依据。     

震灾之后对当前土地利用规划的反心思

首先分析了汶川地震灾后暴露的缺少灾害评估、避难场所设施用地、基础设施维护用地、交通设施薄弱等土地利用规划缺陷。其次,借鉴国内外防灾经验,分析了这些问题的形成原因,指出规划管理理念中不重视灾害管理、资源紧缺的约束、灾害防御的高成本、缺少法律制度的刚性约束,最后提出了震灾后的新规划的建议。     

地震灾后土地利用应急规划与管理研究述评

地震地质灾害的不确定性造成人民生命财产的重大损失,因此,防灾减灾应当纳入土地利用安全的重要考虑,成为土地资源管理目标之一.在公共管理学基础上,研究尝试将公共危机管理和土地资源管理相结合,通过系统梳理国内外在应急管理、应急规划及相关领域的研究进展,指出在土地学科领域开展应急体系建设的必要性和紧迫性.通过研究对象的遴选,命题地震灾后土地利用应急规划研究,旨在构建土地利用应急规划体系,探讨灾害发生后如何集中有限资源,最大程度减少震害损失,快速优化配置恢复重建用地、评估建设用地抗震适宜性及安排防灾需求用地等.     

基于GIS适宜性评价的农业用地结构优化 ———以永商镇为例

利用数字高程模型(DEM)、土壤数据、土地利用数据并借助GIS与数学模型对永商镇早熟梨用地适宜性进行了综合评价.结果表明,永商镇适宜种植早熟梨的用地面积约435.28hm2,占农业用地总面积的25.21％.借助GIS软件和适宜性最小耗费表面模型对早熟梨种植用地的空间分布进行了分析,当最大拓展宽度达到56m时,符合农业规划中多目标模型要求的333.33hm2种植规模.     

基于GIS的连云港建设用地适宜性评价研究

在构建相应评价指标体系的基础上,以GIS技术为支持手段,对连云港市建设用地适宜性进行了评价。结果表明:连云港市建设用地高度适宜区位于中北部地区,中度适宜区位于中部地区,低度适宜区位于北部和南部地区,非适宜区位于中部云台山以及北部山区等区域;不同适宜性级别区域具有不同的限制性因素特点。建议在建设用地具体规划布局时,应根据区域特点开展有针对性的评估并制定相应的预防措施。     

平谷区城镇建设用地生态经济适宜性评价方法

研究目的:从生态保护和经济发展的角度,研究城镇建设用地的适宜性评价指标体系和评价方法,以期为城市规划和土地利用总体规划的城镇发展用地合理布局和科学评价提供有效范式。研究方法:以GIS栅格技术为支撑,利用多因素加乘复合算法和互斥性矩阵分类方法进行城镇建设用地适宜性评价,利用对比分析法佐证评价方法与结果的有效性和合理性。研究结果:平谷区城镇建设空间布局可优化为优先建设区、适度建设区、控制建设区、适度保护区、重点保护区和禁止建设区,分别占全区总面积的22.97%、12.15%、11.69%、9.93%、12.90%和30.31%;城镇建设用地适宜程度在空间上呈圈层分布特征,由平原向四周的半山区和山区逐渐降低;评价结果与平谷区城市规划成果具有较好的一致性。研究结论:提出的评价方法对城镇建设用地适宜性评价是有效的,评价结果可以为城镇建设用地规划布局提供科学依据。     

武汉市主城区现状用地自主识别方法探索

根据新时期国土空间规划与管理的精细化要求,本文从城市现状用地这一影响规划的基础着手,以建筑量数据等大数据为基础,提出了武汉市主城区现状用地的自主识别方法,以实现现状用地划定的精细化与科学化,为后续土地绩效评估及规划研究提供技术支撑。     

基于GIS 的浮梁县建设用地适宜性评价

以江西省浮梁县为例,在GIS 的支持下,充分考虑建设用地的工程地质要求和社会、经济、自然、生态等条件,利用定性、定量相结合的方式,构建建设用地适宜性评价因子体系,对浮梁县的建设用地适宜性进行综合评价,并对浮梁县建设用地的规划和管理提出针对性的建议.结果表明,优质的建设用地面积为78384.55 公顷,占全县总面积的27...     

城乡建设用地增减挂钩拆旧建新区域适宜性评价研究——以贵州省都匀市为例

文章从城乡建设用地拆旧区和建新区两方面进行评价,综合考虑拆旧和建新区域不同土地利用特点,运用层次分析法构建城乡建设用地增减挂钩评价指标体系,以都匀市为实证研究对象,分别对拆旧区和建新区进行综合适宜性评价,根据评价结果将其分为"适宜"、"较适宜"、"一般适宜"、"不适宜"四个等级,按照优先联动拆旧、建新"适宜"区域的原则,得出都匀市增减挂钩规划方案。     

基于GIS和BP神经网络技术的建设用地适宜性评价研究

提出在地理信息系统(GIS)和BP神经网络技术支持下,对建设用地适宜性进行评价的一种新方法.阐述了建设用地适宜性评价的评价原则与体系,并提出了新方法的技术路线.最后以珠海市横琴岛为研究实例,基于GIS平台,利用BP模型,对横琴岛建设用地的适宜性进行了评价.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.