A research on wage status and wage expectations of migrant workers in Hulan District

Since 2004, there has been the succession of migrant workers labor shortage all over the country. Among the factors causing farmers to hunt jobs in cities, wage plays a decisive role. So in this paper, it made an investigation and research on wages status and salary expectations of migrant workers in Hulan District. There are three main problems of migrant workers wages in Hulan District： The migrant workers＇ average wage is less than the community average wage; the wages were cut down in fact because of long working hours, as well as the low rate of return. In this district, the wage expectation of migrant workers on average is between 1341.8 and 1496.9 Yuan, that is 0.91-1.01 times as many as local minimum wage standard （after adding the overtime pay）; and 0.98-1.12 times as many as AVG salary last year. At last, it gives some suggestions： The enterprises should raise the standard of wages referring to the wage expectation of local migrant workers; local government should enhance skill trainings for migrant workers.     

全球生产网络、贸易结构与工资差距：来自中国的证据

论文通过建立全球生产网络的中间投入品模型,实证分析中间品贸易对一国技术劳动力和非技术劳动力工资差异的影响。研究发现：加工贸易是中国融入全球生产网络的典型形态;其出口会扩大对技术和非技术劳动力的需求。但技术劳动力的工资上涨幅度要高于非技术劳动力的工资涨幅,从而使相对工资差距扩大。短期内,中间品的进口减少了技术劳动力的需求和就业,但长期来看中间品进口会扩大对技术劳动力的需求,相对工资差距拉大。人力资本投资的供给增长由于未能满足劳动力市场的需求,从而在一定程度上表现为工资差距拉大;但长期来看,人力资本积累机制的完善使得相对工资差距会逐渐缓和。     

跨国公司内部贸易的思考

跨国公司内部贸易已越来越受到人们的关注 ,因为它已经成为国际贸易的一个重要组成部分。对内部贸易的理论基础 ,原因及格局的分析有助于我们对这一现象作更深入的了解。     

跨国公司内部贸易的思考

跨国公司内部贸易已越来越受到人们的关注,因为它已经成为国际贸易的一个重要组成部分。对内部贸易的理论基础,原因及格局的分析有助于我们对这一现象作更深入的了解。     

Occupational Segregation and its Effect on Estimates of the Gender Wage Differential: Evidence from Brunei

This paper investigates the impact of the different occupational distributions of the gender groups on the gender wage differential in Brunei. We disaggregate occupational differences into explained and unexplained portions as this can provide better estimates of across-occupation and within-occupation wage differentials. Using data from the Brunei 1995 Labor Force Survey report, results indicated that the gender wage difference is approximately 60%. Unlike other studies, it is found that in Brunei the unexplained portion of occupational segregation has had an impact on gender wage differentials and accounts for approximately one-third of the observed gap. Interestingly, the unexplained component of the within-occupation gap is relatively less than in some developed economies. This is attributed to the effects of the large public sector in Brunei and its regulated pay scales.     

International trade and within-sector wage inequality: The case of South Korea

This paper studies which factors contributed to the changes in wage inequality in Korean manufacturing over the last three decades. By adopting Akerman et al. (2013)’s decomposition method, we examine the relative importance of within-sector and between-sector wage variations in Korean manufacturing over the period of 1980–2012. Our analytic results confirm that within-sector wage variation explains the lion’s share of overall wage inequality. Taking this finding into account, we estimate the impacts of international trade, skilled-biased technological change and labor market conditions on within-sector wage inequality in Korea. Our estimation results suggest that there was a structural change in determinants of wage inequality before and after the mid-1990s. The influence of international trade mainly through heightened import competition on wage dispersion became relatively more conspicuous over the last two decades.     

The impact of firm-provided training on productivity,wages, and transition to regular employment for workers in flexible arrangements

This paper examines the incidence and density of firm-provided training for workers in flexible work arrangements – i.e., non-regular employees who are working part-time or with fixed-term employment contracts – and analyzes the effect of this training on skills, productivity, and wage growth, using a unique survey of Japanese workers. Among non-regular employees, those who work on a full-time basis are found to receive a higher density of both on-the-job training (OJT) and off-the-job training (Off-JT). Participation in firm-provided training is shown to improve job skills and productivity, but does not appear to impact the wage growth of non-regular workers. However, training participation is shown to make the transition from non-regular to regular employment in the current occupation more likely, enhancing the probability of future wage increases.     

Analysis on the effect of economic interaction＇s pulse from the Sino-US trade perspective

In an open economy, the economic concussion in sole country will transmit to other countries which make the international economic concussion play an important role in the formation of economic fluctuation. Both America and China, as two prominent economy units, have a great impact not only on the regional economy but also international economy. This paper constructs a shock-response model for China-America bilateral trade relations by using of impulse-response function of the vector auto-regressive model. The fluctuation of mutual economic growth caused by the shock of bilateral trade variances is empirically analyzed. Further more; the paper also uses variance decomposition technology to estimate its contribution-rate. The empirical analysis result shows that American economy has a notable impact on China, and Chinese economy will depend on American economy more and more.     

Post-crisis China impact on trade integration and manufacturing competitiveness between Argentina and Brazil

Considering the short-term and long-term global financial crisis effects on industrial and trade policies implemented in China, Argentina, and Brazil, this article empirically analyzes China’s impact on trade integration and manufacturing competitiveness between Argentina and Brazil during the post-crisis period. Under a trilateral trade framework, this paper conducts both standard and modified Constant Market Share analyses, using trade data disaggregated at HS 6-digit level between the 2009–2014 period provided by BACI database. The quantitative estimation of relative gains and losses of Argentina and Brazil facing China’s evolving import demand and export supply provides evidence for three main findings. First, it shows the persistence of China’s asymmetric trade pattern with Argentina and Brazil, but a decline in China’s weight in explaining the decreasing bilateral trade intensity between Argentina and Brazil; second, the divergent export performance between Argentina and Brazil to China, mainly attributed to the competitiveness shift in the soybean sector; and finally the enlargement of a competitiveness gap between Mercosur countries and China in the upstream of manufacturing supply chain.     

The loyalty based on Nash equilibrium theory between knowledge workers and enterprises

The competitiveness of the enterprises is the talent competition. ＂Talent＂ more often refers to ＂knowledge workers＂, the pillars of the enterprises is composed of knowledge workers. Loyal knowledge employees can enhance the core competitiveness and cohesion of the enterprise. From the Nash equilibrium theory perspective, this paper constructs the mutual loyalty model of knowledge workers and enterprises, analyzes the strategy of choice of knowledge workers and enterprises, gets a balanced strategy of pure and mixed strategy of the Nash equilibrium, and gives some proposals in increasing the mutual loyalty between knowledge workers and enterprises.     

论黑龙江省对俄罗斯远东的经贸合作

俄罗斯近年来更加重视发挥其东部地区的优势,积极发展多领域的合作.我国尤其是黑龙江省应抓住机遇,积极开拓远东市场.进一步推动中俄边境贸易,必须加强政府宏观调控,拓宽境外合作领域.     

Research on impacts of international textile trade development on Chinese textile trade and countermeasure s

Under the international textile trade development condition, the author analyzes the international textile trade market and the situation of Chinese textile trade after China entry into WTO, reveals the influence of the world textile trade development on Chinese textile trade, and proposes a series     

论国内农产品物流企业联合与合作的必要性

国内农产品物流企业经营中出现的高交易成本和过度竞争并存现象,表明国内农产品物流企业存在组织模式的制度非均衡问题。一个简单的制度均衡模型表明这个问题的解决需要实行农产品物流企业的“内部联合”和“外部合作”。内部联合和外部合作的具体实现途径是通过大力发展农产品第三方物流和农产品供应链物流,实现农产品物流的专业化、规模化和社会化。     

The effect of the New Silk Road railways on aggregate trade volumes between China and Europe

‘One Belt One Road’ is an extensive and complex initiative whose potential effect and influence are still currently pending for answers. This paper addresses the following research question: What is the effect of the New Silk Road intercontinental railways on the trade between China and its trading partners in Central Asia and Europe? We focus on nine railway lines connecting Europe and China, which started operations between 2011 and 2015. The countries’ trade patterns with railway connections to China are then compared to the countries without railway connections to China. We find the intercontinental railways have a positive effect on China’s exports to its trading partners in Central Asia and Europe, especially concerning exports of manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment and miscellaneous manufactured articles. Moreover, the intercontinental railways have a positive effect on China’s imports of food and live animals from its trading partners.     

The effect of globalization on union bargaining and price-cost margins of firms

In recent years, Europe has witnessed an accelerated process of economic integration. This paper analyzes how increased economic integration has affected labor and product markets. We use a panel of Belgian manufacturing firms to estimate price-cost margins and union bargaining power and show how various measures of globalization affect them. Import competition puts pressure on both markups and union bargaining power, especially when there is increased competition from low wage countries. This suggests that increased globalization is associated with a moderation of wage claims in unionized countries, which should be associated with positive effects on employment.

贸易收支对我国通货膨胀的影响分析

通货膨胀对宏观经济有非常重大的影响,有效治理通货膨胀是各国政府的共同难题。在全球通货膨胀的背景下,我国通过进出口贸易而产生的输入性通货膨胀压力则再次显现。贸易收支对通货膨胀的影响途径主要是价格传导、货币传导、总供给-总需要传导。Johanson协整检验、向量误差修正模型等计量方法亦证实了贸易收支对我国通货膨胀的影响,得出我国出口总额、进口总额与居民消费价值指数具有长期稳定的比例关系。     

消费税结构的优化

本文从绿色贸易壁垒的理论基础及其表现形式出发 ,分析了绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响 ,最后从绿色技术指标体系、绿色法律制度、加强国际磋商与合作三个方面提出了相关法律对策。     

The double dividend of agricultural trade liberalization: Consistency between national food security and gains from trade

National food security is one of the main justifications for opposition to agricultural trade liberalization in Japan. Opponents of liberalization argue that because food crop production is subject to high variability, over-reliance on imports would be risky. To assess the risks to Japan with and without trade liberalization, we conducted Monte Carlo simulations of productivity shocks within a computable general equilibrium model for the four crops of greatest significance in the Japanese diet – rice, wheat, maize, and oilseed. Our results indicate that productivity shocks for rice and maize have a substantial effect on welfare. Liberalizing trade for these crops would both raise expected welfare and reduce welfare fluctuations. This double dividend was forecast even when we limited the simulation to cases of extremely poor crop yields in Japan's major source countries.     

Broadband use and trade facilitation: Impacts on bilateral trade of sub-Saharan countries

This paper investigates the direct and combined impacts of trade facilitation and information and communication technology (ICT) on bilateral flows of 25 sub-Saharan countries. For that purpose, we select time to export and import as specific trade facilitation indicators and broadband use to study ICT impacts. Our sample covers a total of 93 countries over the period 2004–2018. By preprocessing data analysis, we impute time costs missing values, an essential shortcoming of the available databases, to study trade facilitation over time. Lastly, we employ a gravity model and implement a Bonus Vetus Estimation. Our results show that broadband use exerts a positive and significant effect on trade, especially relevant for intra-African trade flows. Furthermore, the combined effects indicate that broadband also modulates the negative impacts of time to export and time to import in the case of intra-SSA countries' trade. The more significant result is found for time to export. Our results also confirm that time costs are not only particularly harmful to intra-African trade but also negatively impact trade flows from SSA countries to the rest of the world. These outcomes show the importance of coordinating trade facilitation and digital transformation policies, particularly those devoted to digitally transforming African customs.     

中国国际贸易中的碳排放计算及评估--基于中澳2002-2009年数据的分析

国际贸易引起的碳排放日益受到重视,量化计算、分析进出口贸易导致的碳排放及其变动原因,是贸易发展方式转变的一项基础性工作。文章采用国际标准,以中澳贸易为例,首次计算双边贸易导致的CO2排放量,应用分解分析方法,进一步从规模效应、结构效应和技术效应等方面分析碳排放变化的原因。在此基础上,提出扩大资源类商品进口、限制高排放商品出口、以技术进步降低商品生产的碳排放强度等政策建议。