非工作时间电子沟通对领导有效性的影响: 一项经验取样的日志研究

文章基于社会信息加工理论，从领导有效性和下属工作态度两个角度探索非工作时间电子沟通在工作领域的有效性及其影响机制。使用日志法追踪员工10个工作日获取613份有效观测值，数据分析发现：非工作时间电子沟通的情感基调维度通过任务不合规性感知积极影响领导有效性评价和员工总体工作态度；而所需时间维度通过任务不合规性感知对领导有效性评价和员工总体工作态度均有消极影响，工作—家庭细分偏好加强了非工作时间电子沟通与任务不合规性感知之间的关系。研究还讨论了理论和实际意义以及未来研究的方向。     

员工正念如何影响不道德亲组织行为：自我调节理论的视角

如何有效规避注重组织利益而忽视伦理规范的不道德亲组织行为成为商业伦理理论与实践领域关注的热点问题。基于自我调节理论视角，以工作投入为中介变量，时间压力为调节变量，通过对343份有效样本数据检验分析，探究在中国组织情境下员工正念对不道德亲组织行为的影响机制。研究结果表明：正念对不道德亲组织行为存在显著负向影响；工作投入中介了正念对不道德亲组织行为的影响；时间压力不仅负向调节了正念对工作投入的影响，并进一步负向调节了正念通过工作投入对不道德亲组织行为的间接效应，当时间压力越低时，工作投入的中介效应越强。研究结果不仅为不道德亲组织行为的抑制性研究提供了新视角，而且丰富了正念对不道德亲组织行为作用机制研究。     

服务行业员工亲组织不道德行为的影响机制研究

本研究探讨了家长式领导与服务行业员工从事亲组织的不道德行为倾向之间的关系,以及道德推脱在两者关系中的作用。研究发现:仁慈领导提高了员工从事亲组织的不道德行为倾向,而德行领导降低了员工从事亲组织的不道德行为倾向;此外,道德推脱是仁慈领导、德行领导影响员工从事亲组织的不道德行为倾向的作用机制。     

集体主义倾向与不道德亲组织行为关系探究

本研究构建了集体主义倾向与不道德亲组织行为关系及其作用机制模型。本研究提出集体主义倾向将助长员工启动道德辩解机制为其随后参与的不道德亲组织行为开脱,而企业的伦理价值观会产生调节效果。为了检验这一观点,展开了调查。对281名员工的研究发现:道德辩解部分中员工的集体主义倾向对其不道德亲组织行为的正向影响;企业伦理价值观显著调节集体主义倾向通过道德辩解影响员工不道德亲组织行为的间接效应,表现为这一间接效应在企业伦理价值观清晰情境下相对较弱。     

弯道超车还是弯道翻车：延展性目标与员工不道德行为的双调节模型

基于情绪认知评价理论，引入员工失败学习和组织创新支持感的双重补偿手段，构建了一个延展性目标引发不道德行为的两阶段被调节中介模型。通过对8家企业的390个样本分析后表明，组织延展性目标的极端困难和极端新颖会加重员工职场焦虑进而引发不道德行为，而员工失败学习和组织创新支持感能够缓解员工的威胁感知并使其获得情感支持和资源补偿，从而弱化延展性目标对员工不道德行为的负面效应，抑制不道德行为的蔓延。本研究揭示了延展性目标的黑暗面并为企业将其化危机为契机提供了理论和实践启示。     

伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响——基于组织伦理氛围的调节效应

基于社会学习理论,本文探讨了伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的作用机制,并分析了组织伦理氛围在伦理型领导和员工亲组织非伦理行为之间的调节作用。研究发现,伦理型领导者能有效降低员工亲组织非伦理行为,且组织伦理氛围正向调节伦理型领导与员工亲组织非伦理行为的负向关系。     

消费者不道德行为与员工工作倦怠的关系:服务型领导的调节作用

探讨并非针对员工的消费者不道德行为(Customer Unethical Behaviors that are not employee directed,CUB)与员工工作倦怠的关系,以及服务型领导在其间的调节作用。选取服务行业员工201人,采用并非针对服务人员的消费者不道德行为问卷、人际不公平量表、服务型领导量表和工作倦怠量表进行测量。结果发现:并非针对员工的消费者不道德行为(CUB)与员工工作倦怠呈正相关,而服务型领导与员工工作倦怠呈负相关;此外,服务型领导调节着CUB与工作倦怠的关系,CUB是导致服务型领导水平较低情境中员工工作倦怠的风险因素。     

组织支持感对员工角色外行为的影响——基于员工道德观调节作用

基于"权变"理论,从员工道德观视角,发现员工可能做出更多积极角色外行为,也可能表现出较多消极角色外行为。文章具体讨论了组织支持感对员工角色外行为的影响及员工道德观在其中的调节作用,并构建理论模型。     

主管支持、工作-家庭增益与职外绩效关系研究

对主管支持与职外绩效的关系进行研究,探讨工作-家庭增益在主管支持与职外绩效间的中介作用。对江浙沪等地员工进行问卷调查分析,结果表明：主管支持对工作-家庭增益和职外绩效均有正向的影响,而且主管支持与工作奉献的关系通过工作-家庭增益起完全中介作用。最后,从企业角度,提出了相关建议。     

主管支持、工作—家庭增益与职外绩效关系研究

对主管支持与职外绩效的关系进行研究,探讨工作 家庭增益在主管支持与职外绩效间的中介作用.对江浙沪等地员工进行问卷调查分析,结果表明:主管支持对工作 家庭增益和职外绩效均有正向的影响,而且主管支持与工作奉献的关系通过工作 家庭增益起完全中介作用.最后,从企业角度,提出了相关建议.     

Moral attentiveness as a boundary condition: Servant leadership and the impact of supervisor affiliation on pro-group unethical behavior

Based on social exchange theory, this research aims to develop and test a model in which supervisor affiliation mediates the impact of servant leadership on employees’ pro-group unethical behavior a highly competitive intergroup environment. Using a sample of 239 employees from 39 groups in four foreign-owned engineering enterprises, we found that supervisor affiliation mediated the positive relationship between servant leadership and employees’ pro-group unethical behavior. Our results also revealed that employees’ moral attentiveness weakened the positive impact of supervisor affiliation on pro-group unethical behavior. The current study contributes to business ethics research by advancing our understanding of antecedents of pro-group unethical behavior as well as how servant leadership leads to employees’ unethical behaviors. Implications for theory, practice, and directions for future research are discussed.     

The Influence of Distributive Justice on Lying for and Stealing from a Supervisor

In a controlled laboratory experiment, we found evidence for our predictions that participants who received fair distributive treatment were more likely to lie to give a supervisor a good performance evaluation than those treated unfairly, and those who received unfair distributive treatment were more likely to steal money from a supervisor than those treated fairly. We further proposed that the presence of an ethical code of conduct would moderate these relationships such that when the code was present these relationships would be weaker than when the code was absent, but we failed to find support for these moderating effects. Our findings suggest that the relationship between distributive justice and unethical behavior is likely more complex than previously considered. Both researchers and managers may benefit from a broader understanding of the factors that motivate and inhibit unethical behaviors intended to benefit and harm supervisors and/or organizations.     

同事非伦理行为对员工离职倾向的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

文章从伦理道德视角出发,通过研究之前学者所忽视的同事非伦理行为对员工离职倾向的影响,丰富了员工离职倾向的前因研究。基于社会比较理论,本文探究员工分配公平感在同事非伦理行为影响员工离职倾向过程中的中介作用,并考察员工自身非伦理行为对以上关系的调节作用。通过对271名企业员工开展两轮配对问卷调查,统计分析结果表明：（1）员工分配感在同事非伦理行为与员工离职倾向之间起完全中介作用;（2）员工非伦理行为显著调节了同事非伦理行为与员工分配公平感之间的关系;（3）员工非伦理行为显著调节了分配公平感在同事非伦理行为与员工离职倾向之间的中介作用。     

Work-to-family enrichment and voice behavior in China: The role of modernity

There is a lack of knowledge in the literature regarding the effects of the work-family interface on employees’ behaviors while taking into consideration of cultural values in developing countries. This study investigates the impact of work-to-family enrichment on employees’ voice behavior by focusing on the moderating role of modernity in a Chinese setting. Results from a survey of 230 Chinese married managers indicate that work-to-family enrichment positively influences voice behavior. In addition, the enrichment-voice relationship is weaker when modernity is high rather than low. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications for human resource management.     

My Boss is Morally Disengaged: The Role of Ethical Leadership in Explaining the Interactive Effect of Supervisor and Employee Moral Disengagement on Employee Behaviors

The popular press is often fraught with high-profile illustrations of leader unethical conduct within corporations. Leader unethical conduct is undesirable for many reasons, but in terms of managing subordinates, it is particularly problematic because leaders directly influence the ethics of their followers. Yet, we know relatively little about why leaders fail to apply ethical leadership practices. We argue that some leaders cognitively remove the personal sanctions associated with misconduct, which provides them with the “freedom” to ignore ethical shortcomings. Drawing on moral disengagement theory (Bandura 1986, 1999), we examine the relationship between supervisor moral disengagement and employee perceptions of ethical leadership. We then examine the moderating role of employee moral disengagement, such that the negative relationship between supervisor moral disengagement and employee perceptions of ethical leadership is stronger when employee moral disengagement is low versus high. Finally, we examine ethical leadership as a conditional mediator (based on employee moral disengagement) that explains that relationship between supervisor moral disengagement and employee job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Results from a multi-source field survey provide general support for our theoretical model.     

The Effect of Workplace Negative Gossip on Employee Proactive Behavior in China: The Moderating Role of Traditionality

In this study, we examined the relationship between workplace negative gossip, as perceived by the targets, and proactive behavior by focusing on the mediating role of the target’s emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of the target’s traditionality. Our results from dyadic data on 234 supervisor–subordinate relationships in China revealed that (1) workplace negative gossip was negatively related to proactive behavior; (2) emotional exhaustion mediated this relationship; and (3) traditionality strengthened both the relationship between workplace negative gossip and emotional exhaustion and the indirect effect of workplace negative gossip on proactive behavior via emotional exhaustion. Our findings have a number of theoretical and practical implications for the research on mistreatment and proactive behavior.     

变革型领导如何影响员工亲组织非伦理行为?——一个被调节的中介作用模型

本文从社会认同理论的视角,对变革型领导与亲组织非伦理行为之间的关系进行考察,并且构建一个被调节的中介模型.研究选取浙江省3家企业的300名员工作为研究对象,探讨了在组织领导化身调节下,变革型领导与亲组织非伦理行为的关系,以及组织认同的中介作用.研究结果表明:变革型领导对亲组织非伦理行为具有积极的预测效应;组织认同在变革型领导与亲组织非伦理行为之间起部分中介作用;领导组织化身在变革型领导和组织认同之间起调节作用.     

领导排斥对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响：自我提升动机的中介作用

基于自我提升理论,从自我提升动机和马基雅维利主义视角出发,探讨了领导排斥对员工亲组织非伦理行为的作用机制。通过对两阶段收集的451份问卷进行数据分析,结果发现:领导排斥对员工亲组织非伦理行为具有显著正向影响;员工自我提升动机在领导排斥与员工亲组织非伦理行为关系中起中介作用;员工马基雅维利主义调节了其自我提升动机与亲组织非伦理行为间的关系,即员工马基雅维利主义水平越高,其自我提升动机对亲组织非伦理行为的正向影响越强;员工马基雅维利主义正向调节员工自我提升动机在领导排斥与亲组织非伦理行为间的中介作用,即员工马基雅维利主义水平越高,其自我提升动机的中介作用越强。研究结论不仅拓展了领导排斥理论的研究,也为管理者正确认识领导排斥、管理员工遭受领导排斥后的认知与行为提供了新思路。     

Impacts of peers’ unethical behavior on employees’ ethical intention: Moderated mediation by Machiavellian orientation

Research suggests a direct negative relationship between peers’ unethical behavior and employees’ ethical intention. But several possible mechanisms might explain this relationship in more detail. For example, Machiavellianism is a personality trait characterized by interpersonal manipulation and the use of unethical means to achieve certain self‐interested ends, whether useful or pleasant. This article adopts an Aristotelian understanding of philia, related to three goods on which human relationships rest: useful, pleasant, and honest. We propose that Machiavellianism, a self‐interested, pragmatic personality orientation, might explicate the relationship between peers’ unethical behavior and ethical intention. The results of a structural equation model applied to a sample of 436 banking employees in Spain reveals that Machiavellianism partially mediates the relationship between peers’ unethical behavior and employees’ ethical intention. We also find that with a greater level of peers’ unethical behavior, the negative effect of Machiavellianism on ethical intention increases, and that when peers’ unethical behavior is nonexistent, the negative effect of Machiavellianism on ethical intention disappears. These findings advance current literature by revealing that unethical peers can indirectly influence ethical intention, through shaping Machiavellianism. Our study is also the first to show that pairing high Machiavellians with ethical peers can help to cancel out the negative influence of Machiavellianism on ethical intention.     

Effects of responsible human resource management practices on female employees’ turnover intentions

This study focuses on the effects of socially responsible human resource management (SR‐HRM) practices on female employees’ turnover intentions and the moderating effect of supervisor gender on this relationship. With a sample of 212 female employees from eight different industries in Finland, the results indicate that SR‐HRM practices promoting equal career opportunities and work–family integration play a significant role in reducing women's turnover intentions. The study adds to the academic discourse of corporate social responsibility by highlighting the impact of the organizational‐level HRM determinants on the individual‐level outcome. In addition, supervisor gender makes a difference in the studied relationship: female supervisors have a stronger and more significant impact on the relationship than male supervisors. Our findings suggest that organizational measures which support work–family integration should be taken seriously to decrease female employees’ turnover intentions. Male supervisors could adopt some gender‐incongruent leadership behaviors, such as individualized emotional concern and caring when dealing with female employees. In the future, other gender combinations in the supervisor–employee relationship would merit research.