共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2014,30(4):934-943
We show that the probabilities determined from betting odds using Shin’s model are more accurate forecasts than those determined using basic normalization or regression models. We also provide empirical evidence that some bookmakers are significantly different sources of probabilities in terms of forecasting accuracy, and that betting exchange odds are not always the best source, especially in smaller markets. The advantage of using Shin probabilities and the differences between bookmakers decrease with an increasing market size. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2019,35(2):783-796
We introduce a forecasting system designed to profit from sports-betting market using machine learning. We contribute three main novel ingredients. First, previous attempts to learn models for match-outcome prediction maximized the model’s predictive accuracy as the single criterion. Unlike these approaches, we also reduce the model’s correlation with the bookmaker’s predictions available through the published odds. We show that such an optimized model allows for better profit generation, and the approach is thus a way to ‘exploit’ the bookmaker. The second novelty is in the application of convolutional neural networks for match outcome prediction. The convolution layer enables to leverage a vast number of player-related statistics on its input. Thirdly, we adopt elements of the modern portfolio theory to design a strategy for bet distribution according to the odds and model predictions, trading off profit expectation and variance optimally. These three ingredients combine towards a betting method yielding positive cumulative profits in experiments with NBA data from seasons 2007–2014 systematically, as opposed to alternative methods tested. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2020,36(3):916-932
The over/under 2.5 goals betting market allows gamblers to bet on whether the total number of goals in a football match will exceed 2.5. In this paper, a set of ratings, named ‘Generalised Attacking Performance’ (GAP) ratings, are defined which measure the attacking and defensive performance of each team in a league. GAP ratings are used to forecast matches in ten European football leagues and their profitability is tested in the over/under market using two value betting strategies. GAP ratings with match statistics such as shots and shots on target as inputs are shown to yield better predictive value than the number of goals. An average profit of around 0.8 percent per bet taken is demonstrated over twelve years when using only shots and corners (and not goals) as inputs. The betting strategy is shown to be robust by comparing it to a random betting strategy. 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2020,36(4):1380-1388
Forecasts of probability distributions are needed to support decision making in many applications. The accuracy of predictive distributions should be evaluated by maximising sharpness subject to calibration. Sharpness relates to the concentration of the predictive distributions, while calibration concerns their statistical consistency with the data. This paper focuses on calibration testing. It is important that a calibration test cannot be gamed by forecasts that have been strategically designed to pass the test. The widely used tests of probabilistic calibration for predictive distributions are based on the probability integral transform. Drawing on previous results for quantile prediction, we show that strategic distributional forecasting is a concern for these tests. To address this, we provide a simple extension of one of the tests. We illustrate ideas using simulated data. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2019,35(2):712-721
This paper evaluates the efficiency of online betting markets for European (association) football leagues. The existing literature shows mixed empirical evidence regarding the degree to which betting markets are efficient. We propose a forecast-based approach for formally testing the efficiency of online betting markets. By considering the odds proposed by 41 bookmakers on 11 European major leagues over the last 11 years, we find evidence of differing degrees of efficiency among markets. We show that, if the best odds are selected across bookmakers, eight markets are efficient while three show inefficiencies that imply profit opportunities for bettors. In particular, our approach allows the estimation of the odds thresholds that could be used to set profitable betting strategies both ex post and ex ante. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2023,39(2):623-640
In this paper, we present a new methodology for forecasting the results of mixed martial arts contests. Our approach utilises data scraped from freely available websites to estimate fighters’ skills in various key aspects of the sport. With these skill estimates, we simulate the contest as an actual fight using Markov chains, rather than predicting a binary outcome. We compare the model’s accuracy to that of the bookmakers using their historical odds and show that the model can be used as the basis of a successful betting strategy. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2020,36(3):829-850
We estimate a Markow-switching dynamic factor model with three states based on six leading business cycle indicators for Germany, preselected from a broader set using the elastic net soft-thresholding rule. The three states represent expansions, normal recessions and severe recessions. We show that a two-state model is not sensitive enough to detect relatively mild recessions reliably when the Great Recession of 2008/2009 is included in the sample. Adding a third state helps to distinguish normal and severe recessions clearly, so that the model identifies all business cycle turning points in our sample reliably. In a real-time exercise, the model detects recessions in a timely manner. Combining the estimated factor and the recession probabilities with a simple GDP forecasting model yields an accurate nowcast for the steepest decline in GDP in 2009Q1, and a correct prediction of the timing of the Great Recession and its recovery one quarter in advance. 相似文献
8.
The reliability of BEA’s estimates, as measured by the magnitude and pattern of revisions, is highly important to economic
policy-making and business decisions. We find evidence that the revisions are partially predicable using contemporaneously
available information for the current quarterly estimates of GDP. Information about national income is found to significantly
supplement the information found in the final current quarterly estimates of GDP in explaining the revisions to the latest-available
estimates of GDP. However, there is little evidence of the predictability of revisions in GDI or national income. Finally,
both the advance and final current quarterly estimates are found to do a reliable job of measuring GDP and GDI around cyclical
peaks, but a less reliable job around cyclical troughs, the declines preceding the troughs are overstated and the upturns
after the troughs are understated.
An earlier and somewhat expanded version of this paper, “Revisions, Rationality, and Turning Points in GDP,” was presented
at the session “Tracking the Turning Points in the Economy,” AEA meetings January 3–5 2003, Washington DC. It is available
in the “working papers” section of BEA’s web site, www.bea.gov 相似文献
9.
Prakash Loungani Herman Stekler Natalia Tamirisa 《International Journal of Forecasting》2013,29(4):605-621
We document information rigidity in forecasts of real GDP growth in 46 countries over the past two decades. We also investigate: (i) whether rigidities differ across countries, particularly between advanced countries and emerging markets; (ii) whether rigidities are lower around turning points in the economy, such as in times of recessions and crises; and (iii) how quickly forecasters incorporate news about growth in other countries into their growth forecasts, with a focus on the way in which advanced countries’ growth forecasts incorporate news about emerging market growth, and vice versa. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2020,36(3):814-828
The world’s urban population is expected to grow fifty percent by the year 2050 and exceed six billion. The major challenges confronting cities, such as sustainability, safety, and equality, will depend on the infrastructure developed to accommodate the increase. Urban planners have long debated the consequences of vertical expansion—the concentration of residents by constructing tall buildings—over horizontal expansion—the dispersal of residents by extending urban boundaries. Yet relatively little work has predicted the vertical expansion of cities and quantified the likelihood and therefore urgency of these consequences.We regard tall buildings as random exceedances over a threshold and use extreme value theory to forecast the skyscrapers that will dominate the urban skyline in 2050 if present trends continue. We predict forty-one thousand skyscrapers will surpass 150 meters and 40 floors, an increase of eight percent a year, far outpacing the expected urban population growth of two percent a year. The typical tall skyscraper will not be noticeably taller, and the tallest will likely exceed one thousand meters but not one mile. If a mile-high skyscraper is constructed, it will hold fewer occupants than many of the mile-highs currently designed. We predict roughly three-quarters the number of floors of the Mile-High Tower, two-thirds of Next Tokyo’s Sky Mile Tower, and half the floors of Frank Lloyd Wright’s The Illinois—three prominent plans for a mile-high skyscraper. However, the relationship between floor and height will vary considerably across cities. 相似文献
11.
James D. Hamilton 《International Journal of Forecasting》2011,27(4):1006
This paper surveys efforts to automate the dating of business cycle turning points. Doing this on a real time, out-of-sample basis is a bigger challenge than many academics might assume, due to factors such as data revisions and changes in economic relationships over time. The paper stresses the value of both simulated real-time analysis — looking at what the inference of a proposed model would have been using data as they were actually released at the time — and actual real-time analysis, in which a researcher stakes his or her reputation on publicly using the model to generate out-of-sample, real-time predictions. The immediate publication capabilities of the internet make the latter a realistic option for researchers today, and many are taking advantage of it. The paper reviews a number of approaches to dating business cycle turning points and emphasizes the fundamental trade-off between parsimony — trying to keep the model as simple and robust as possible — and making full use of the available information. Different approaches have different advantages, and the paper concludes that there may be gains from combining the best features of several different approaches. 相似文献
12.
Based on a particular class of recently developed unobserved component models with, time varying parameters, the objectives of this paper are two-fold. On the one hand, we propose an alternative measure of underlying growth based on our estimated trend derivative with no need for any further transformations. Additionally, using the information embedded on the trend derivative, we provide a simple method for improving quantitative point forecasts in the vicinity of turning points. Empirical applications are presented for a set of seasonal monthly economic indicators of the Spanish economy. 相似文献
13.
14.
Pilar Bengoechea Maximo Camacho Gabriel Perez-Quiros 《International Journal of Forecasting》2006,22(4):735-749
Based on a novel extension of existing multivariate Markov-switching models, we provide the reader with a useful tool for analyzing current business conditions and making predictions about the future state of the Euro-area economy in real time. Apart from the Industrial Production Index, we find that the European Commission Industrial Confidence Indicator, which is issued with no delay, is very useful for constructing the real-time predictions. 相似文献
15.
In this study, we investigated the application of the conformal prediction (CP) concept in the context of short-term electricity price forecasting. In particular, we determined the most important aspects related to the utility of CP, as well as explaining why this simple but highly effective idea has proved useful in other application areas and why its characteristics make it promising for short-term power applications. We compared the performance of CP with various state-of-the-art electricity price forecasting models, such as quantile regression averaging, in an empirical out-of-sample study of three short-term electricity time series. We combined CP with various underlying point forecast models to demonstrate its versatility and behavior under changing conditions. Our findings suggest that CP yields sharp and reliable prediction intervals in short-term power markets. We also inspected the effects of each of the model components to provide path-based guideline regarding how to find the best CP model for each market. 相似文献
16.
误差校正模型具有较好的预测能力,在时间序列分析中占据重要地位。将误差校正模型从均值框架推广到分位数框架,提出了分位数误差校正模型的概念,并给出一整套建模技术:模型表示、参数估计、模型定阶、诊断检验、密度预测等。通过数值模拟,将其与经典的均值误差校正模型、分位数自回归模型进行比较,发现分位数误差校正模型极大地提高了预测的准度与精度。此外,选取中国货币供应与物价水平之间关系作为研究对象,实证检验了分位数误差校正模型的条件密度预测能力。 相似文献
17.
We incorporate external information extracted from the European Central Bank’s Survey of Professional Forecasters into the predictions of a Bayesian VAR using entropic tilting and soft conditioning. The resulting conditional forecasts significantly improve the plain BVAR point and density forecasts. Importantly, we do not restrict the forecasts at a specific quarterly horizon but their possible paths over several horizons jointly since the survey information comes in the form of one- and two-year-ahead expectations. As well as improving the accuracy of the variable that we target, the spillover effects on “other-than-targeted” variables are relevant in size and are statistically significant. We document that the baseline BVAR exhibits an upward bias for GDP growth after the financial crisis, and our results provide evidence that survey forecasts can help mitigate the effects of structural breaks on the forecasting performance of a popular macroeconometric model. 相似文献
18.
在汛期,天气复杂多变,地面测报人员若不具备全面的实际工作经验,对突发性的、灾害性的天气应急能力不强,较易出现各种错误。本文针对本地区汛期常见的雷暴、强降水、大风、冰雹天气现象,浅要分析了汛期地面测报人员的注意事项。最后,概述了汛期其他天气状况下的工作要点,希望有助于提高地面测报工作的业务质量。 相似文献
19.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2022,38(4):1400-1404
This work presents key insights on the model development strategies used in our cross-learning-based retail demand forecast framework. The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art univariate models in the time series forecasting literature. It has achieved 17th position in the accuracy track of the M5 forecasting competition, which is among the top 1% of solutions. 相似文献
20.
《International Journal of Forecasting》2014,30(4):1110-1119
Using stochastic forecasting techniques, this paper assesses the consequences for public finances of changes in age and household structures in Denmark over the period 2008–2037. Focusing on components of welfare provisions and tax payments with noticeable differences across age and household status, we show that, based on a point forecast, the fiscal impact of changes in household structures amounts to an annual negative effect of 0.5% of GDP, and the effect of changes in age structures is forecast to worsen the public budget by 3.7% of GDP per year. While being subject to a considerable amount of uncertainty, the prospect of such a dramatic weakening of public finances is likely to trigger demands for welfare reforms characterized by a more individualized system of public transfer and tax payments, in addition to the measures that have already been taken to address the fiscal effects of population ageing. 相似文献