集团化经营与企业费用粘性——基于代理问题视角的分析

利用2005—2018年上市公司数据，从成本性态的角度考察集团化经营对企业费用粘性的影响。研究发现，企业集团的费用粘性显著高于非企业集团，即企业费用在业务量下降时减少的幅度要显著低于业务量上升时增加的幅度。进一步分析显示，这一结果对于自由现金流越多的企业集团更明显，相反，较优的治理结构能够抑制集团化经营对企业费用粘性的提升作用。     

基于时间序列方法的汇率波动研究

准确研究汇率的波动规律是进行汇率预测和风险控制的基础。本文通过应用ARCH族模型对人民币汇率形成机制改革以来的人民币/美元高频日汇率数据进行实证研究,发现GARCH模型对日汇率数据有很好的拟合效果。模型显示人民币对美元汇率收益序列波动有很明显的时变异方差性。发现当期收益率受前一天及上周同一天收益率显著影响。     

人民币汇率波动的微观效应——基于制造业上市公司财务数据的分析

根据我国522家制造业上市企业2001—2007年的财务数据,采用动态面板数据模型分析人民币汇率波动对企业融资能力的影响。研究结果表明:在企业存在货币错配的情况下,当期和滞后1期的人民币汇率波动对企业短期信贷能力和总信贷能力有显著的正相关效应,且滞后1期的效应更为明显,但对长期信贷能力的影响不明显。由于我国企业存在大量的债务型货币错配,人民币有效汇率的贬值给我国企业的融资能力带来了负面影响。     

关于人民币汇率制度前景的思考与探讨

当全球面临通货紧缩时，世界再次聚焦人民币，猜测人民币汇率能否顶住升值压力。研究从分析人民币汇率制度究竟是怎样的入手，进一步思考了人民币汇率制度改革中的汇率决定因素的变化与人民币汇率波动、人民币汇率变更与金融稳定、人民币汇率与什么挂钩这些问题，提出了消除人民币升值恐惧症。     

人民币汇率波动的股票价格效应研究

本文以人民币兑美元汇率RMB/USD及人民币兑澳元汇率RMB/AUD与上证综合指数、深圳成分指数及三支个股每日收盘价为样本,运用协整分析、Granger因果检验等方法,分析了2005年汇率改革后人民币汇率波动对股票价格走势的影响。研究发现,人民币兑美元汇率及人民币兑澳元汇率与股票价格之间均存在长期均衡的协整关系;股票价格与RMB/USD关系显著且存在双向因果关系,而对RMB/AUD反应显著但二者之间不存在双向因果关系;股票价格对人民币汇率波动的敏感度也因受不同行业因子的影响而变化。     

人民币汇率波动对交通运输业的影响

自2015年以来,人民币兑美元已经从6.11下降至6.90,下跌幅度高达13%。人民币汇率波动给国民经济发展带来的影响不容忽视,一方面,人民币汇率波动在中国的贸易出口、增强出口产品竞争力、吸引外资投资能力、提高中国企业利润率等方面发挥着优势;另一方面,人民币汇率波动也存在一些弊端,降低了中国国际地位和形象,加重外债还本付息压力,削弱了中国企业对外投资能力等。人民币汇率波动对各行业的影响是不一样的,交通运输业在国民经济发展过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文从金融角度分析了人民币汇率波动对航空运输业、民用航空业以及港口行业的影响,并从政府和交通运输企业角度提出应对人民币汇率波动的具体措施,旨在促进交通运输业在人民币汇率波动的客观环境下实现健康持续发展。     

汇率“急跌缓升”与企业生存能力——基于人民币“新常态”与异质性视角的实证研究

随着中国经济周期的转换,汇率"急跌缓升"成为了人民币的"新常态"。面对这种宏观环境的变化,企业的外贸订单、进口原材料价格等进一步受到冲击,企业的生存模式也会发生变化。本文整合企业层面的微观数据与汇率波动的宏观数据,基于企业异质性视角,研究上一经济周期中,人民币汇率"缓升"对企业生存与经营行为的作用机制,从而对未来人民币"新常态"与企业行为的微观机制进行研究。结果表明:人民币汇率"缓升"对不同类型企业"生存能力"的冲击存在显著差异;汇率"缓升"对沿海地区企业、民营企业、资本和技术密集型企业、大型企业生存模式的冲击较小;对内陆企业、国有企业、劳动和资源密集型企业、中小型企业生存模式的冲击较大。     

人民币汇率波动对工资收入的影响——基于城市面板数据的研究

自2005年7月21日人民币汇率形成机制启动后,人民币汇率波动成为常态。人民币币值波动及其波幅扩大对国内工资决定会有何影响,这对于我国金融市场发展、劳动力市场完善以及产业结构调整等具有重要意义。现利用全国省级、副省级和地级市为研究对象,研究2005~2014年人民币汇率水平和汇率波动对于城市居民平均工资水平的影响。研究结果发现,人民币汇率水平对于城市平均工资水平具有显著的正向影响,而人民币汇率波动性越高,越不利于工资水平的上涨,此结论通过了稳健性检验。在人民币汇率市场化改革进一步推进的背景下,要采取积极的工资收入政策,鼓励企业加大创新投入,完善金融市场。     

基于BSI法和LSI法的外贸企业国际结算风险管理

2010年6月19日,央行宣布进一步推进人民币汇率形成机制,增强人民币汇率弹性.汇改后,人民币汇率按照改革的要求实现了双向波动,人民币汇率水平已经开始反映出市场供求水平,波动幅度相对汇改前显著增强.中国企业在国际贸易中的不可控制风险,首先就是结算风险,而结算风险又与外汇风险密切相关.对于进出口企业来说,汇率风险将直接影响企业的支付成本、收入核算以及财务预测等.因此,控制外汇风险是各类有外汇收支需求的企业保值盈利的前提.     

金融负债异质性对制造业上市公司投资行为的研究

本文借鉴Richardson投资期望模型,以我国制造业上市公司2009年-2014年的面板数据为研究样本,以研究金融负债异质性对我国制造业上市公司投资行为的作用,实证发现:(1)制造业企业一方面存在滥用自由现金流进行过度投资的行为,但另一方面自由现金流的存在也缓解了企业的投资不足;(2)金融负债异质性可以通过抑制自由现金流以弱化制造业企业的过度投资行为,但金融负债异质性反而促进了制造业企业投资不足。     

资本结构理论和企业最优资本结构研究

影响企业资本结构的因素主要包括企业成本与销售稳定性、企业资产结构、偿债能力与现金流量、贷款人与信用评级机构的态度、金融市场动态、资金成本的高低。在对影响资本结构因素进行较为系统全面的考察基础上,得出企业综合成本最低时的资本结构与企业价值最大时的资本结构是一致的,而衡量资本综合成本的指标一般采用企业加权平均资本成本,因此,企业最优资本结构也就是企业加权资本成本最低时的资本结构。     

现金股利、股权结构和组织特征:一个Logistic分析

本文以763家上海证券交易所A股上市公司2003年的横截面数据为观察值,运用logistic回归分析分别考察了股权结构和组织特征对现金股利发放概率的实证影响。本文发现,股权结构(第一大股东持股、前二大股东持股和前三大股东持股)对现金股利发放概率具有显著的正向影响。公司各项组织特征(成长性机会、每股收益、每股留存盈余、资产规模和财务杠杆)也对现金股利发放概率具有显著的影响。本文的结论支持自由现金流假说。     

Ownership concentration,separation of voting rights from cash flow rights,and earnings management: an empirical study in Canada

Drawing from models of Jones (1991) and Kothari, Leone, and Wasley (2005), this study examines the relationship between Canadian corporate ownership structure and earnings management from 1995 to 1999. There is evidence of a nonmonotonic relationship. The concentration of voting and cash flow rights with the ultimate owner first increases earnings management, but as the level of ownership concentration increases, earnings management decreases. There is also a positive correlation between earnings management and voting and cash flow rights divergence. This is particularly evident when the gap between voting and cash flow rights is high. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is there Informational Value in Corporate Giving?

In this article, we propose that giving in cash and non-cash (in-kind) differ in their relation with the giving firm’s future corporate financial performance (CFP) and only cash giving is associated with future CFP. Using a novel dataset from ASSET4 that differentiates corporate giving over a sample period of 2002–2012, we examine three competing hypotheses: (1) agency cost hypothesis that cash giving reflects agency cost and destroys value for shareholders, (2) investment hypothesis that cash giving is an investment by management that aims for better future return, and (3) information hypothesis that cash giving has informational value to shareholders as cash is a critical resource at a firm and giving is a decision by managers who are insiders. We find that indeed, only cash giving is positively associated with future CFP and firm value, measured by Fama–French five-factor abnormal risk-adjusted stock returns, future return on assets, and Tobin’s Q. In addition, we find that the positive association exists only between excess, i.e., unexpected, but not expected cash giving and future CFP. Our empirical findings support the information hypothesis, but neither the agency hypothesis nor the investment hypothesis, and are robust to a number of endogeneity tests, including orthogonalized cash giving, instrumental variable regression using geography-based instruments, and propensity score matching. Furthermore, we show that the positive association between future CFP and unexpected cash giving is only pronounced at firms with good governance and relatively higher sales growth where agency problems are less likely, and at firms with no alternative mechanisms to demonstrate the strength of cash flow. Additionally, we do not find evidence that suggests in-kind giving to possess any informational value.     

控制权、现金流权与公司业绩——来自中国民营上市公司的经验研究

本文选取了2004年底在深市和沪市上市交易的238家民营公司作为样本,通过层层追溯控制链辨认了我国民营上市公司的最终控制股东,考察了最终控制股东拥有的控制权与现金流权及其偏离的程度,并进行了实证分析。结果发现在我国民营上市公司中,最终控制股东控制权的集中程度较高,并且其现金流权与控制权存在着偏离。最终控制股东的现金流权与公司业绩显著正相关,控制权与现金流权的偏离程度与公司业绩显著负相关     

Cash holdings and corporate governance in family-controlled firms

This study examines the association between corporate governance and cash policy within family-controlled firms. Family businesses are complex, because, in addition to dealing with common business requirements and opportunities, they must consider the needs and desires of the family owners. The results of this study show that the impact of corporate governance, with its separation of control rights and cash flow rights, director-ownership-in-pledge ratio and proportion of independent directors on cash policy, differs between family-controlled and nonfamily-controlled firms. Separation of seat control rights and cash flow rights, as well as chair duality, significantly affects the cash policy within different levels of cash holdings in firms.     

Corporate Legitimacy and Investment–Cash Flow Sensitivity

This study provides novel evidence of the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on investment sensitivity to cash flows. We posit that CSR affects investment–cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) through information asymmetry and agency costs, commonly viewed as the two channels through which investment responds to the availability of internal cash flows. We find that CSR performance leads to a decrease in ICFS. We further find that ICFS decreases (increases) when CSR strengths (concerns) increase. Finally, we find that the effect of CSR on ICFS is driven by the areas Community, Diversity, and Human Rights. In sum, the findings of this study stress the relevance of CSR—in particular, of CSR activities that extend beyond compliance behavior and reflect what is desired by society—in reducing market frictions and improving firms’ access to financial capital.     

How important is marketing efficiency?

The best practice, key indicator of marketing performance is widely claimed to be Return on Investment (ROI). This paper takes issue both with ROI and the relative level of attention given to marketing efficiency. It argues that achieving integrated marketing and corporate goals is far more important, namely marketing effectiveness. The aim of marketing is the sourcing and harvesting of cash flow the cash flow which is the lifeblood of the business. The intangible asset, brand equity, is the store of created demand not yet converted into sales and needs to be taken into account. Thus marketing differs from other types of expenditure and should be treated accordingly.     

Ownership Structure and Insider Trading: Evidence from China

In this paper, we examine the information content of insider transactions in China and analyze how ownership structures shape market reaction to these transactions. We find that the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) to insider purchases is a convex function of the percentage of shares owned by the largest shareholder. Further, the CAR to insider purchases is lower when the largest shareholder is government-related, or when the control rights of the largest shareholder exceed its cash flow rights. We also find that the market reaction to insider purchases is more positive for firms audited by Big4 auditors. However, we do not find a significant relationship between an ownership structure and the market reaction to insider sales. Our results are remarkably robust to alternative model specifications, corporate insider identities, and recent corporate news releases on price-sensitive events. Finally, we show that market reaction to insider purchases is larger for firms with less severe expropriations, as captured by the use of other receivables.     

Alignment or entrenchment? Corporate governance and cash holdings in growing firms

This study contends that the association between corporate cash holdings and corporate governance is subject to the investment environments that firms face. For example, firms with an abundance of investment opportunities have a strong incentive to hold cash in order to maintain their competitive positions. Shareholders accept high levels of cash holdings in such growing firms if corporate governance can protect their interests. This study examines the effects of corporate governance on cash holdings for a sample of high-tech firms. The results show that CEO ownership, the directorship of venture capitalists (VCs), and independent directors play critical roles in corporate cash policy. In addition, the boards are more effective when the firms' CEOs are also their founders or when VCs hold a large stake of company shares. The effects of corporate governance are more significant in younger firms while the effects of firm-specific economic variables are more significant in older firms in the sample.