基于投资成本的FDI区位选择问题研究

本文从成本视角分析了FDI区位决策的价值取向,即影响FDI区位决策的成本因素分解为三大类:生产成本、运输成本和交易成本。其中,劳动力成本是构成生产成本的主体部分,而运输成本和交易成本相对于生产成本来讲,对FDI区位决策影响较小。文章特别提出,劳动力成本影响FDI区位决策具有特殊性,即外资企业对劳动力成本的敏感度与企业类型有关,大多数外资企业在做区位决策时将低廉的劳动力成本视为主要考虑因素,但资本密集型、技术密集型企业主要考虑劳动者素质而不是劳动力成本。因此,地方政府制定引进外资政策时,要根据外资企业类型制定差异化引资政策。     

外商直接投资在华区位分布的实证研究

我国吸收的FDI存在明显的区域分布不平衡问题.本文利用我国2009年31个省级单位的数据和线性回归模型对影响FDI区位分布的因素进行了实证分析.研究结果显示,劳动力成本和市场规模是外商在华直接投资区位选择最为重视的因素.市场化程度、基础设施对FDI在华区域分布也有重要影响.人力资本在FDI区位选择中的作用目前还不甚明显.在此基础上提出了有效引进FDI的相关政策建议.     

江西省外商投资区位配置经济效应分析

基于大量统计数据,运用多元回归等方法检验FDI区位分布情况,以此评价各地区FDI环境。研究结果表明:经济发展人均规模、国家相关政策、各产业结构组成、经济开放水平、基础设施、经济市场化水平、要素成本等都是影响FDI区位分布的重要因素。从FDI与国内资本比较的角度,对江西省FDI资本效应、宏观经济增长效应进行了实证分析,发现江西省FDI对经济增长的供给效应稍强于需求效应,相较于国内投资,FDI对经济增长的贡献要小,对国内资本有着明显的资本效应。     

地方官员会影响FDI的区位选择吗——基于倍差法的实证研究

目前对FDI流入影响因素的研究主要集中在非制度和制度因素中的政府效率方面,而对政府官员尤其是地方政府官员的作用还少有涉及。本文利用省级地方官员(省长、省委书记)交流数据,采用倍差法定量考察了省级地方官员对FDI区位选择的影响。研究发现,省长(省委书记)交流会对FDI的区位选择产生显著的正影响,使辖区FDI流入量提高20%左右。这种官员交流效应在弱内生性以及稳健性检验中依然显著。本文研究将为中央完善官员交流机制、吸引FDI以促进地区经济协调发展提供理论和经验上的支持。     

我国利用FDI项目中的环境保护问题

本文分析了发达国家向发展中国家转移污染主要通过两种方式:一是通过产业投资进行转移;二是通过国际贸易进行转移。FDI对我国的环境污染主要分布在东部地区。FDI项目中转移污染密集产业的原因主要是我国与国外的环境标准不统一以及我国地方政府的干预。为了减少FDI对我国环境造成的不利影响,本论文从法律、经济、政策等方面着手,提出了一些经济政策方面的对策。     

入世前后我国各地区FDI经济环境比较研究

文章按照入世前后两个阶段,对比地研究了中国加入世界贸易组织前后各省级行政区域的FDI环境及其变化,确立了影响FDI区位分布的指标因素及其相对重要性。文章对因子模型进行改进,得到了因子加权模型;以世界投资报告中选取的指标为基准,筛取了指标变量,并将1997-2004年的数据带入因子加权模型进行计算,得到了影响我国FDI区位分布的指标因素的相对重要性排序;并据此将入世前后我国各地区FDI环境进行了排序。     

制造业劳动力成本上升对FDI区位转移的影响——基于周边国家跨国面板数据的分析

劳动力成本比较优势动态变化是FDI区位转移的重要影响因素.运用单位劳动力成本(ULC)来衡量一国劳动力成本竞争优势,在对比分析中国与周边国家劳动力成本动态变化趋势基础上,通过构建数理模型来分析劳动力成本变化对FDI区位转移所起的内在作用,最后运用周边国家的跨国面板数据,检验了制造业劳动力成本变化对FDI区位选择的影响力,以期为中国相关决策提供理论依据和政策参考.     

引资竞争与地方政府环境规制

本文从外商直接投资(FDI)与环境之间的关系入手,结合"污染避难所"有关假说,在FDI区位选择理论中加入地方政府环境规制因素。从理论和实证的角度分析是否存在地方政府以降低环境规制为手段策略性争夺FDI以及地方政府环境规制"竞争到底"(race-to-bottom)的事实。基于2005年至2013年28个省区的面板数据,本文对以上两个假说进行实证检验。根据经验分析结果,地方政府降低环境规制水平的确能够吸引更多的FDI,出于辖区利益最大化的目标,地方政府有动机降低环境规制水平;考察环境规制策略性的空间计量模型显示,地方政府之间的环境政策博弈的确存在着"竞争到底"的特征。     

我国企业FDI区位选择对比分析

本文阐述了我国企业FDI区位选择的分布现状,对比分析了我国企业FDI区位选择上存在的主要问题及变化趋势,并在此基础上指出制约我国企业FDI区位选择的因素。     

外资影响我国出口产品质量的差异性研究:从一个地区市场化程度的视角

我国正在经历从出口成本优势向质量优势转型的重要时期。外资对我国出口产品质量的影响及其差异性成为政府和学界关注的问题。本文从市场化水平、政府与市场的关系以及知识产权保护等三个方面检验了制度因素对外资质量溢出的影响。回归结果表明:(1)市场化程度低确实抑制FDI质量溢出;(2)政府干预对外资质量溢出效应产生了负面影响。在低市场化程度或者高政府干预样本组中,FDI质量溢出效应不显著;(3)知识产权保护对FDI质量溢出的影响程度非常有限。本文的结论为政策制定者提供了决策参考依据。简政放权、降低企业面临的行政成本是促进我国本土企业改善其出口产品质量的重要抓手。     

International business complexity and the internationalization of languages

While the impacts of culture on international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) have been much discussed, the influence of languages has been underappreciated in international business. We address this paucity by integrating literature from international economics, international business, Chinese business history, and linguistics to examine the transaction costs of languages. While we recognize that languages represent both a tool in international economic transactions and a vehicle to transmit cultural values, our results point out that this tool is employed differently in international trade and in FDI. Communication costs for both FDI and international trade show a hierarchy, with English the most inexpensive among major trade languages; however, we find that communication costs are much more important in FDI than in international trade. Herein, we offer practical suggestions corporations may implement regarding the matter.     

The indirect effects of foreign direct investment on trade: A network perspective

The relationship between international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the main features of globalisation. In this paper, we investigate the effects of FDI on trade from a network perspective, since FDI takes not only direct but also indirect channels from origin to destination countries because of firms’ incentive to reduce tax burden, to minimise coordination costs and to break barriers to market entry. We use a unique data set of international corporate control as a measure of stock FDI to construct a corporate control network (CCN), where the nodes are the countries and the edges are the corporate control relationships. Network measures, as the shortest path length and the communicability, are then computed on the CCN to capture the indirect channel of FDI. Empirically, we find that corporate control has a positive effect on trade both directly and indirectly. The result is robust with different specifications and estimation strategies. Hence, our paper provides strong empirical evidence of the indirect effects of FDI on trade. Moreover, we identify a number of interplaying factors such as regional trade agreements and the region of Asia. We also find that the indirect effects are more pronounced for the manufacturing sector than for primary sectors such as oil extraction and agriculture.     

How do country regulations and business environment impact foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows?

How do multinationals choose which countries to invest in? This study addresses the essential question of the impact of regulatory variables in attracting or deterring foreign direct investment (FDI). We separate regulatory variables based on different stages of a firm’s life-cycle. Using World Bank data for 189 economies, we examine which host country regulatory factors influence inward FDI. We find that countries with stronger contract enforcement and more efficient international trade regulations attract more FDI. The interaction terms suggest that multinational companies are willing to trade-off a country's poorer institutional variable in return for another where the institutional variable is stronger. For example, multinationals are willing to invest in countries with less efficient entry and exit regulations in exchange for stronger contract enforcement. These results also have important implications for government policy reform.     

Determinants of FDI inflows to Arab economies

The paper studies location determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) to 16 Arab economies over the period from 1984 to 2012, by employing Arellano–Bover/Blundell–Bond linear dynamic panel data estimation. We find that market size, trade openness, preferential trade agreements and financial development have significant positive impact on FDI inflows to Arab economies. FDI in Arab economies appears to be resource seeking since the total oil supply variable is positive and significant. The paper finds that better institutions and educated labour force may play a key role in attracting FDI inflows. We suggest that Arab economies should sequence their economic policy measures with the institutional ones, beginning with a focus on privatization and trade liberalization, and subsequently shift to improvement in economic growth.     

The Trade‐Off between Foreign Direct Investments and Exports: The Role of Multiple Dimensions of Distance

To serve foreign markets, firms can either export or set up a local subsidiary through horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). The conventional proximity–concentration theory suggests that FDI substitutes for trade if distance between countries is large, while exports become more important if scale economies in production are large. This paper investigates empirically the effect of different dimensions of distance on the choice between exports and FDI. We find that different dimensions of distance affect exports and FDI differently. There is clear evidence of a proximity–concentration trade‐off in geographical terms: the share of FDI sales in total foreign sales increases with geographical distance. The positive relation between import tariffs and FDI intensity provides further evidence for a trade‐off resulting from trade costs. On the other hand, the share of FDI decreases with language differences and cultural and institutional barriers. The latter dimensions of distance thus affect FDI more strongly than exports.     

洗钱对我国外商直接投资的影响--基于上市公司面板数据的实证研究

以2007－2012年我国外商持股上市公司为研究对象,以知识资本模型和知识资本—洗钱模型为基础,对比离岸国家（地区）与非离岸国家（地区）对我国的外商直接投资,研究洗钱对我国外商直接投资的影响。结果表明：洗钱对我国外商直接投资有显著影响,绝对市场规模对外商直接投资进入我国制造业、房地产及整体行业有抑制作用;相对市场规模对外商直接投资进入我国制造业、批发零售业、房地产及整体行业有促进作用;劳动力丰裕度严重抑制外商直接投资进入我国制造业、批发零售业、房地产及整个行业;贸易成本和距离均与我国外商直接投资量成反比。     

论外贸企业的虚拟经营

随着信息技术的发展,生产者与消费者通过网络直接交易成为可能,商品在国际市场上的流动更加畅通。传统专业外贸企业作为“贸易中介”的作用相对弱化,引发了外贸企业组织结构的深刻变革。外贸企业的虚拟经营,形成了新的工贸关系。外贸企业依靠研发和品牌由过去生产企业商品的推销者,转变为国际市场的主导者。     

Mode of entry mode into a foreign market: the case of U.S. mutual funds in Canada

U.S. mutual fund companies offer funds in Canada through two channels: foreign direct investment or trade in advisement services. The total value of U.S.-controlled funds amounts to 18% of the Canadian equity fund market. This paper investigates how the fund-level and firm-level characteristics affect the channel used to enter the Canadian market. Empirical results indicate that the funds offered through FDI are not especially successful in the U.S. market but are associated with dominant companies, whereas the funds offered through trade in advisement services are highly successful in the U.S. market and are from companies with relatively few successful funds.     

Foreign direct investment,institutional quality,economic freedom and entrepreneurship in emerging markets

This study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investment, institutional quality, economic freedom, and entrepreneurship in emerging markets. The research compares the capacity and appetite for business creation among high-income, low-income and emerging countries. The results are based on a panel study of data, from 2004 to 2009 for 87 countries, using as its source “The World Bank Entrepreneurship Snapshots” to look at the connection between business creation, institutional quality, market freedom and foreign direct investment (FDI). The findings reveal a strong positive relationship between institutional quality and business generation in all three of the above categories. The freedom to create businesses and invest has an impact on business generation in emerging countries, while the influence of international trade appears more important as a spur to the genesis of business in low-income countries. Finally, there is a direct and significant relationship between FDI and business development in emerging countries. This result is consistent with “the spillover theory of entrepreneurship” (,  and ).     

国际贸易与FDI:基于提高国民福利水平的比较

国际贸易与对外直接投资是参与国际经济交流与合作的方式,二者都会影响参与国社会福利水平的改变。通过构建两个相同市场容量的完全垄断市场下的古诺模型,对国际贸易与FD I提高国民的社会福利水平的效率问题进行比较,认为国际贸易较FD I对提高国民社会福利水平更有效。