警惕钢铁产能继续扩张

近日,国际经合组织（OECD）钢铁委员会主席在巴黎表示,全球经济增长态势强劲带动了钢铁行业连续数年的惊人表现．但目前该行业面临全球产能过剩的风险。     

煤碳行业去产能背景下金融风险的防范研究

“十三五”开局之年,中国经济面临“去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板”五大任务.在经济新常态下,煤炭行业呈现市场需求不足,产能严重过剩,价格升降反复,经济效益不断下降.煤炭行业作为化解产能过剩、推动供给侧结构性改革的重点领域,面临前所未有的困难和挑战.当前金融在支持煤炭行业化解产能过剩和脱困发展中引发的信贷风险日益显现,严重困扰着银行信贷资产质量.本文以吕梁市煤炭储产量最大的柳林县为调研对象,针对“去产能”过程中煤炭行业面临的金融支持及贷款风险,提出完善信贷资源配置,加快信贷结构调整,有效防范金融风险的对策建议.     

产能过剩折射浮躁心态

中国经济时常上演"前脚踩油门,后脚踩刹车"的肥皂剧。行业暴利驱使企业蜂涌而上,而僧多粥少又会导致恶意竞争,到头来是许多中小企业走上不归路。"     

产能过剩亮起警灯

历经一年的冷热之争,2005年中国经济最终以“高增长,低通胀”的不俗成绩画上了句号,但与此同时,部分行业产能过剩的警灯也随之亮起。为何在宏观调控取得成效后产能过剩问题会如此凸显?过剩产能又将如何消化等等,成为经济人士关注的热点话题。如何影响中国经济国务院发展研究中心宏观经济部张立群认为,产能过剩在不同阶段呈现出不同的形态:经济萧条时,产能过剩可能带来持续的经济偏冷;而从目前中国发展的阶段和大国特点看,产能过剩不一定导致经济偏冷。“只要政策得力,调控好失衡的投资和消费比例关系,GDP仍会保持在8%的合理速度。”国家发…     

产能泡沫覆压中国制造业

依靠着高投资带动经济高成长是中国经济最为明显的路径依赖。巨额的投资不仅来自于国家财政的供给,而且政府可以通过压低土地、劳动力、资金、资源、环境等各类要素价格以刺激和鼓励企业进行固定资产投资,以致过去10年中国内固定资产投资增长率年均一直保持在20％以上,其增速令全球各国望尘莫及。大规模真金白银的确驱动了国内经济的一路迅跑,同时也沉淀下来了可观的生产能力。问题的关键在于,由于过低的产能利用率,我国长期积压而成的生产能力并不能得到充分的利用和有效的释放,产能过剩由此构成了我国制造业的一大硬伤。     

中国工业“去产能”的制度分析

中国工业经济面临的周期性过剩和体制性过剩问题,是当前中国经济供给侧所面临的核心问题,形成这一问题的原因既有市场机制的不健全,但更重要的是经济运行的制度性缺失所造成的资源配置关系的扭曲,因此,必须从制度的层面上认识和解决工业的产能过剩,这也是中国供给侧改革的重要方面。     

产能过剩背景下水泥业发展的有关思考——广西贵港市视角

中国经济高速增长三十多年带动了水泥制造业迅猛发展,目前我国水泥产量约占全世界产量50％.产能过剩、环境污染、融资困难等问题是水泥行业发展面临的重大制约.本文以广西水泥生产基地贵港市为视角,分析水泥企业发展现状、面临的困难和机遇,并提出有关思考.     

威胁中国经济的依然是产能过剩

上半年数据显示,自今年年初以来我国经济存在加快增长趋势。去年受到产能过剩压力的钢铁、水泥等产业的增长率也开始重新加速。有消息说去年国家发改委审定的11个产能过剩部门,目前只剩下了5个,中国的生产过剩矛盾似乎正在逝去。是什么原因促使中国经济发生了这些变化?我认为不     

产能过剩的误解、厘清及化解之策

本文重新厘清了产能过剩的内涵,发现从经济学角度理解产能过剩更为合理且产能过剩程度也相对较轻;理论上企业出于对潜在竞争对手的威胁会保持适度的产能过剩。理解中国的产能过剩需结合政府、市场和行业特征综合分析,产能过剩行业既受到政府管制、又允许市场竞争的行业特征,中央、地方两级政府在化解产能过剩政策执行方面激励不相容的特点是理解中国长期产能过剩的关键;最后本文从产能过剩的统计、理解、产业政策方面提出了化解产能过剩的政策建议。     

当前产能过剩问题:表现、根源与对策

当前中国多个行业存在着产能过剩问题,在总量、结构、对外贸易等方面都有表现;产能过剩的根源在于粗放的经济增长方式、有效需求不足等.为了消除产能过剩带来的不良影响,国家必须在宏观调控、体制改革等方面加大力度;商业银行也必须在防范产能过剩引起的系统性风险方面有所作为.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.