2017年世界贸易与投资形势回顾与展望北大核心SSCI

2017年,美国、欧元区、日本等发达经济体的经济整体回暖,新兴市场与发展中经济体的经济复苏态势也比较强劲,从而带动全球经济增长,推升需求增加,并拉动全球范围内的贸易与投资走出低谷。展望2018年,全球经济形势整体较为乐观,     

2019年世界经济形势回顾与展望

<正>2019年,世界经济增速放缓至近十年来的最低水平,主要经济体经济呈现同步减速趋势。全球制造业活动普遍疲弱,国际贸易增长近乎停滞,外国直接投资(FDI)增速持续下降,全球货币政策转向宽松。展望2020年,世界经济面临的多重不确定因素尚未消除,前景仍充满变数。初步判断,世界经济增长或将有所回暖,但总体增长乏力局面难以改观。     

准确把握全球经济发展趋势——中国经济年会观点综述之一

2012年1月14日,在中国国际经济交流中心举办的中国经济年会(2011～2012)上,围绕"直面挑战,寻找世界经济发展新突破"议题,与会专家认为,2012年国际经济形势仍然严峻,但也有很多积极因素。世界经济格局正在发生新的变化,既面临严峻挑战,也面临新的机遇,分析世界经济要打破常规思维方式。     

新冠肺炎疫情对世界经济的影响分析

新型冠状肺炎病毒疫情突发,正从局部向全球扩散,对世界经济的影响正在发酵且不断蔓延,2020年世界经济继续放缓的风险进一步加大,不排除个别国家出现经济衰退的可能性。作为世界第二大经济体,中国经济自身即受到疫情影响,也会有溢出,中国经济率先走出疫情意义重大。尽管疫情终将被控制,一系列措施也会使经济走出低谷,但风险依然存在。中国经济外部环境更加严峻、拯救经济的政策风险后遗症以及全球供应链产业链重置的挑战都不可低估。     

Measuring the effectiveness of US monetary policy during the COVID-19 recession

The COVID-19 recession that started in March 2020 led to an unprecedented decline in economic activity across the globe. To fight this recession, policy makers in central banks engaged in expansionary monetary policy. This paper asks whether the measures adopted by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) have been effective in boosting real activity and calming financial markets. To measure these effects at high frequencies, we propose a novel mixed frequency vector autoregressive (MF-VAR) model. This model allows us to combine weekly and monthly information within a unified framework. Our model combines a set of macroeconomic aggregates such as industrial production, unemployment rates, and inflation with high-frequency information from financial markets such as stock prices, interest rate spreads, and weekly information on the Fed's balance sheet size. The latter set of high-frequency time series is used to dynamically interpolate the monthly time series to obtain weekly macroeconomic measures. We use this setup to simulate counterfactuals in absence of monetary stimulus. The results show that the monetary expansion caused higher output growth and stock market returns, more favorable long-term financing conditions and a depreciation of the US dollar compared with a no-policy benchmark scenario.     

Subjective beliefs and economic preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic

Experimental Economics - The COVID-19 pandemic presents a remarkable opportunity to put to work all of the research that has been undertaken in past decades on the elicitation and structural...     

Material and nonmaterial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a low-income country

How have COVID-19-related restrictions affected consumption levels and life satisfaction in low-income countries? We conducted phone surveys with 577 households in Liberia to compare consumption patterns across three points in time: November 2019 (pre-COVID-19), May 2020 (short term), and September 2020 (medium term). This article analyzes the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and the related restrictions on food and nonfood consumption, which we categorize as “material” welfare and life satisfaction, which we categorize as “nonmaterial” welfare. We find differences between food and nonfood consumption patterns under pandemic conditions. In particular, consumption by households dependent on food and labor markets was negatively affected by the pandemic. In terms of life satisfaction, we find that most respondents perceived their lives to have worsened due to the pandemic.     

On the stability of risk and time preferences amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Experimental Economics - We elicited incentivized measures of risk and time preferences from a sample of undergraduate students in Athens, Greece, in waves that preceded and overlapped with the...     

The shape of recovery: Implications of past experience for the duration of the COVID-19 recession

In this paper we seek to make headway on the question of what recovery from Covid-19 recession may look like, focusing on the duration of the recovery – that is, how long it will take to re-attain the levels of output and employment reached at the prior business cycle peak. We start by categorizing all post-1960 recessions in advanced countries and emerging markets into supply-shock, demand-shock and both-shock induced recessions. We measure recovery duration as the number of years required to re-attain pre-recession levels of output or employment. We then rely on the earlier literature on business cycle dynamics to identify candidate variables that can help to account for variations in recovery duration following different kinds of shocks. By asking which of these variables are operative in the Covid-19 recession, we can then draw inferences about the duration of the recovery under different scenarios. A number of our statistical results point in the direction of lengthy recoveries.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of labor market interventions on reducing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper evaluates whether different labor market policy interventions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been effective in reducing its adverse impacts. We construct a database covering 165 countries and 39 labor market interventions grouped into four pillars: stimulating the economy and jobs (pillar 1); supporting enterprises, employment, and incomes (pillar 2); protecting workers (pillar 3); and social dialogue (pillar 4). The results revealed that measures taken under pillars 1, 2, and 3 have reduced the impacts of the pandemic on economic growth; measures under pillar 4 were significantly associated with reducing its impacts on employment and those under pillar 2 with reducing its impacts on working hours.     

The stock market and NO2 emissions effects of COVID-19 around the world

In this paper, we study the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in estimated panel vector autoregression models for 92 countries. The large cross-section of countries allows us to shed light on the heterogeneity of the responses of stock markets and nitrogen dioxide emissions as high-frequency measures of economic activity. We quantify the effect of the number of infections and four dimensions of policy measures: (1) containment and closure, (2) movement restrictions, (3) economic support, and (4) adjustments of health systems. Our main findings show that a surprise increase in the number of infections triggers a drop in our two measures of economic activity. Propping up economic support measures, in contrast, raises stock returns and emissions and, thus, contributes to the economic recovery. We also document vast differences in the responses across subsets of countries and between the first and the second wave of infections.     

纾解疫情形势下民营企业融资难题

近年来,受去杠杆、中美贸易摩擦等多重因素影响,我国民营企业面临融资贵、融资难、无法获得发展资金的困境,无论银行信贷等间接融资途径还是发行债券等直接融资途径都面临很大困难。在民营企业融资难、融资贵问题近年来积重已久的背景下,突发的新冠肺炎疫情,引起举国防疫隔离,经济活力大幅下滑,民营企业的融资形势更为严峻。在外有贸易摩擦、内有防疫战的环境下,实现民营企业平稳度过内忧外患,保持稳健发展,应进一步推动金融供给侧改革,从短期应急性救助、中期结构性筛选以及长期规划性发展三方面入手,推动解决这一难题,提升民营企业融资能力和我国金融市场发展水平,促进我国国民经济按照预期平稳健康可持续发展。