Rural Industrialization: A comparison of development planning in China and India

This paper attempts to show the very considerable differences in rural industry promotion and development in China and India. Both countries have a rural industrial sector with employment levels in the region of 20 million. Overall figures and characteristics are compared and contrasted. The Chinese planners stress skill formation and the development of regional industrial structures while employment per se is emphasized in India. This has considerable consequences for urban–rural relations, which are specifically discussed in the Chinese context. Finally, the paper shows how the expansion of the rural industrial sector enables the consolidation of the collective economy at a higher level and thus assists the implementation of socialist transformation.     

Household appliance ownership and income inequality: Evidence from micro data in China

As the residential sector is becoming increasingly important in the total energy consumption and appliance ownership is a significant but under-examined driver, this study investigates the relationship between income inequality and appliance ownership using panel data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We find that income inequality has negative impacts on appliance penetration rate across specifications, except for the initial development stage. On average, households start adopting air conditioners at a threshold of over 60,000 (2011 RMB) based on annual income, much higher than TV, fridge and washer (8500–9000 RMB). The empirical results validate the S-shape curve of appliance established in the literature. To understand the magnitude of the impact and policy implications, we further simulate the impact of poverty alleviation and the penetration paths under inclusive versus exclusive income growth. Our results demonstrate that current poverty line is too low to achieve appliance adoption – a signal for modern life-styles. In addition, a more inclusive growth path could lead to much higher penetration for regions that have relatively low growth rate.     

国际资本流入与经济增长的关系--来自中国和印度的比较研究

本文以中国和印度为研究对象，从资本总量和结构上考查了国际资本流入对两国经济增长的影响，通过理论分析和计量模型检验得出结论；在中国，外商直接投资与经济增长同向变动，外国证券投资与经济增长反向变动；在印度，外商直接投资与经济增长之间的关系不稳定，外国证券投资以及外债等其他投资与经济增长有稳定的同向变动关系，外资在两国经济增长过程中发挥作用的途径有明显区别，中国主要通过吸引外商直接投资，提高企业竞争力，刺激出口来拉动经济增长；印度主要是通过借外债和吸引外国证券投资，补充本国资金不足，增加本国的消费和投资，刺激内需来拉动经济增长。     

Banking in the Shadows: A Comparative Study of China and India

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the rise of shadow banking in China and India. In this paper, we aim to get a better understanding of the differences in trends and investigate the factors leading to the increase of shadow banking in these two major emerging economies. We find that financial exclusion is a common factor leading to the growth of shadow banking in both countries. While financial reform has taken place in India, financially repressive policies still prevail in China. Although several regulatory measures have been adopted in India and China, the size of the shadow banking sector in these two countries remains underestimated. Thus, streamlining and enhancing data collection is a key priority for both nations. We argue that regulation in both countries should be more activity focused (specific field in which a shadow bank is focused on) rather than sector or entity based, and it should be at par with banks. The shadow banks provide last mile connectivity to remote, distant, and ignored segments of the population not serviced by the formal financial sector. As this enhances financial inclusion, a balanced approach is required keeping in view both costs and benefits of the shadow banking system.     

Inflation targeting in India: A comparison with the multiple indicator approach

The empirical literature on identification and measurement of the impact of monetary policy shocks on the real side of the economy is fairly comprehensive for developed economies, but very limited for emerging and transition economies. In this study, we propose an identification scheme for a developing economy (taking India as a case study), which is able to capture the monetary transmission mechanism for that economy without giving rise to empirical anomalies. Using a VAR approach with recursive contemporaneous restrictions, we identify monetary policy shocks by modelling the reaction function of the central bank and structure of that economy. The effect of monetary policy shocks on the exchange rate and other macroeconomic variables is consistent with the predictions of a broad set of theoretical models. This set-up is used to build a hypothetical case of inflation targeting where the monetary policy instrument is set after assessing the current values of inflation only. This is in contrast with the ‘multiple indicator approach’ currently followed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The results in this study suggest that the demand effects of interest rate are stronger than the exchange rate effects. There is also evidence of the mitigation of potential conflict between exchange rate and interest rate, one of main monetary policy dilemmas of the RBI in inflation targeting.     

China and India： A Tale of Two Economies

I. Two Populous GiantsIt has been conventional wisdom to make comparison between the two geographicallylarge and populous countries, which share a long common border, have entrepreneurialtrading heritage, enormous internal diversity, large agricultural sectors, ancient culturesand almost five thousand years of histories. Both were noted for their economic prowess inthe past, albeit their more recent history of the last two centuries has been replete withdistressful colonization of one and eco…     

中印就业比较及启示

中国与印度均面临着较为严峻的就业问题,受到经济发展阶段、人口状况与就业政策等多种因素的影响,中印在就业总量与就业结构等方面面临的问题及采取促进就业的措施有所不同.本文比较研究中印就业总量、就业结构以及促进就业措施的异同,提出了中国与印度可供选择的相互借鉴的扩大就业的措施.     

中国与印度证券市场对比分析

本是通过多种经济数据的对比，来分析中国与印度在证券市场体系、制度、结构与表象之间的差距，寻找我国证券市场的问题所在，以及改进的办法。     

中国和印度两国银行业现实竞争力的国际比较

基于英国《银行家》杂志"世界1000家大银行"排名的数据资料,文章从资本实力、经营规模、经营效率、经营的安全稳健性等几个方面入手,对中国和印度两国银行业的现实竞争力进行比较分析。分析表明,我国商业银行在保持资本实力增长和资产规模扩张的同时,经营效率和稳健性需要迅速提高。     

中越经济改革的比较

目前,中国的经济改革已经将近30年,越南的改革进程也有了21年。在此期间,两国经济都取得了令人瞩目的成就,本文将就两国经济改革的相同点与不同点进行阐述,并分析两国经济改革面临的挑战。     

中国与印度发展比较

中国和印度是目前世界上经济发展最快的两个国家,两国有许多共同之处,其中包括地域辽阔人口众多、面临相类似的挑战、拥有古老的文明以及经济的快速崛     

Income and consumption inequality in China: A comparative approach with India

We analyse income and expenditure distribution in China in a comparative perspective with India. These countries represent extreme cases in the relationship of inequality to both wellbeing indicators. Income is more highly concentrated than expenditure in India, especially at the top of the distribution. Both types of inequality are similar in China, although expenditure is more unequally distributed than income in urban areas. China has a much stronger correlation in individual ranks and levels between the two wellbeing distributions. As a result, expenditure inequality is higher in China than in India, but income inequality much lower. This results partially from differences in population composition, such as China being more urbanized and having smaller households, but mostly from differences in conditional income distributions, especially by attained education of the household head. We show that hybrid measures of wellbeing combining income and expenditure can be useful for such cross-country comparison.     

中印软件产业发展比较研究

随着信息经济时代的到来，以计算机软件为主的信息技术在中印两国均得到了迅猛发展。两国发展软件产业基本是同一时期起步的，但目前它们发展的现状却有一定的差距。鉴于此，本文就分析了两国在软件产业方面差异的原因，并对中国以后软件产业的发展提出了一定的建议。     

印度如何超过中国?——中印发展模式比较与分析

黄亚生和塔伦·坎纳所写的《印度能否超过中国?》引发了一场争论。本文针对该文的逻辑,对印度经济超越中国的说法提出了质疑。经过比较和分析中印两国在外国直接投资对经济增长的作用、制度环境和主导产业发展等方面的差异,笔者得不出印度能够超过中国的结论。     

Unemployment duration and unemployment insurance: a comparative analysis based on Scandinavian micro data

Based on pooled register data from Norway and Sweden, we findthat differences in unemployment duration patterns reflect dissimilaritiesin unemployment insurance (UI) systems in a way that convincinglyestablishes the link between economic incentives and job searchbehaviour. Specifically, UI benefits are relatively more generousfor low-income workers in Sweden than in Norway, leading torelatively longer unemployment spells for low-income workersin Sweden. Based on the between-countries variation in replacementratios, we find that the elasticity of the outflow rate frominsured unemployment with respect to the replacement ratio isapproximately one in Norway and 0.5 in Sweden.     

中印城乡不平等比较:经济学分析视角

从总体上看,目前中印两国农村内部不平等程度基本上差不多,但是两国收入分配不平等的历史变化和趋势不一样;中国城乡之间无论是收入差距,还是消费差距所反映的不平等程度都明显高于印度的不平等;中国是农村不平等大于城市不平等程度,而印度则是城市不平等大于农村不平等。导致这些结构性差异的原因主要是:印度的经济增长包括技术变化、对外开放、人力资本等因素对于城乡内部以及城乡之间、地区之间等收入不平等变化产生的影响和作用更大;而中国经济增长和对外开放等因素虽然对于收入不平等也有一定影响,但是政府的政策导向和理念(先富后富政策理念与城市和沿海偏向政策)则对于城乡内部以及同一地区内城乡之间的不平等的影响更大一些。     

The effect of trade on earnings--evidence from Swedish micro data

Using a large longitudinal data set, we study the effects ofincreased trade on earnings in the Swedish labor market. Earningsrespond significantly to changes in industry sales, whethergenerated by domestic market forces or international trade:Swedish exports (imports) raise (lower) annual earnings, butchanges in trade affect earnings just as any other shift inmarket conditions. We also examine whether the effects of tradevary by skill. We do not find systematic differences in theeffects of trade across the skill distribution.     

中国与东盟国家的出口相似性比较

本文从两个方面测算了中国与东盟国家在第三市场(或世界市场)的出口相似度。在此基础上，本文对中国-东盟自由贸易区发展前景进行了探讨。