试论"以员工为中心"的管理理念--兼论利益相关者管理

企业的社会责任问题导致了利益相关者管理的产生和发展 ,利益相关者管理对企业绩效有重要影响 ,已成为现代企业成功的重要因素。员工是企业最重要的利益相关者 ,现代企业必须树立“以员工为中心”的管理理念。     

企业利益相关者的投资与收益概念模型构建

自20世纪80年代以来,利益相关者理论有了很大的发展,利益相关者理论经历了社会责任观、道德伦理观、战略管理观到契约理论观的演化,传统利益相关者理论以股权至上为基础研究了利益相关者与企业的利益关系,没有从这种利益关系的深层次揭示利益相关者与企业的投资关系,忽略了利益相关者利益关系背后的投资基础和动机.文章从利益相关者的特有资本投资和利益索取的角度阐释了利益相关者出于利益的动机而进行各种特有资本投资形成的企业本质以及利益相关者与企业的投资收益关系,并构建了五种不同利益相关者的投资收益概念模型,以更为清晰的注解利益相关者与企业的投资收益关系,从利益相关者的投资收益视角阐释了企业契约理论.     

企业社会责任与财务绩效的相关性研究——利益相关者的视角

积极履行企业社会责任对企业可持续发展有重要作用,选取生态农业上市公司2010~2015年的面板数据为样本,采用回归分析,基于利益相关者角度对企业社会责任与财务绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明:股东、员工、政府对财务绩效提升有积极作用;债权人和管理者对财务绩效有负向影响,财务绩效与各利益相关者之间存在显著相关性,文章最后,在生态农业公司自身需求及个利益相关者方面提出政策建议。     

民营企业利益相关者问题的实证研究

通过对民营企业利益相关者的调查,界定民营企业利益相关者.根据企业的规模对民营企业的利益相关者进行重要性排序,并依此将民营企业的利益相关者分为核心利益相关者、紧要利益相关者和次要利益相关者.在此基础上,分析利益相关者们的利益需求,提出采取激励、一体化战略、共建和谐社区等措施将核心、紧要、次要利益相关者纳入企业管理.     

基于利益相关者的企业社会责任信息披露博弈分析

在大力倡导构建和谐社会的今天,企业社会责任问题备受关注。利益相关者理论认为企业应关注并维护其利益相关者的利益,使得企业对外披露社会责任信息逐渐成为其寻求长期可持续发展的主观意愿。本文从利益相关者视角的企业社会责任信息披露分析入手,通过分析企业利益相关者之间的博弈关系,试图提出相应措施,改善企业社会责任信息披露情况不容乐观的现状。     

企业社会责任与可持续发展战略关系的经济分析

本文运用利益相关者理论。对企业承担社会责任的动因和机理进行了分析．并综合运用Mark社会责任动力模型、新制度经济学、企业战略管理理论、可持续发展理论等分析了企业社会责任管理的根本动力来自企业的可持续发展需要：阐述了企业社会责任管理应纳入企业可持续发展战略目标体系,指出了企业社会责任管理的误区,提出了实现企业可持续发展进程中企业社会责任管理的正确路径。     

构建利益相关者视角的企业社会责任评价体系

20世纪90年代,企业界和理论界普遍达成共识：企业应该承担社会责任。利益相关者理论为企业社会责任研究提供了新的视角。文章首先界定利益相关者的范围,进而对利益相关者的社会影响力要素进行剖析,最后构建一套基于利益相关者视角的评价体系。     

企业内部利益相关者管理模式研究

近年来,企业社会责任问题一直是理论界和实践界所关注的热点问题之一,企业履行社会责任已不再是企业的被动责任,而更多是企业寻求长期可持续发展的主观意愿,更是社会对企业的期望.本研究从利益相关者理论出发,认为企业的社会责任就是处理好与各利益利益相关者的关系,满足他们的需求和期望,以获得他们的满意、信任和忠诚.从这个层面说,本研究将从内部营销的角度,探讨如何进行企业的内部利益相关者管理,以建立企业与内部利益相关者的信任和忠诚关系,以期为企业更好地履行社会责任提供参考和借鉴作用.     

利益相关者治理理论研究脉络及其进展探析

本文在对利益相关者内涵进行认知的基础上,将当前利益相关者治理理论归纳为股东治理观、员工治理观、利益相关者共同治理观和关键利益相关者治理观四种;在对各种治理观进行分析评价的基础上,认为公司治理理论研究不应单纯致力于如何维系企业健全的经营,而更应该关注在外部环境的动态变化下什么样的治理制度安排更有利于提升企业的核心能力;最后指出了只有扬弃传统的基于静态资源观点的治理制度安排,转向以创新为导向(或者以知识为导向)的治理理念,才能使公司治理理论更加适应实践。     

组织成本与公司规模对企业社会责任投入偏重的差异化研究

报告了在利益相关者视角下借助组织成本理论,探讨公司规模对企业社会责任中各利益相关者的直接影响,并在引入社会期望作为中介变量后,分析公司规模对利益相关者投入偏重的差异。结合2014年度中国制造业374家上市公司的企业社会责任年度报告数据,构建结构方程模型,运用SmartPLS软件进行实证分析。研究结果表明,公司规模对于除员工外的其他利益相关者维度存在显著的正向影响;在社会期望的中介作用下,公司规模对环境问题及社区问题同样存在显著的正向影响,并且社会期望在其影响过程中起到完全中介作用。研究结果有助于企业在现实履行社会责任的过程中结合自身规模制定合理方案;也有利于政府在制定社会责任相关政策时,将企业规模作为一项主要参考依据。     

Inducing political action by workers

A firm aiming to influence a governmental policy may benefit from political action by its stakeholders, such as workers. This article studies the behavior of such a firm, showing that workers will have a greater incentive to engage in costly political activity against the governmental policy the greater their number and the higher the wage. The firm may, therefore, profit from paying above‐market wages and from hiring what might appear to be an inefficiently large number of workers. And because unions may overcome free‐rider problems of uncoordinated political effort, a firm may favor unionization, or be less opposed to unionization than it would otherwise be. The results of this article can also explain why firms may little reduce wages in a recession, and why the higher wages paid by unionized firms do not reduce survival rates of these firms.     

Aging Workforce,Firm Productivity and Labor Costs in Korea: Are Older Workers Costly to Firms?

Are older workers costly to firms? This study aims to investigate the relationship between an aging workforce on firm productivity and labor costs using a unique Korean firm‐level panel dataset (WPS) covering the period from 2007 to 2011. The primary results show no evidence of a negative relationship between the proportion of older workers and firm productivity, and no significant relationship between the proportion of older workers and labor costs. In addition, the findings of this study implies that failure to account for unobserved firm heterogeneity and endogeneity of changes in age structure biases the results toward finding a correlation between the age structure of workers and firm productivity and labor costs. Consequently, there is a tendency to underestimate the true value of older workers for firms.     

中国企业社会责任履行的法律依据解读

我国目前已基本上从不同范围和角度全方位构建起了促进企业履行社会责任的法律框架,涉及企业对环境、消费者、职工、安全生产、公平营运、社区参与和支持公益发展等方面的责任.随着企业利益相关者的范围及其利益诉求内容的变化,以及循环经济理念下为实现社会可持续发展目标对企业社会责任履行提出的更多内容和更高要求,需要在兼顾规范企业外部行为和内部行为之下加强有关企业社会责任履行法律规范的协调,以社会利益本位理念来不断完善企业履行社会责任的法律义务.     

MBO:完善上市公司管理层约束与激励的新思路

本文从企业投资角度且以团队为基础 (传统的分析基本上是以边际工人为基础的 ,研究企业人力资本投资客体与投资主体共同进行企业人力资本投资决策问题 ,建立了利润分享式契约下企业人力资本投资模型 ,对企业利润分享式契约下专用人力资本和通用人力资本进行了投资博弈分析。     

Export Activity,Firm Size and Wage Structure: Evidence from Taiwanese Manufacturing Firms*

This study adopts a semiparametric smooth coefficient model to evaluate the export–wage premiums, firm size–wage premiums, and the wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor. Particular focus is placed upon widespread evidence indicating that pay levels in ‘large’ and ‘export‐oriented’ firms are higher than in their ‘small’ and ‘domestic‐oriented’ counterparts. Applying the firm‐level data for Taiwanese manufacturing firms, we find a positive export–wage premium for skilled workers and a negative export–wage premium for unskilled workers. The hypothesis of a constant export premium across firm size is rejected. While most of the export–wage premiums for skilled labor can be attributed to the small and medium firms, the large exporting firms have a significant adverse effect on wages for unskilled labor. Moreover, our results suggest that the firm size–wage premiums for skilled workers are larger than those for unskilled workers. The wage gap between the two skill groups is also sensitive to size categories.     

Separation risk and firm size-earnings relationships in Japan and the US

Separations among workers in large Japanese firms, while rare until recently are quite costly. Such workers must re-enter another firm at a relatively low level along the tenure-earnings profile, or move to a smaller firm where the tenure-earnings profile is much flatter. In either case, in relative terms, separations are very costly to workers in large firms, and such workers must be differentially compensated for the risk of separation. The results here show that compensation for such separation risk is an important factor in the firm size-earnings differential in Japan, but not in the US.     

Firms’ demand for work hours: Evidence from matched firm-worker data in Japan

Using information on Japanese males’ work hours and the matched firms’ characteristics, this paper investigates whether the number of hours worked is determined by demand-side factors and tries to offer a possible explanation of why Japanese males tend to work longer on average, than their counterparts in other countries. Based on an empirical framework in which each firm sets a minimum boundary of work hours and where workers hired by the firm are required to put in at least the minimum hours, we found that the minimum requirement depends on each firm’s fixed costs of labor. Specifically, firms that tend to hoard labor during recessions, presumably because of higher fixed costs, require incumbent workers to work longer hours during normal times. Since Japanese firms have long been considered as incurring high fixed costs to train workers, we interpret the long work hour requirement as a rational strategy for Japanese firms in protecting high-skill-accumulated workers from dismissal. In other words, the long work hours of Japanese males reflect firms’ long-term employment practices, a typical feature of the Japanese labor market.     

Does gender structure affect firm productivity? Evidence from China

This study examines the impact of gender workforce composition on firm productivity. Using a large sample of Chinese manufacturing firms and conditional on human capital-related controls, we find that firms with a greater share of female workers demonstrate lower productivity. However, our results suggest that increasing the fraction of highly educated female workers significantly improves firm performance. This effect is evident for all private firms regardless of their trade orientation and foreign firms undertaking purely domestic sales. However, the effect does not exist in the case of state-owned and export-oriented foreign enterprises. Compared with medium-sized and large firms, small firms benefit more from gender diversity at high education level. Finally, the share of highly talented female workers indicates better firm performance in more feminized industries.     

Long-Term Attachments and Long-Run Firm Rates of Return

Long-term attachments between workers and firms are common. Numerous studies have examined worker returns to tenure, but little is known of firm returns to firm-worker matches. Yet these attachments represent a human capital asset quasi-held by the firm, which is not captured by traditional accounting measures of firm assets. Firms with large quasi-holdings of human capital will have higher measured return on assets, other things equal. Analysis of data on 250 large manufacturing firms supports the view that firms profit from long-term attachments with their workers. Consequently, unmeasured human capital assets contribute to the explanation of persistence in measured long-run excess profits across firms.