循环经济与环境保护

循环经济的发展与环境保护有着非常密切的关系,文章结合湖南的实际情况,提出了在发展循环经济过程中应采取的环境保护措施。     

谈谈商品包装与环境保护

商品包装在商品经济中的重要性日显突出,包装工业也日益壮大,在大力发展包装工业的同时,要增强环保意识,要采取相应的措施来减少和限制包装废弃物对环境的污染。     

The political economy of environmental and social security policies: the role of environmental lobbying

Social security provides retirement benefits to the old at the expense of the working young, while environmental investment benefits the future of the young at the expense of the old. This paper presents a model incorporating this intergenerational conflict on public spending and considers the political determination of environmental investment and social security by focusing on the Markovian political equilibria. It is shown that (1) the political equilibria are generally inefficient, and (2) the introduction of environmental lobbying into politics may improve environmental quality but degrade lifetime utility in the long run.      

采矿与环境保护治理措施

中国是一个能源消费大国,经济增长的旺盛需求使得各类矿产供不应求,丰厚的利润促进了采矿行业的迅猛发展。然而,在开发的过程中,不可避免的将产生一系列环境问题。所幸的是,矿业开发对环境的影响已逐步引起人们的重视。该文阐述了采矿给生态环境带来的负面影响,提出在采矿过程中同时进行环境保护与治理措施。     

青藏铁路施工与环境保护

文章详细介绍了青藏铁路施工对环境保护的影响,指出了强化青藏铁路环境保护工作的意义,提出了青藏铁路环境保护工作的主要内容和应当采取的措施,阐述了将青藏铁路真正建成21世纪的世界屋脊的环保型铁路的实施要点。     

浅谈环境保护与混凝土工业的发展

针对目前由于混凝土的大量使用，加上其耐久性的不足而对环境造成的负担问题，总结当前国内外对减少混凝土能耗及提高混凝土耐久性等方面所做的研究进展，提出今后的研究方向。     

我国对外贸易与环境保护的可持续发展对策

当今世界已进入环保时代,国际贸易中的环境问题越来越受到国际社会的普遍关注。如何协调好我国对外贸易与环境保护之间的关系,已经成为摆在我们面前的重大课题。文章主要讨论我国对外贸易发展中的环境问题,并重点探析我国促进可持续贸易发展的战略对策。     

浅论我国生态旅游中的环保法律问题

面对我国日益升温的生态旅游热,文章分析了我国在开展生态旅游中存在的主要法律问题,并且通过对我国现阶段生态旅游中出现的环境和法律问题进行分析,从环境立法、执法、监管及法律制度等方面提出了几点相关法律对策的建议,以促使相关部门重视生态旅游法制建设,进一步健全和完善生态旅游法律法规,保证生态旅游、环境保护和经济建设共同发展。     

Commodity money equilibrium in a convex trading post economy with transaction costs

Existence and efficiency of general equilibrium with commodity money is investigated in an economy where N   commodities are traded at N(N−1)/2$N(N-1)/2$ commodity-pairwise trading posts. Trade is a resource-using activity recovering transaction costs through the spread between bid (wholesale) and ask (retail) prices. Budget constraints, enforced at each trading post separately, imply demand for a carrier of value between trading posts. Existence of general equilibrium is established under conventional convexity and continuity conditions while structuring the price space to account for distinct bid and ask price ratios. Commodity money flows are identified as the difference between gross and net inter-post trades.     

The impact of voluntary environmental protection instruments on company environmental performance

In the last decade there has been increasing emphasis on the use of voluntary environmental protection tools such as corporate environmental reporting (CER) and environmental management systems (EMSs). There has been relatively little research, however, on the impact of these tools on the actual environmental performance of companies. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 40 companies operating in Western Australia to determine the extent to which the implementation of two voluntary instruments has influenced company environmental performance. The research considered four questions: To what extent have CER and EMSs influenced the environmental performance of companies operating in Western Australia? What are the characteristics of these influences? How does the influence of EMSs on environmental performance compare to that of CER? Have other external factors concurrently influenced environmental performance? In general, most respondents indicated that EMSs had influenced environmental management practices to some extent. On the other hand, CER was seen more as a public relations exercise and had less impact on company practices compared with EMSs. Other factors that influenced environmental performance included pressure from clients, senior management, the public and regulators; corporate culture; and cost savings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

国际公约环保项目效益审计的尝试与探索

几年来,审计署外资司保护臭氧层环保项目的效益审计多次得到《蒙特利尔议定书》执委会、世界银行、联合国环境计划署、联合国开发计划署等国际组织的肯定和称赞,为保护地球臭氧层,为维护和改善人类的生存环境作出了很大贡献,有力地促进了我国环保事业的发展,维护了我国在国际环保领域的声誉。     

公路环境保护与环境影响评价

文中对公路建设环境保护作了比较深入地分析与探讨,总结归纳了公路施工、营运期环境保护工作的重点与措施,对环境影响评价制度与方法进行了全面阐述,并指出我国公路建设今后的发展方向.     

"托宾悖论"的谜底与修正——信用货币经济增长模型中的资本集中和经济加速功能

美国经济学家托宾的货币经济增长模型在传统的货币定义的基础上,分析了追加的实质货币在引入经济增长模型后对个人可支配收入的影响,得出货币对经济增长是不利因素的结论.随后,有些学者按照托宾的方法和思路修补了托宾模型.笔者认为,托宾及其模型的修补者的根本问题是忽略了货币与信用一体化下的金融内涵与功能的质变、信用货币对传统货币的根本质变.笔者对托宾模型提出了进一步修正的方法和展望.     

非金属矿物粉体在材料加工上的应用与环保

文章阐述了我国非金属矿粉体在材料加工上的应用,并重点介绍了其在塑料、水泥、建筑陶瓷上的应用,总结了当前加工技术上的缺点并提出了改进的建议。     

区域生态环境保护是城市发展的命脉

近年春季我国北方地区频繁出现的沙尘暴天气 ,使许多城市本来就面临的严重空气污染更是雪上加霜 ,彻底治理污染的环境已刻不容缓。本文论述了城市环境现状以及应采取的措施和对未来发展的影响。     

Analysing the roadblocks of circular economy adoption in the automobile sector: Reducing waste and environmental perspectives

The automobile industry is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in our society. The increase in demand for vehicles drives the growth of the automobile sector worldwide. Fabrication of vehicles consumes an enormous amount of water, energy and resources, thereby increasing carbon emissions. Nonbiodegradable and manufacturing waste after the end of life usage results in a significant contribution to incineration, landfills, air acidification and water eutrophication. The adoption of circular economy (CE) initiatives can play a significant role in dealing with increasing waste and environmental pollution. The main goal of CE is to recycle and reuse materials to reduce waste and also to minimise environmental impacts. This article strongly supports the adoption of CE in the Indian automobile industry. For the successful adoption of CE in the Indian automobile sector, first, it is important to analyse roadblocks to the adoption. Twenty potential roadblocks towards the adoption of CE have been identified from a literature review and in consultation with experts in the field. To capture the vagueness of the data and to carry out a robust analysis, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method with Fuzzy theory is employed. The results reveal that roadblock ‘lacking ability to deliver high-quality remanufactured products’ is ranked first among all considered roadblocks. This study will help the Indian automobile industry, decision makers, research practitioners and government officials develop effective strategies for adopting CE in Indian automobile companies. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to validate the stability of results.     

城市经济发展中特色经济与集群经济的关系--兼论城市园区经济建设

特色经济与集群经济现在是城市经济发展过程中两个彰显的概念,二者从不同角度阐释了城市经济发展的基本要求.特色经济反映的是城市经济的质,而集群经济反映的是城市经济的量.没有特色的城市经济缺乏活力和竞争力,没有集群的特色经济则对城市经济的带动作用就微乎其微.二者的有机统一才是最具活力和竞争力的城市经济单元.     

Voluntary agreements in environmental protection: experiences in Germany and future perspectives

A trend towards ‘softer’ regulation, especially in the form of negotiated environmental agreements, is observable in national and international environmental policies. Such agreements are controversial, because there are fears that government will relinquish its responsibility for environmental protection. This paper analyses recent experiences with voluntary agreements in Germany. Proponents of voluntary agreements argue that they provide incentives to business for the development of efficient, innovative and environmentally‒friendly solutions. Analysing some topical Germany examples, we conclude that it is hard to detect solutions deserving such attributes. These agreements are unlikely to produce results that go beyond what industry would have done in any case and they avoid using economic incentives; they are unenforceable, with the negotiating process leading to a watering down of the environmental goals government had originally aimed at. The Federal Government of Germany's, current preference for negotiated solutions on principle seems to be ‘counterproductive’. Government needs to be ‘in control’ to leave its choice of policy instruments open and to be flexible. Finally, we derive some general conclusions concerning reasonable strategies and applications of voluntary agreements within the EU. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Circular economy and the policy: A framework for improving the corporate environmental management in supply chains

The transition to the circular economy (CE) creates value through the closed-loop systems, reverse logistics, product life cycle management, and clean production in terms of corporate environmental management. During this transition process, the organization faces many barriers such as financial, organizational, technology-based, social, policy-related, market-based, and logistics-based barriers. The objectives of this study are to propose a framework highlighting policy-related barriers for a supply chain in the transition to CE and finally discuss potential implications on enhancing corporate environmental performance of a business. Further, this study evaluates the causal relationships between the policy-related barriers using fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The application was conducted in an apparel firm in Turkey. From findings, lack of legislation for efficient CE (C4), lack of mandatory requirements and responsibilities for manufacturers/suppliers for the CE (C17), and lack of government support for environmentally friendly policies (C2) are revealed as the most important barriers, respectively. It is found that lack of attitude and awareness about CE in government institutions (C19) is the most influencing factor, whereas lack of effective recycling policies to achieve quality in waste management (C8) is the most influenced factor. The recommendations were developed for enhancing the corporate environmental performance of businesses through incentives and unique rewards, improving communication among stakeholders, the government's perception of CE and current linear economy, cooperation with nongovernmental organization (NGOs) and civil actions, the vision of government towards circular principles, the circular public procurement, the local governments in circular policymaking, and awareness of bureaucracy and government officials.     

The economic consequences of environmental regulation in China: From a perspective of the environmental protection admonishing talk policy

Environmental regulation may lead to undesired economic consequences. China has tightened its environmental policies to deal with severe environmental pollution in recent years, but existing studies pay little attention to the economic consequences of China's environmental policies. Using the panel data of 211 prefecture‐level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016, we for the first time estimate the economic impact of the environmental protection admonishing talk (EPAT) policy, a newly implemented environmental regulation policy in China. We use the difference‐in‐differences strategy to identify the economic effects of the EPAT policy combined with the propensity score matching method to control a potential selection problem. The results show that a relative decline occurs in gross domestic product per capita in target cities after the implementation of the EPAT, and the negative impact is exerted on the secondary industry rather than the tertiary industry. Furthermore, we find that target cities respond to the environmental protection requirements of higher authorities through a one‐size‐fits‐all approach of limiting the production activities of industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, the EPAT policy does not improve environmental efficiency. Such findings are instructive for policymakers who need to trade off economic welfare and environmental quality when formulating and implementing new environmental policies.