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生产力、生产关系辩证运动规律是人类社会发展变化的基本规律。长期以来,由于对这一基本规律认识的简单化和绝对化,造成了认识上的混乱。首先,生产力不是“物质力量”,而是人与自然的矛盾关系的统一;其次,生产力的存在方式是客观现实性和社会历史性的统一,与之对应,生产关系也是如此;再次,生产力、生产关系的矛盾运动规律不是“有什么样的生产力,就有什么样的生产关系”,而是生产力的质变必然导致生产关系的质变,生产力的量变也可能导致生产关系的质变,一种性质生产力的存在,可以决定不同性质生产关系同时并存。 相似文献
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新一轮工业革命已经悄悄降临,这一次新工业革命不仅仅是由于新技术发展导致一些新兴产业发展,而是由于新的技术革命导致制造业生产方式与制造模式发生巨大的变化。面对这样的变化,美国等发达国家掀起的所谓"再工业化"实质是要抓住新一轮制造业的大变革,占据新一轮全球产业分工体系中的优势地位,恢复美国经济的国际竞争力。我国目前制造业产值虽然超过了美国,但就我国制造业总体水平来说,一是技术含量还不够高;二是处在制造业价值链的中低端环节;更重要的是我国的制造业生产方式与制造模式还停留在工业化初、中期的状态,与新一轮工业革命相去甚远。能不能抓住新的工业革命这一历史机遇,甚至在这个过程中实现赶超,是我国制造业转型升级并快速提高、迎头赶上的关键,如果抓不住很可能就要继续落后。在这样的情况下,我们应该认真研究应对的思路与策略,应该试着找出一条制造业提升、变革、发展的新型工业化道路,在新型产业体系构建、战略性先进制造业选择发展、先进制造业与现代服务业匹配模式设计、知识产权保护、高端人才造就、服务创新推动、市场环境打造等方面大胆探索,深化改革,积极响应与投入即将到来的"第三次工业革命"。 相似文献
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在劳动力市场非均衡状态下生产资料所有者能够获得消费者剩余,生产资料的私有制形式导致贫富差距。在劳动力市场均衡状态下生产资料所有者的消费者剩余消失,生产资料的私有制形式并不必然导致生产资料所有者占有劳动剩余产品。劳动产品在劳动者之间分配的合理性和生产资料计划配置的合理性是生产资料公有制能够促进生产力发展的两个假设前提。 相似文献
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Subnational governments played key roles in China's past rapid growth, and local industrial policy was among their most frequently used tools. Using a plausible comprehensive local industrial policies variable constructed using local Five-Year Plans and a comprehensive dataset of all medium and large firms in China between 1998 and 2013, this paper attempts to understand whether such interventions are helpful for China's growth. Our results indicate that although local industrial policies attract more low productivity firms, they do achieve their purpose of improving the productivity of the targeted sectors, at firm and city levels, especially in the long run. 相似文献
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Technological innovation is a key factor for achieving better environmental performances. Its role is even more relevant in local productions system, where innovation density, knowledge spillovers and externalities are concentrated in a circumscribed territory. The paper exploits new data for a sample of manufacturing firms in Northern Italy. New evidence is provided by testing a set of hypotheses, concerning primarily the role of environmental‐devoted R&D, networking activities, quality/nature of industrial relations. The role played by environmental policy pressure, structural firm features and past firm performances is also investigated to account for more exogenous forces. We show that structural characteristics of the firm appear to matter less than R&D, induced policy costs and innovative‐oriented industrial relations. Environmental auditing schemes also show some relevant correlation to innovation adoptions. R&D efforts appear to be associated to networking activities, which substitute for size‐related economies of scale. Overall, endogenous factors driven by firm strategy or local idiosyncratic features matter more than exogenous and structural firm factors. 相似文献
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José Albors-Garrigós Carlos A. Rincon-Diaz Juan Ignacio Igartua-Lopez 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2014,26(1):37-53
Research technology organisations or RTOs have attracted academic interest in the last decade due to their role as technology transfer agents and R&D collaborative leaders for firms and especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Although their role within the diversity of specialised structures in generating R&D for industry in National Innovation Systems is recognised, there are scarce publications in relation to their strategies, performance or characteristic, as leaders of R&D collaboration with SMEs. The aim of this work is to identify the role, barriers and facilitators for RTOs performance as well as to develop a contingency relationship between industry environment, strategy, organisational structure and other factors for successful technology transfer from technology organisations to SMEs. This research is based on a field study conducted on 14 technology organisations based in the Valencia region, working with various industry sectors. 相似文献
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新兴低碳产业发展策略研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
在任何一种经济发展模式下,产业都是国民经济的重要组成部分和国民经济增长的推动力。低碳产业的发展不仅有利于低碳技术的创新,而且为低碳经济的发展和低碳生产力的提高提供了源源不断的动力,低碳产业还将是一个国家核心竞争力的重要来源。低碳产业的发展与产业竞争优势的培育,可以从创造和提升生产要素、构建低碳产业创新系统、扩大和提高低碳产品国内需求的规模和质量、推动低碳产业集群的形成、建立和维护市场竞争的秩序等方面着手。 相似文献
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对地理临近与知识溢出效应、区域创新系统以及嵌入性理论3个层面的相关研究进行了归纳总结,证明了产业技术创新体系本地化的存在,并给出了产业技术创新体系本地化的基本内涵和特征表现。从技术体制的相关研究中提炼影响产业技术创新体系本地化的关键因素,结合产业技术创新体系本地化的基本内涵,在技术体制分析中增加本地创新环境这一分析维度。最后,结合产业技术创新体系本地化的基本内涵、关键因素以及特征表现,依据创新系统方法,提出产业技术创新体系分析框架。 相似文献
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This present paper studies the relationship between the industrial development environment (IDE) and the innovation efficiency (IE) of China’s high-tech industry. First, drawing upon insights from research on regional innovation systems and sectoral innovation systems, the paper proposes a definition of the IDE within which China’s high-tech industry exists. Then, by a factorial analysis, three main components reflecting the IDE are obtained: regional development conditions, regional consumption potential, and interactions between innovation actors. Furthermore, the impacts of various facets of the IDE on three kinds of IE are investigated through the DEA-Tobit regression approach. Based on the results, our analysis can provide information for policymakers to create a favourable environment for China’s high-tech industry. 相似文献
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Mickael Géraudel Johanna Gast Katherine Gundolf 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2017,26(4):353-367
Macro-economic policies such as public financing seek to push the development and introduction of innovations; however, entrepreneurs also need support in their ‘day-to-day’ activities to improve their capability to launch innovations. As this micro-level perspective is rarely studied, we analyze both the micro and macro levels by examining the effects of the entrepreneurs’ individual intention to innovate and public financing. Additionally, we include the meso level, representing entrepreneurs’ network. Entrepreneurs are embedded in social spheres in which they capture resources and identify opportunities. But not all entrepreneurs are equally well supported, and some tend to be completely isolated. We thus focus on multilevel factors explaining new product or service launching in new ventures. Drawing on data of 48,251 French new ventures, we reveal that innovation intention and public financing positively impact new ventures’ product and service innovation launching, while entrepreneurs’ isolation has a negative effect. We also highlight two interaction effects that enhance the multilevel effects of innovation antecedents. 相似文献
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对2007—2017年我国全要素生产率的时序变化进行分析,再以省际面板数据为样本,探究财政科技支出对全要素生产率的影响及其作用机理。研究发现,财政科技支出对全要素生产率增长具有正向驱动效应,且这种正向驱动具有显著的动态效应和区域异质性、市场异质性。具体表现为:我国的东部地区最为显著,中部地区最小;市场化程度高的省(区、市)最为显著,市场化程度低的省(区、市)相对较弱。进一步检验发现,财政科技支出主要通过提升技术创新水平、抑制产业结构偏离促进全要素生产率增长。基于此,我国要进一步健全财政科技投入体系,有效加强对创新活动的支持力度,坚定不移地推进市场化改革,提升中西部地区的市场化水平,同时财政科技支出适度向非国有企业倾斜,有效提升财政科技支出的靶向性。 相似文献
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If China is to make the leap from being a manufacturer of goods, often for others, to being a world-class innovator, then Chinese small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have an important role to play in achieving this future goal. Much recent debate has focused on innovation activities of multinational corporations in China, with little attention paid to the role of indigenous SMEs and how they attempt to become more innovation oriented. This paper presents findings from 10 case studies of SME firms based in the Zhejiang Province of China to try and establish to what extent external partnerships have helped them become more innovative and competitive. The most common forms of partnering used by these firms is collaboration with universities, with customers and key suppliers, which has implications for how learning and absorptive capacity affects the firm's innovation strategy. 相似文献
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本文以我国影像行业数码化为例,构建了新产品推广与服务创新的框架,分析了新产品开发体系与服务创新开发体系的特点和演化规律,指出了建立服务创新体系的要点。本文发现,新产品开发中的服务创新必须建立体系,行业开发中的服务创新必须建立框架。新产品开发体系与服务创新开发体系具有融合性、增益性的特点,服务创新体系的建立和完善是不断深化的过程,一般规律为:技术服务—市场服务—管理服务—行业综合服务,且服务创新体系的建设必须抓住两个\"三结合\":制造商、经销商、先导用户三结合;技术开发、服务创新与行业开发三结合。行业服务创新体系是建立边缘行业的推动力,各行各业的服务创新体系都应搭建综合服务平台,以保证服务创新的不断深化,实现赶超世界先进国家服务创新体系的高效益。 相似文献
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在大量实地观测和深入调查工作基础上,本文探究了我国地方产业集群内可能的一般创新行为模式及创新动力的生成机制问题。研究发现,我国地方产业集群内基于不同分工形态和相互依存状态的企业网络类型差异,影响了网络内微观创新动力的获得能力,技术不确定性和制度不确定的交互作用加剧了这种影响力的复杂性。主核心企业领导型企业网络对于现阶段我国多数地方产业集群内创新动力的获得具有独特的推动作用和现实意义。构建与主核心企业领导型企业网络相匹配的内外创新分工合作网络,是改变我国地方集群内普遍“集体创新动力缺失”现象的必然选择。 相似文献
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自主创新体系是近些年来我国产业经济理论研究中的一个重点,也在中国工业经济学会2009年年会上得到明显的体现。社会需要更为合理的产业创新理论。本着推动理论研究的精神,本文力图从“技术创新和产业升级的关系”的角度,从技术创新理论的新进展、技术创新与产业创新、产业集聚与技术创新、产业组织与企业技术创新四个方面,采撷要点,综述其中的主要思想观点。 相似文献
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数智技术的广泛应用突破了企业传统的封闭式边界,加强了与其他创新主体之间的技术交流、信息沟通以及研发合作。然而,数智技术如何赋能企业创新行为及其开放式创新绩效尚有待于进一步研究。本文基于“数智赋能—数智双元能力和资源复合效率—开放式创新”的理论路径,构建了数智赋能影响数智双元能力和资源复合效率,进一步影响中小企业开放式创新的理论模型。本文利用针对科创型中小企业发放的354份调查问卷,应用结构方程模型并结合企业能力理论和复合基础观理论,分析了数智赋能对中小企业开放式创新的影响机理和作用路径。结论表明,中小企业数智赋能行为在资源数据化、流程数字化和组织智慧化3个维度提升了企业综合数智化水平,数智双元能力和资源复合效率发挥中介作用,正向影响开放式创新绩效。 相似文献
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万秋山 《全球科技经济瞭望》2009,24(5):43-46
瑞士中小企业在全球能够取得引人瞩目的成功。主要在于,他们善于发现和营造一个适宜的发展环境,确定一个始终如一的与发展环境相适应的发展战略,不断开发和改进产品和生产,通过创新强化企业核心竞争力,确保在相应的环境内的竞争优势,灵活调整自己适应各种新的需求,关照客户的需要,采取积极主动的市场战略,积极塑造和维护瑞士品牌效应,并发扬光大,把追求高质量、精确、可靠以及自然天性和健康的精神转化成企业的自然特质。 相似文献