韩国产业发展现状

1、韩国产业发展历程 自20世纪60年代以来,韩国产业发展大体经历了四个阶段. 向劳动密集型产业转变 韩国经济发展起步于20世纪60年代初.当时政府基于本国劳动力资源的优势,实行出口导向的外向型发展战略,重点发展轻工等劳动密集型产业.韩国抓住美、日等发达国家60年代大力发展资本密集型产业,将劳动密集型产业转移到发展中国家的有利时机,发展以轻纺工业为主的劳动密集型产业,凭借其劳动力资源丰富、工资水平低、劳动力素质高等优势,成为劳动密集型产业转移的重要承接地,使韩国经济在短时间内迅速成长起来.     

中韩雇佣许可制劳务合作现状及对策

为解决韩国国内劳动力不足问题,韩国国会于2004年8月通过《外国人劳动者雇佣许可法》,开始以雇佣许可制替代原来的产业研修生制度。2007年4月,中韩两国政府签订《劳动力派遣与谅解备忘录》,中国正式成为韩国雇佣许可制劳务的派遣国家。然而,直到2011年6月,中国才派出首批劳务人员。本文通过对中     

山东省如何开拓韩国市场

山东省地处韩国的近邻,是韩国对华经贸合作的“战略要地”。省会济南和沿海港口城市青岛、烟台,威海、日照等都已成为韩国对华投资和进行经贸合作的热点。 中韩两国的经济合作与贸易往来中,山东是资源与劳动力优势,韩国则是产业、技术、资金与经营管理优势。山东省的人口约等于韩国人口的两倍,     

延边朝鲜族自治州对韩劳务输出的影响因素探析

延边朝鲜族自治州有着独特的民族特点和区位优势,2003年后随着国家一系列政策的出台,该州通过劳务输出实现了经济的快速增长,成为该地区具有地方特色的新的增长模式。本文通过对延边州对韩跨国劳务输出的现状的调查,利用"推拉理论"对其产生的原因和进行简要的分析,分析了延边州对韩跨国劳务输出的推力有劳动力数量过剩、我国劳动力输出政策和年轻人生活压力大等因素,韩国方面拉的因素有老龄化严重、高工资收入吸引和韩国政策因素。     

韩国做法

<正>韩国在20世纪50年代还是一个相当落后的国家,1953年人均GDP仅为67美元.2011年,韩国经济总量位居世界第15位.亚洲第4位,人均GDP达到24万美元。韩国之所以能顺利跨越"中等收入陷阱",得益于以下三方面的措施。创新发展20世纪60年代～70年代.韩国抓住美.日等国将劳动密集型产业转移到发展中国家的机遇,发挥本国劳动力资源优势,实施出口导向     

浅谈劳动就业和我国人力资源的相关性

劳动就业对任何国家来说都是头等大事,它不仅仅关系到国家经济的繁荣发展,更关系到我国社会和谐、发展、繁荣与稳定,众多的劳动力为我国的经济发展提供充足的人力以及智力支持,但是就业压力的增大使劳动力的失业率增加,降低了人均收入,百姓的幸福感变小。如何使劳动力充分就业成为制约我国经济进一步发展的一个重要问题。从中可见两者密不可分的相关性。     

韩国工业园区的发展与产业技术政策

自60年代至今的30多年里,韩国经济依靠其比较丰富的劳动力和对外国技术的引进、消化、改进,以年平均8.4％的速度飞快地增长。这一成就的取得,与政府在国家整体经济发展计划的框架内,根据不同的经济发展阶段,制定、推行相应的产业技术政策,建立和发展国家工业园区有着直接的关系。韩国国家工业园     

韩国外籍劳动力雇佣许可制度评析

本文主要从韩国劳动力雇佣许可制度的角度探讨了韩国对外国劳工的管理问题。认为,韩国引进外国劳工制度比较规范,整个过程比较透明,劳工的待遇基本能够保障。但韩国仍然存在着一定数量的非法滞留者,雇佣制度在制度设计上也存在一些不完善之处。韩国外籍劳动力许可制度给我国提供了比较好的启示。     

韩国现代农业建设的经验及启示

韩国从20世纪70年代开始，实施现代农业的建设，解决农业现代化的问题，步入农业现代化国家的行列。 韩国现代农业建设的基本经验 首先，韩国工业化和城市化的持续推进为现代农业的发展创造了有利条件。20世纪60年代以后，韩国经济特别是工业迅速发展，创造了“江汉奇迹”。“江汉奇迹”使韩国人均国民所得由80美元增加到2006年的人均17600美元，成为世界第十一大经济强国。     

韩国汽车业技术能力积累与自主创新的启示

韩国的汽车产业经过三十多年的发展取得了令人瞩目的成绩，而且成为世界上仅有的几个拥有汽车自主创新能力的国家之一。韩国在发展汽车产业方面积累了丰富的经验，并给我国汽车产业的发展以重要启示。     

Labour market institutions and labour market performance

This paper studies the relationship between labour market institutions and policies and labour market performance using a new and unique dataset that covers the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which in the last two decades experienced radical economic and institutional transformations. We document a clear trend towards liberalization of labour markets, especially in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but also substantial differences across the countries studied. Our econometric analysis implies that institutions matter for labour market outcomes, and that deregulation of labour markets improves their performance. The analysis also suggests several significant interactions between different institutions, which are in line with the idea of beneficial effects of reform complementarity and broad reform packages.     

Labour market implications of EU product market integration

European labour markets are in a state of flux due to the changing market situation induced by international integration. This process affects wage formation through more fierce product market competition and increased mobility of jobs. This development is by some observers taken to enforce labour market flexibility, while for others it signals an erosion of social standards and in turn possibly the welfare society. Since labour is not very mobile in Europe, the effects of international integration on labour markets are mostly indirect via product market integration. We review the channels through which product market integration affects labour markets and perform an empirical analysis of the convergence and interdependencies in wage formation among EU countries. We find that integration is changing labour market structures and inducing wage convergences as well as stronger wage interdependencies, but it is a gradual process. Moreover, the present study does not support the view that international integration will lead to a 'race to the bottom' and rapidly erode domestic labour markets standards, nor that it will relieve politicians of the need to consider labour market reforms to improve labour market performance.     

我国期货市场亟需期货投资基金

我国期货行业自进入21世纪以来取得了飞速发展,无论品种规模还是成交量都已位居世界前列,然而,在国外已经成为期货市场主力的期货投资基金在我国却难觅其踪。期货投资基金可以优化和改善投资组合,规避股市系统性风险,实现专家理财保护中小投资者利益。实际上,从市场规模、运作现状、风险控制、资金充裕度以及证券投资基金在我国发展的成功经验来看,我国已基本具备设立期货投资基金的基础。但期货投资基金毕竟是一个高风险的投资工具,国内对它的研究还比较薄弱,法律体系和监管机制仍待完善,产品的种类和活跃程度仍待加强,在基金公司的设立方式上仍需谨慎选择,对于期货投资基金亟需的高端综合型人才的培养都是我国急需解决的问题。     

Cointegration for market forecast in the Spanish stock market

This study is interested in empirically testing the existence of a long-run relationship between the Spanish stock market and its fundamentals, and in checking to which extent this relationship helps in forecasting. This study is concerned with the behaviour of the aggregate Madrid Stock Exchange in a macroeconomic context. It also identifies as macroeconomic fundamentals: industrial production as a proxy for real activity, inflation and interest rates. This study tests the existence of cointegration by Johansen's procedure. The long-run relationships among the variables implied by the existence of cointegration do not allow inference to the interrelations among the variables. To get some insight into the short-run interactions among the variables, an impulse response analysis was performed. This study compares the forecasting ability of its model with respect to alternative multivariate specifications in terms of RMSE. Also measured is the value of the forecast for the financial agents assessing the extent to which it helps improve asset allocation.     

Stock market cycles and stock market development in Spain

In this paper we use Spanish stock market data to identify the bull and bear phases of the market and to analyze its characteristics during the period 1941-2002. We compare these characteristics with those of the US and of two other European countries (Germany and the UK). Our sample is divided in two subperiods in order to account for differences induced by the process of development undergone by Spanish capital markets in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We find that the Spanish stock market has become increasingly more similar to those of the more developed countries, although some differences still persist. Additionally, we show that concordance of the Spanish stock market with other developed markets has increased quite significantly.JEL Classification: C22, G15An earlier version of the paper circulated under the title Bulls and bears: lessons from some European countries. Comments from seminar participants at the Universidad de Navarra, at the IX Meeting of the Spanish Finance Association (Pamplona 2001) and at the Royal Econonomic Society Conference (Warwick 2002) are gratefully acknowledged. We are very grateful to J.M. Campa, G. Llorente and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank D. Garcia and the Research Department of the Madrid Stock Exchange for generously providing the data of the Spanish case. Financial assistance from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (SEC2002-01839) is gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies.     

市盈率与市红率--关于股市合理市盈率问题的探讨

股票市盈率的高低是衡量股票是否有投资价值的重要指标，它关系到投资者能否从上市公司获得满意的投资回报。目前流行的55倍市盈率提法既混淆了市盈率与“市红率”的概念，又没有考虑到股票投资的风险问题，因此，建立一个新的概念即“市红率”，实在有其必要性。     

Endogenous market power

In this paper we develop a framework to study markets with heterogeneous atomic traders. The competitive model is augmented as we provide traders with correct beliefs about their price impacts to define equilibrium with endogenously determined market power and show that such equilibrium exists in economies with smooth utility and cost functions and is generically determinate. Traders? price impacts depend positively on the convexity of preferences or cost functions of the trading partners and are subject to mutual reinforcement. Compared to the competitive model, the volume of trade is reduced, and hence is Pareto inefficient. The price effects of non-competitive trading depend on the convexity of marginal utility or cost function.     

Self-reinforcing market dominance

Are initial competitive advantages self-reinforcing, so that markets exhibit an endogenous tendency to be dominated by only a few firms? Although this question is of great economic importance, no systematic empirical study has yet addressed it. Therefore, we examine experimentally whether firms with an initial cost advantage are more likely to invest in marginal cost reductions than firms with higher initial costs. We find that the initial competitive advantages are indeed self-reinforcing, but subjects in the role of firms overinvest relative to the Nash equilibrium. However, the pattern of overinvestment even strengthens the tendency towards self-reinforcing cost advantages relative to the theoretical prediction. Further, as predicted by the Nash equilibrium, mean-preserving spreads of the initial cost distribution have no effects on aggregate investments. Finally, investment spillovers reduce investment, and investment is higher than the joint-profit maximizing benchmark for the case without spillovers and lower for the case with spillovers.     

About market structure

I study an economy where sellers choose locations, and buyers choose which location to visit. All sellers in one location correspond to the Walrasian market while each seller in a separate location corresponds to the standard random matching model. Trades are consummated in auctions, and it turns out that the Walrasian market is not an equilibrium market structure. Rather, the sellers choose to distribute themselves in several locations endogenously creating the imperfectness of markets. I determine the number of sellers per location in equilibrium as a function of the ratio of buyers to sellers.     

Self-reinforcing market dominance

Are initial competitive advantages self-reinforcing, so that markets exhibit an endogenous tendency to be dominated by only a few firms? Although this question is of great economic importance, no systematic empirical study has yet addressed it. Therefore, we examine experimentally whether firms with an initial cost advantage are more likely to invest in marginal cost reductions than firms with higher initial costs. We find that the initial competitive advantages are indeed self-reinforcing, but subjects in the role of firms overinvest relative to the Nash equilibrium. However, the pattern of overinvestment even strengthens the tendency towards self-reinforcing cost advantages relative to the theoretical prediction. Further, as predicted by the Nash equilibrium, mean-preserving spreads of the initial cost distribution have no effects on aggregate investments. Finally, investment spillovers reduce investment, and investment is higher than the joint-profit maximizing benchmark for the case without spillovers and lower for the case with spillovers.