论劳动法律关系的主体

劳动立法大多是围绕劳动者和用人单位的权利、义务分配来进行的。在劳动法律关系中,公认的主体是劳动者与用人单位。要研究劳动法律关系以及其中权利义务的分配,就必须研究劳动法律关系的主体,包括劳动者、用人单位、由劳动者组成的社会团体（工会）、用人单位组成的社会团体（商会、企业联盟）以及劳动行政管理部门。     

地方工会参与构建和谐劳动关系的路径选择

面对当前劳动关系不和谐和劳动者合法权利严重受侵害的现实,作为维护劳动关系中劳动者一方合法权利的法定组织,中国工会如何履行自己的基本职责,这已经成为一个严峻的现实问题。文章基于当前劳动关系不和谐的主要表现及成因分析,提出地方工会参与协调劳动关系、推进和谐社会建设的路径选择。     

刍议当前我国劳动关系的特征及其构建

本文在深入分析我国劳动关系的市场化、复杂性、非规范性、非均衡性四大基本特征的基础上,从政府、企业、劳动者与工会四个角度出发,提出了构建我国和谐劳动关系的主要对策.     

试论当前我国企业工会维权不力的原因及对策

维护劳动者合法权益是企业工会的基本职责。维权不仅是市场经济对工会的必然要求,也是劳动者对工会的期望所在。工会维权的地位与作用,在逐步形成的全球化市场经济模式下的劳动关系中显得愈来愈重要。文章分析了当前我国企业工会维权不力的原因,并就此提出了相应的解决措施。     

谈工会在协调劳资关系中的作用

在市场经济条件下,劳动关系矛盾已成为最主要的社会矛盾之一,工会作为经济关系特别是劳动关系矛盾的产物,代表、维护和表达好劳动者权益,既是法律赋予的职责,也是工会以此促进经济发展、维护社会稳定的主要任务与途径。     

劳资关系理论与西方发达国家的实践

一、劳资关系的核心是权利、义务关系 劳资关系即劳动关系,是劳动者个人或劳动者组织如工会与雇主或雇主组织以及管理当局在劳动过程中所发生的权利义务关系,包括劳动任务、劳动条件、劳动时间、劳动期限、劳动报酬、劳动纪律、劳动保护、社会保险、生活福利等以及有     

加强企业工会工作 促进和谐企业建设

在市场经济条件下,企业之于国家发展与社会稳定的基础性地位更为凸显。某种程度上,企业的健康发展、企业劳动关系的协调,是和谐社会构建的现实前提。建立社会主义市场经济和现代企业制度,建设有中国特色的社会主义是前无古人的事业。而对职工群众和工会来说,最大最直接的影响是劳动关系所发生的深刻变化,形成国家、企业、劳动者三方利益格局。工会作为劳动者的代表,已成为劳动关系的内在组成部分,它在代表职工利益,调节劳动关系方面发挥着重要的,不可替代的社会作用。本文就加强企业工会建设的必要性进行了分析,同时提出了相关发展思路,以此促进和谐企业建设。     

劳动者权益被侵害的原因及应对措施

当前劳动者权益被侵害的现象比较严重。引发劳动者权益被侵害的原因可归纳为：劳动者与企业进行工资、劳动条件等“讨价还价”时,处于极不平衡的地位;我国政府运用法律制度来规范劳动关系,尤其是约束企业、保障劳动者权益的力度还很不够;一些地方政府不能保证和维护劳动法律制度的有效贯彻执行;劳动保障监察部门人力、资金不够、工作方式单一;代表劳动者集体利益的工会组织尚未全面普及,而现有的工会又缺乏独立性。为解决这些问题,应健全和完善法律制度,加强劳动监察保护力量,改进劳动监察保护工作方式,改进劳动争议解决机制。同时,还要引导工会发挥依法维权的机能,加大对劳动者的职业培训,创造舆论监督环境。     

刍议当前我国劳动关系的特征及其构建

本文在深入分析我国劳动关系的市场化、复杂性、非规范性、非均衡生四大基本特征的基础上,从政府、企业、劳动者与工会四个角度出发,提出了构建我国和谐劳动关系的主要对策。     

新劳动法下工会企业员工权益管理

新劳动法作为我国协调劳动关系和维护劳动者权益的一部重要法律,为完善劳动合同制度、协调劳动关系、保护劳动者合法权益提供了明确而具体的法律依据。新劳动法的颁布实施,标志着我国的劳动合同制度纳入了依法规范、依法调整的法制轨道,同时,也为工会依法维权工作提供了难得的机遇。因此本文主要探讨新劳动法为企业工会维护员工权益提供的保障和新劳动法下工会企业员工权益管理策略。     

Labor and india's economic reforms

Before liberalization in 1991, India had developed exceptionally complex labor regulations which strengthened the bargaining power of unions and increased job security in the formal economy, at the cost of employment. Deregulation and privatization can be expected to strengthen competition, accelerate productivity growth, narrow gaps between formal and informal labor markets outcomes, and weaken union power. Is this happening in post-1991 India? Because India liberalized its economy so recently, and so gradually, it is too early to tell. Key areas of the economy continue to be highly regulated, including labor markets. Yet, there are signs that industrial relations are changing. Increased competition in product markets and dissipation of rents are eroding the protection labor regulations once afforded workers in formal labor markets. In a more competitive environment, the same labor regulations that once increased job security, might expose workers to greater risks.     

International Labor Union Policy and Growth with Creative Destruction*

A multi‐economy Schumpeterian growth model is constructed. Economies are interdependent through technology transfer. Households can stay as workers or become researchers at some cost. Workers are employed in production and researchers in R&D. Workers are unionized and union power depends on the government's protection. The main findings are as follows. If international technological dependence increases, then workers’ wages, the growth rate, and the level of welfare fall. The international coordination of labor union policy raises workers’ wages and promotes growth and welfare.     

基于性别差异的女性农民工劳动权益保障研究

我国劳动力市场中,女性农民工经常遭受性别歧视,其劳动权益屡屡遭受到侵害。国外对妇女劳动权益的保障主要有立法措施和暂行特别措施,这些措施为我国在保护女性农民工劳动权益方面提供了成功的经验,值得决策者决策时借鉴。     

中国劳资关系的城乡户籍差异

本文利用最近的企业和农民工调查数据探讨了劳资关系城乡户籍差异问题。城乡工人在劳资关系各方面的巨大差异源于两个方面 :一是人力资本水平差异和就业企业的差异 ;二是农民工受到的户籍歧视。研究结果发现 ,前者解释了两类工人劳资关系差异的 70 %— 80 % ,说明人力资本和企业状况是决定工人待遇的主要因素 ;后者解释了两类工人劳资关系差异的 2 0 %— 3 0 % ,户籍歧视所造成的差距同样是不容忽视的。除劳动合同方面外 ,农民工在工资、养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险以及工会参与等方面均遭到户籍歧视。研究结果暗示仅仅关注工资收入的城乡歧视是不够的 ,同时也为更全面的劳动力市场校正政策提供了经验支持     

新疆农民工劳动权益保障问题探讨

随着经济的不断发展,各地之间人口流动加快,大量新疆本地和外地的农民工涌进城镇,但是当前新疆农民工劳动权益保障问题依然比较突出,劳资纠纷依然大量存在。这其中既有农民工自身素质较低、维权意识不足的原因,也有用工单位劳动管理不合理及劳动法制不健全等原因。今后应通过改革户籍管理制度、完善相关制度法规、强化劳动监察部门职能、加强法律宣传教育、规范劳动合同管理等途径,加强对农民工劳动权益的保障。     

马克思劳动力商品学说及其现实意义

马克思劳动力商品学说揭示了劳动力成为商品是导致资本家与工人收入分配不均的主要原因。我国现阶段收入分配中劳动力收入占整个收入分配中的比重过低,也存在分配不均的问题,应当重视马克思劳动力商品学说的指导意义,在现阶段的收入分配中强化按劳分配的主体地位,注重生产要素分配中的劳动力要素的权利问题,创造条件使劳动力实现资本化,增加劳动者的财产收入,逐步解决收入分配差距拉大的问题。     

How do Labor Unions Influence the Gender Earnings Gap? A Comparative Study of the US and Korea

Abstract

This paper provides a comparative study of the United States and Korea regarding the effects of unions on gender earnings gaps in 2004. Using datasets representative of the population of the US and Korea, this contribution shows that gender differences in the workers' observed characteristics and the unobserved component reduce gender earnings gaps in union jobs in both the US and Korea. Fringe benefits in the union sector attract women workers with higher labor market qualifications into the union sector and thereby reduce the gender earnings gap in this sector. The study finds that this self-selection process in the union sector is stronger in Korea than in the US, but the seniority-based wage system that prevails in the Korean union sector widens the gender earnings gap.     

劳动争议中的证人证言问题研究

劳动者与用人单位之间的特殊关系,对劳动争议中证人证言的内容、占有、支配、采集和证人态度、证人举证能力以及证据价值、证据效力等有着重要影响;合理地解决劳动争议中有关利害关系证人证言、证人出庭、书证物证的选择适用、用人单位举证责任及证人证言适用排除等问题,对于劳动争议当事人及司法裁判机关依法辨别、采信、运用和认定证人证言是至关重要的。     

Labor standards, labor-management bargaining and international rivalry

Using the labor union's bargaining power as an indication of government policy on labor standards issues, we analyze the competition between a domestic (North) firm and a foreign (South) firm, and their relationship with optimal labor standards (LS). First, we show that the optimal level of LS is higher when labor unions are employment-oriented than when they are not. Second, it is higher under free trade than under the optimal tariff system if labor unions are employment-oriented. Third, ‘a race to the bottom’ of LS occurs in the case of wage-oriented unions. Fourth, the North's imposing a tariff to force the Southern government to raise its LS is effective only if the Southern union is wage-oriented. In order to raise Southern LS, both countries may need some deeper form of economic integration, if the North does not want to abandon its free trade system.     

Labor Mobility and East Asian Integration

East Asian economic integration is commonly analyzed in the context of trade in goods and services and capital flows, while labor flows have been very much neglected. Yet labor flows in the region are rapidly growing, given the diversity in levels of economic development, employment opportunities and wage levels, and the existence of labor surplus and deficit countries. Labor migration poses more benefits than costs for both sending and receiving countries, but there are more sensitivities toward labor flows than trade and capital flows. The characteristics and government policies are different for the unskilled and semiskilled foreign workers and for the professionals and highly skilled. Regional cooperation among countries is needed to manage the flows, reduce the incidence of illegal and undocumented workers, reduce the transaction costs of migration, and protect the rights of these workers.