农村劳动力迁移、老人照顾需求与社会支持介入方式分析

随着农村劳动力外流及家庭结构核心化,我国传统家庭养老功能呈现不断弱化的趋势,人口老龄化与高龄化导致家庭照料供需不平衡的矛盾更加凸显。基于社会支持理论,文章审视了农村老人的照顾需求及其差异性,同时也探讨了农村老人照顾需求与社会支持的内在机理,并在此基础上提出构建适当的社会支持网络的政策建议,以弥补老人照顾需求与家庭照顾的不足,最终实现维持社会与家庭照顾责任之间平衡的目的。     

对农村合作经济组织作用的再思考——基于社会资本的视角

农村劳动力回流是因为在城市中社会资本匮乏无法在城市立足,但是回到农村有了社会资本,光靠单个的农田生产和创业经济条件却又无法得到改善。农村合作经济组织正好能够满足回流的农村外出劳动力在修复社会资本和改善经济条件两方面的要求。     

How social security policies and economic transformation affect poverty and inequality: Lessons for South Africa

This article examines how various characteristics of social and economic policy frameworks affect poverty and inequality levels in developing countries, principally in Botswana and Mauritius. The research findings suggest that poverty and inequality are lower in countries with generous and broad-based – rather than pro-poor – social security policies, and where social policies are complemented by economic policies promoting economic transformation rather than mere economic growth. While South Africa's challenges of combating poverty and inequality are shaped by its own historical context, the lessons from other countries offer the opportunity to reflect on the social consequences of various social and economic policy mixtures. In particular, it may be worth considering how to bridge the divide between the economically productive contributors to social security policies and the economically marginalised beneficiaries of such policies.     

西藏农村公共服务的提供和贫困的减少(英文)

I. IntroductionThrough observing the basic public services that the farmers and herdsmen have obtained,this paper is devoted to an evaluation of the efforts made by the local government for thealleviation of poverty in rural Tibet. Firstly, the role of the agricultural support system inrealizing food security will be identified. Secondly, the public services that could directlyimprove the household welfare of farmers and herdsmen will be examined. Finally, we willexplore the possibilities for…     

Solution to the Dilemma of the Migrant Labor Shortage and the Rural Labor Surplus in China

Since 2003, China＇s labor market has been facing two coexisting crises： a rural labor surplus and a severe shortage of migrant labor Using data from the 2000 China Health and Nutrition Survey questionnaire, which covers 288 villages in 36 counties, this paper attempts to find a solution to this dilemma. Specifically, a multinomial logit model, a Mincer- type model and a probit model are applied to examine the effect of educational level on the employment choices for rural laborers, and on the wages and the employment status of migrants. Based on the results of our analysis, we propose the implementation of policy aimed at increasing the educational level of rural dwellers, in conjunction with other policies to eliminate all artificial barriers, to facilitate the migration of rural laborers.     

When Does Economic Growth Reduce Poverty and Strengthen the Middle Class? A State-Level,Sector-Specific Analysis of Peru

Using novel state-level data of Peru from 1997 to 2010, we investigate how growth in different sectors affects poverty rates and the middle class. Our results indicate that only the manufacturing sector seems to robustly decrease poverty. Growth in the service sector emerges as a meaningful predictor of a rising middle class. Allowing for regional differences, we find substantial variation across the 25 Peruvian states with large shifts in magnitudes, signs, and statistical importance. Beyond the immediate implications for Peru, these findings highlight the importance of analyzing the link between economic performance and poverty rates on a subnational level. Policy implications are likely to differ substantially, depending on the source of economic growth and regional particularities.     

Effects of Rural Medical Financial Assistance in China

This paper presents research results from the evaluation of the Medical Financial Assistance (MFA) program,supported by the World Bank,to extremely poor rural residents. It is found that MFA can help to improve the ability of the poor to make use of medical services,and especially their ability to receive services from township clinics. The present study also shows that adoption of the MFA mechanism helps to reduce the impact of disease on the economies of poor families,and prevents the poor afflicted with serious illnesses from being marginalized. However,as the beneficiaries often suffer from serious,complicated and lasting illnesses,the financial assistance is often insignificant in relation to medical expenses. Furthermore,the MFA plays no significant role in restoring a patient's income-earning ability.     

Trade Liberalization,Economic Restructuring and Urban Poverty: The Case of China*

Increased trade openness and rapid market-oriented transformation have largely altered the patterns of wealth accumulation and wealth distribution in post-reform China. In the present paper, with the help of Chinese provincial level data over the period of 1986 to 2000, simultaneous equations estimation and generalized method of moment techniques are applied to investigate the relationship between trade and poverty in urban China. Empirical results suggest that China's trade liberalization helps to reduce urban poverty both directly and indirectly through its favorable impacts on economic growth.     

“民工荒”问题的实证分析

本文根据中国特殊国情构建了农村劳动力转移就业模型,选取深圳农民工作为样本进行实证分析。研究显示,沿海地区对外来农民工的“吸力”下降和内地城市经济发展而形成的“拉力”上升共同引起了沿海地区农民工短缺。     

农村劳动力迁移为什么没有缩小城乡收入差距——以广东为例

广东经济发展过程中出现农村劳动力迁移量和城乡收入差距同时扩大的现象,本文从农村迁移劳动力在城市劳动力市场上的就业分布和农村劳动力迁移对城乡人力资本差距的影响两方面对此与传统经济学理论相悖的现象进行了分析.本文认为农村劳动力迁移没有缩小城乡收入差距一方面因为农村劳动力在城市劳动力市场受到歧视,一般在城市次要劳动力市场就业;另一方面因为农村劳动力迁移扩大了城乡人力资本差距,从而扩大了城乡收入差距.