黑龙江省红色边疆农场民俗旅游资源开发对策研究

红色边疆农场民族风情独特,民俗旅游资源丰富,发展民俗旅游具有广阔的市场前景。经调研,本文分析了农场民俗旅游资源、开发现状及问题,提出了民俗旅游资源的开发策略,为农场旅游开发提供参考借鉴。     

论我国民俗旅游资源开发

民俗旅游是高层次的文化旅游,目前已成为我国最具吸引力的旅游项目之一。本文对国内民俗旅游现状进行分析,同时针对民俗旅游资源开发中存在的问题,提出民俗旅游发展策略。     

我国农村地区民俗旅游经济开发研究

我国农村地区拥有丰富的民俗旅游资源,作为人类文化旅游资源的重要组成部分,农村地区民俗旅游资源因其独特的民族风情和厚重的文化底蕴吸引了众多游客,同时也带动了我国农村地区民俗旅游经济的开发。当前农村地区民俗旅游已经成为推动农村经济社会发展的重要动力,但部分农村地区民俗旅游经济开发面临不充分、不平衡和不合理的问题。为此,需进一步明确民俗旅游开发的目标,挖掘民俗文化内涵,形成优势特色,进而推进民俗旅游的健康持续发展。     

农业民俗中面临的旅游开发问题

农业民俗是劳动人民智慧的结晶。北京的农业民俗产业蒸蒸日上,如何将农业民俗和旅游开发很好地结合起来？如何将农业民俗作为一种珍贵的旅游文化资源很好地保护、开发和利用？如何将农业民俗作为一种精神旅游资源代代相传、发扬光大？本文结合国内外对于农业民俗旅游资源的开发及笔者在北京平谷区熊尔寨乡的实地民俗旅游田野调查研究结果进行探讨,并对北京农业民俗的旅游开发问题做出展望。     

民俗旅游开发与保护

在旅游资源保护呼声日盛的今天，民俗旅游资源的保护更是受到了广泛的关注，我们不但要对民俗旅游资源进行保护，更应该关注其开发与可持续发展．我们要认真地对民俗旅游资源进行审视，对其价值进行充分认识和发掘，在保护民俗旅游资源的基础上，才能开发利用它．同时，这也需要我们在尊重传统和事实的前提下，科学地开发和保护，使民俗旅游资源在现代化进程中永葆生机．     

基于AHP-FCE的旅游资源开发潜力评价——以吉林省四平市为例

以吉林省四平市为例,通过实地调查,依据《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》标准,梳理四平市旅游资源类型与数量。运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价相结合的方法,构建评价模型对四平市旅游资源开发潜力进行评价,结果表明,资源价值方面,四平市旅游资源市场价值所占分值最大,旅游资源自身要素价值次之,然后是旅游资源区位条件;资源特色方面,以历史遗址遗迹、红色文化和满族民俗旅游资源为主,特色鲜明、吸引力较强,具备较高的开发潜力。结合评价结果,分析四平市旅游资源开发存在的问题,提出了该市旅游业可持续开发的调控对策,旨在为该地区旅游业发展提供参考。     

绥化市民俗旅游开发研究

民俗旅游是人文旅游资源的重要组成部分,它以鲜明的民俗品格,独特的文化内涵,厚重的历史氛围,显著的地域差距,以及丰富多彩的表现形式,对游客产生巨大的诱惑力和感召力,成为旅游者选择的一大热点。本文通过分析绥化市民俗旅游开发现状,发现绥化市民俗旅游开发中存在的问题,并提出了绥化市民俗旅游开发尊重传统民俗,因地制宜、提高游客的参与性、发挥地域优势,走特色旅游之路、培养专业人才,提高管理水平等对策,进而提升绥化市民俗旅游的发展水平。     

宁德市畲族民俗旅游资源显性化开发研究

民俗旅游资源是区域旅游业发展的重要基础,受认知能力、资源的存在状态等多重因素的影响,民俗旅游资源呈现隐性的状态,这为区域发展旅游业带来了一定的难度;在探讨民俗旅游资源的概念、特征、开发理念等基础上,结合宁德市畲族民俗文化为例进行了系统的研究。     

可持续发展视角下乡村民俗旅游发展研究

文化逐渐成为旅游的核心资源。中国具有丰富的传统民俗文化,而农村是民俗文化的主要传承地。在现代化发展影响下,民俗文化受到较大冲击。以民俗文化为主体的乡村旅游活动,即有利于民俗文化的传承与保护,又为农村经济发展注入新的活力。但是,乡村旅游基础设施建设等因素比较落后,乡村民俗旅游产业开发性不足,导致乡村民俗旅游发展受到限制,不利于民俗文化传承和乡村旅游的可持续发展。本文系统分析乡村民俗旅游发展的有利条件与不利条件,并提出促进民俗旅游可持续发展的对策建议。     

北京休闲农业发展现状特征及对策建议

[目的]休闲农业是北京旅游市场新的经济增长点,其可持续发展对"十三五"时期北京都市型现代农业健康发展具有重要意义。通过分析北京休闲农业的发展特征并提出针对性建议,以期为促进北京市城乡交流、实现农民增收提供理论依据。[方法]文章主要对2006~2015年北京农业观光园、民俗旅游等2种主要休闲业态的总体现状、经营主体数量、从业人数、经营收入、接待人次等的时空演化开展定量分析。基于分析结果提出以市场为导向,加快转型升级;加强生态资源保护性开发;加紧文化创意元素融合;加速"互联网+休闲农业"布局等休闲农业未来发展的建议。[结果]北京的休闲农业呈现四大特征:(1)农业观光园的"产品消费外扩与食宿消费内聚"趋势并存,合力影响北京农业观光园时空演化进程;(2)民俗旅游呈现以"空心化、亲自然"为特征的持续性远郊热,生态涵养发展区民俗旅游发展持续巩固;(3)休闲农业市场邻近性的优势渐弱,休闲农业总体呈向外部扩散趋势;(4)休闲农业对自然旅游资源的依附性趋强,旅游自然资源富集区休闲农业发展优势明显。[结论]北京部分农业观光园出现增速放缓,收入大幅下降的局面,农业观光园转型发展需求迫切;北京近10年民俗旅游收入和接待人次实现较大幅度增长,但民俗旅游经营户的经营收入、人均消费水平仍相对较低,需对民俗旅游的经营水平和盈利能力作进一步提升。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.