财政税收政策与中国农业可持续发展

我国当前的财政税收政策存在一些不利于农业可持续发展的问题，应逐步对其进行调整，增加财政对涉农行业的无偿投入，大力发展政策性投融资，调理财政支农投入的使用方向。同时完善税收制度，优化现行税收支出政策，以促进我国农业的可持续发展。     

政策要览

山西省加大投入力度切实支持促进农业和粮食生产贯彻落实全国农业和粮食生产工作电视电话会议精神,山西省进一步加大对农业和粮食生产的投入力度,省本级在年初"三农"支出预算增加36.3亿元、增长57.3%的基础上,再增加3.05亿元投入,积极支持农业和粮食生产。     

推行财政直接补助增加农民收入

长期以来,我国对农业的投入主要有两种方式,一是以直接补助方式为主的支援农业支出,二是以间接补助方式为主的农业税收减免。前者是根据我国农业的基础地位和实际需要安排的一些项目支出和事业支出,其社会效益十分显著,但它并不能直接增加农业生产者的收入。后者虽然增加了农     

邢台市财政支持农业结构调整的基础做法

“九五”以来，我市认真贯彻落实各级党委、政府关于加快农业结构调整的一系列方针、政策，紧紧围绕全市农业结构调整的总体目标，通过增加农业投入，调整支农资金支出方向，优化支农资金的投入结构，促进了农业的产业化经营，提高了支农资金的使用效益，促进了我市农业结构的调整，我市主要做法是：     

我区农户生产投入的情况分析

农业的发展靠政策、靠科技、靠投入,但其实质仍可归结为投入,因此,政策与科技的效应最终要体现在投入上。而在投入的主体中农户的投入比重是至关重要的。今年我区农产的生产投入情况又怎样呢?据上半年对691户农民家庭经济抽样调查看,农产生产投入的情况喜忧都有。 连续几年农业欠收,使我区农民初步认识到农业基础的重要性,必须增加对农业的投入。据调查,今年上半年,我区农户生产投入总的来说有所增加,但结构不合理,存在着令人“三喜一忧”的状况。 一喜是生产投资比生活消费支出的增幅大。 今年1—6月份,我区农民家庭平均每人生产投资达99.28元,比去年同期增加5.7元,增长6.09％。而今年1—6月的生活消费支出人均163.04元,比去年同期增加2.19元,增长     

何必苛求“高于”

近年来我国出台了一系列某某支出增长必须高于财政预算总支出增长的政策。如为了科教兴国、兴市，规定财政预算内科技和教育投入必须高于财政总支出的增长比例；农业上又提出了法定增长比例的硬指标，即支农支出(七类支援农业生产发展支出和九类农林水气事业费支出)预算安排增长比例需高于财政总预算增长比例，支农支出的实际决算数需高于财政总决算支出的增长比例……     

财政支持农业发展研究

1．支持农业基础设施建设。加强基础设施建设是农业可持续发展的前提，也是实施农业和农村经济结构调整的必要条件。我国财政在这方面的支出严重不足，农业基本建设支出的比重很小．农田水利等基础设施建设薄弱。抵御自然灾害的能力下降。今后，在加大政府投入的同时，要引入市场机制．     

广东省财政加大支农力度

广东省各级财政坚持把农业放在经济工作的首位,认真贯彻落实中央和省委、省政府增加农业投入的有关政策,不断加大对农业的投入。一是预算内资金安排增加农业投入。“八五”期间,全省七八两类支农支出合计111.59亿元,比“七五”期间的47.29亿元,增加64.30亿元,增长135.97％,五年来平均每年增加12.86亿元,是全国支农支出增加最多的省份。 目前,全省支农支出占财政总支出的比例为8％,计划到“九五”期末将这个比例提高到     

浅谈如何加强农业专项资金审计

随着农村改革的不断深化,各级政府逐年增加对农业专项财政资金投入.农业专项资金是专门用于农村经济和农业发展以及帮助农民脱贫致富的三农专项支出.农业专项资金主要有水利专项资金、扶贫开发资金、农业综合开发资金以及各种对农民的直接补贴.     

2009年财政支农投入再创历史新高

2009年,财政部门认真贯彻落实国家强农惠农政策,积极调整优化支出结构,“三农”投入规模创历史新高。中央财政预算安排“三农”支出达7161．4亿元,比上年增加1205．9亿元,地方财政也不断加大投入,为夯实农业基础、促进农村经济社会发展和农民持续增收发挥了重要作用。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.