筚路蓝缕异乡路：剪子湾的人口迁移（晚清-1949年）

剪子湾是一个非常典型的移民村庄,分析其人口变迁的过程,可为观察与研究城郊农村社会转型尤其是20世纪以来农村城市化进程,提供一个不可多得的标本。采用历史学的实证方法和社会学的田野调查,对剪子湾遗留的地契、清队登记表、口述资料展开了历史考察与成因解释,其中晚清至民国期间的人口发展与变迁是这一考察的核心。剪子湾的人口变迁由特定的经济、政治和社会诸多因素构成,是一个时间和空间上逐渐变化的过程。在来自不同方向的推力和拉力的综合作用下,大批的农民迁移到剪子湾,并由此形成了剪子湾独特的移民文化。     

中国农村社会保障变迁:体系结构与制度评估——“三元结构”制度安排下契约变迁的路径分析

中国社会存在着一个关于不同社会群体的权利和义务的基本社会契约,以这种契约的变迁为划分方式,社会保障在中国农村有其非常独特的制度变迁路径。以此为逻辑起点,本项研究通过对农村集体、家庭、土地、政府、市场与社会等诸多保障制度的考察,将建国50多年来的中国农村社会保障制度变迁过程依次划分为集体契约型的隐性“普惠”保障、分权型的显性“利益分割或损益不均”保障和社会契约型的制度化“利益调整重构”保障三个阶段,并对每个阶段农村社会保障制度的体系结构进行相应的制度评估,继而检视中国农村社会保障制度变迁的路径。     

亚洲(之八)

卡塔尔一、概况卡塔尔国位于波斯湾西南岸的卡塔尔半岛上,扼波斯湾进入太平洋的海上交通要冲,面积1.03万平方公里,人口21万,其中外国移民和劳动人口16万人,占全国人口总数的68.8％。全境多沙漠,属热带沙漠气候。卡塔尔是石油输出园组织和阿拉伯石油输出国组织的成员国。1977年实现了石油国有化。石油工业比较发达,是国民经济的基础部门。农业比较落后,但沿海捕鱼和珍珠采集业较发达。     

三峡外迁农村移民社区适应现状研究--来自江苏省大丰市移民安置点的调查

三峡外迁移民是一个特殊的边缘、弱势群体.通过对江苏省大丰市移民安置点的考察,从社区生活环境、人际关系、生产劳动方式、风俗习惯描述了外迁移民社区适应状况,分析了影响移民社区适应的主体因素,提出了针对性的建议.     

我国农村劳动力转移方式及转移条件分析

劳动力转移是解决我国"三农"问题的主要措施。目前我国农村劳动力转移存在多种方式,其中农村劳动力向小城市或县城转移,是大多数农村人口向城镇转移的主要途径。人口迁移的"推拉理论"是研究流动人口和移民的重要理论之一,农村人口在从农民变成农民工,再变成城镇人口的过程中,是在拉力和推力两种力量的共同作用下完成的。     

我国农村剩余人口转移的社会经济效应分析

本文考察了我国农村剩余人口转移产生积极效应的前提条件,认为其核心问题在于农村剩余人口转移是否造成农业部门的衰败从而产生一系列成本.由此分析我国农村人口转移所产生的负面效应和相应对策.     

认真贯彻“两个”调整 切实搞好移民外迁

1999年5月,国务院在北京召开了三峡工程移民工作会议.朱镕基总理出席会议并作了重要讲话,他强调,三峡工程能否顺利进行,难点在移民,关键在移民.会议回顾了八年移民试点情况,认真总结了三峡工程开工后五年来移民工作经验和教训,面对三峡库区出现的新情况,会议决定对库区移民政策进行两个调整:一是鼓励和引导更多的农村移民外迁安置;二是对库区没有竞争力的企业尽量关闭,进一步加大搬迁工矿企业结构调整力度.为落实国务院三峡移民工作会议精神,去年10月,三峡建委在重庆召开专门会议,就第一个调整,即鼓励和引导更多的农村移     

农村社会养老保障水平变迁研究

农村社会养老问题一直以来都是社会关注的焦点,特别是在城镇化与工业化发展过程中,我国农村社会养老问题日渐突出。我国农村社会养老保险经过了一系列变迁过程,正在日趋完善。本文首先对农村社会养老保障水平变迁过程进行分析,然后分析农村养老保障水平变迁的原因,最后提出在农村社会养老保险变迁过程中得到的启示,供有关人员参考。     

我国农村非正规金融制度:演进路径与政策规范

本文从制度经济学的视角,分析了我国农村非正规金融与农村经济的诱致性制度变迁过程以及非正规金融与政府管制的强制性制度变迁过程,阐述了农村非正规金融组织形式的变迁过程及我国农村非正规金融制度的演进路径,并在此基础上对如何引导和规范我国农村非正规金融发展提出了相应的对策建议。     

促进河南农村剩余劳动力转移的对策研究

劳动力的就业状况是一个国家和地区经济发展规模、发展水平的客观反映,农村剩余劳动力的出现是生产力发展过程中的不可避免的一个阶段.河南省是一个人口大省、农业大省,人均土地资源贫乏,农村剩余劳动力较多的现象存在已久.能否有效地解决农村剩余劳动力问题,将制约河南省经济的健康发展.     

人口迁移与农村贫困

工业化过程中的人口迁移,是改善农村贫困,抑或恶化农村贫困?世界各国发展经济学家对这一问题的争论较大。采用中国人口迁移数据分析了这一问题。     

人口迁移与农村贫困

工业化过程中的人口迁移,是改善农村贫困,抑或恶化农村贫困?世界各国发展经济学家对这一问题的争论较大.采用中国人口迁移数据分析了这一问题.     

Determinants of International Student Migration

This paper considers what factors determine the migration of overseas students, when students cross borders for higher education. We utilise a gravity model for international student mobility and derive estimates for a sample of 18 countries of destination and 38 countries of origin over the period 2005–11. Our results confirm that geographical distance and the presence of a common language are powerful in explaining bilateral student flows. Our most interesting finding is that time zone differences have a statistically significant and economically large effect in determining international student flows.     

Migration,Unemployment and Trade

Using an oligopoly model of trade with asymmetric costs, we study the individual and world welfare implications of a hub and spoke trade agreement where the hub country is more efficient than spoke countries. Under a hub and spoke trade regime, the hub country can benefit at the expense of the spokes relative to free trade. Furthermore, if the hub is sufficiently efficient compared to the spokes, such a regime can yield higher global welfare than free trade. Preferential treatment of the efficient hub country in its export markets improves world welfare because it helps allocate a larger share of the world’s output to a low cost location.     

State Income Taxes and Interstate Migration

This paper examines the comprehensive IRS data set of state-state migration flows for evidence that differences in state income tax rates are associated with migration patterns. Using annual data on moves between every pair of states, pooled time-series cross-section regressions indicate that in the 1992–2010 period states with higher top marginal income tax rates experienced relatively greater outmigration of taxpayers and gross income. To illustrate the magnitude of the tax effect, we estimate that by 2010 cumulative losses since the enactment of New Jersey’s 2004 “millionaires’ tax” were as much as 42,000 taxpayers and $6.9 billion in annual adjusted gross income. These results suggest that sustained, relatively high income tax rates could gradually erode a state’s population and revenue base.     

Medical Malpractice Liability and Physician Migration

This paper uses national data on individual physicians and two control groups to provide evidence on the extent to which each of five medical malpractice reforms impacts the decision to move one's medical practice to another state. We find robust evidence that states that have implemented noneconomic damage caps experience less out-migration of physicians than states that do not have these reforms. In addition, we find some evidence that joint and several liability reforms and patient compensation funds also impact the migration decisions of physicians.     

International Trade Agreements and International Migration

Despite large potential economic gains, bilateral and multilateral negotiations focusing on liberalisation of migration have not shared the high profile of international trade negotiations and agreements. Migration and trade have been traditionally viewed rather separately and the relevance of the many, and complex, interdependencies has been given remarkably little attention in the literature to date. In this article, we focus on the two‐way interaction between international migration and agreements designed to enhance cross‐border trade and investment. Liberalisation of international trade in services and in the movement of people potentially offers much greater economic gains than liberalisation of remaining barriers to goods trade. However, progress within multilateral frameworks is fraught with difficulty. The World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has yielded little real progress so far and negotiations within more flexible unilateral and bilateral frameworks are likely to be more successful in liberalising the movement of labour. We discuss a range of specific examples, focusing particularly on the interesting case of New Zealand. We find that trade agreements are increasingly including agreements on migration, though typically favouring temporary migration and involving numerically modest quotas. We conclude that migration regulatory frameworks are likely to be further and more strongly linked to trade and investment agreements in the future, particularly given changing economic and demographic forces. The primary focus of migration policies may nonetheless remain different from that of trade policies. While further migration liberalisation is likely to be through bilateral and regional agreements, it will be important to try to lock in the gains of such agreements, while simultaneously working to consolidating these in a way that will help to facilitate future multilateral agreement.