金融媒介与社会媒介的融合——印度小额信贷反思

从2009年初现端倪到目前大规模违约，有“小额信贷之都”美誉的印度安德拉邦重新引起人们对小额信贷模式的反思。作为一种减贫措施，小额信贷由尤努斯教授20世纪80年代于孟加拉首创，并被迅速传播到世界各地，尤其在发展中国家受到热烈欢迎。小额信贷以其客户定位、风险管理技术、减贫实践得到实践与理论界的普遍认可。     

国外小额信贷理论与实践评析

小额信贷是为贫困人口以及小型企业创业者提供的信贷服务，作为一种金融创新，它开辟了以市场经济方式减轻贫困的新渠道，促进了规范化金融体系的均衡发展。小额信贷在国际上经过了大约30年的实践，获得了广泛的发展和认可，在一定程度上对传统的金融与经济发展理论、反贫困理论提出了挑战，引起国际学术界的关注，产生了许多研究成果。相对而言，小额信贷在中国的发展尚不令人满意，学术界对国外小额信贷理论研究的关注不够。因此，本文就小额信贷近年来国外有关理论动态和实践进展进行评析，以期对我国正在进行的农村金融改革及小额信贷组织试点带来有益的启示。     

完善小额信贷可持续发展的路径选择——以湍水头镇小额信贷项目为例

小额贷款为解决贫困,解决农民贷款难的问题,起到十分重要的作用。但是,如何实现小额信贷的可持续发展,又是开展小额信贷各国遇到的难题。文章以湍水头小额信贷实践为基础,对小额信贷可持续性进行探讨,探索完善小额信贷可持续发展的路径选择。     

制度经济学视角下的农信社小额信货

农信社小额信贷经过几年的基层操作实践，制度缺陷已经成为其可持续发展的障碍，文章依照新制度经济学的原理，通过对农信社小额信贷体制存在的问题进行分析，提出了一些对策建议。     

浙江省小额信贷创新实践与持续发展研究

文章在分析浙江省小额信贷发展环境的基础上,对小额信贷供应机构、政府部门等主体在解决小额信贷供需失衡和小额信贷创新发展中的实践进行了分析阐述,结合浙江省小额信贷发展中的现存问题,提出浙江省小额信贷创新发展的建议:充分发挥现有正规金融机构的作用;完善政策环境,实施差异监管;借鉴有益经验,提升客户素质;积极发挥财政资金的支持作用。     

孟加拉国乡村银行对我国发展农村小额信贷的启示

发展农村小额信贷是当前我国提高农村金融服务质量和水平的一个重要途径和方法,而目前国际上最成功的农村小额信贷机构就是孟加拉国的乡村银行。本文首先对孟加拉国乡村银行运作模式及成功经验进行了研究,然后对我国农村小额信贷的发展实践进行了回顾,最后,总结了对我国发展农村小额信贷的一些启示。     

浅议我国农村小额信贷的问题与对策

如何向农村人口提供金融服务，是农村经济发展必须要解决的问题，也一直是各国政府面临的挑战。农村小额信贷的实践和发展为解决这一问题提供了全新的思路。但我国农村小额信贷的发展目前仍处于实验探索阶段，还面临着各种各样的风险和挑战。本文分析了农村小额信贷发展过程中的问题，并结合实际提出了大力拓展农村小额信贷的建议。     

孟加拉国乡村银行对我国发展农村小额信贷的启示

发展农村小额信贷是当前我国提高农村金融服务质量和水平的一个重要途径和方法,而目前国际上最成功的农村小额信贷机构就是孟加拉国的乡村银行.本文首先对孟加拉国乡村银行运作模式及成功经验进行了研究,然后对我国农村小额信贷的发展实践进行了回顾,最后,总结了对我国发展农村小额信贷的一些启示.     

国际小额信贷发展趋势及面临问题对我国的借鉴

长期以来,我国NGO小额信贷机构与国际小额信贷组织一直保持着互动与合作,国际小额信贷实践对于我国有重要借鉴意义。国际小额信贷机构在进入了制度主义发展模式后出现了一些具有普遍性的问题,如目标客户偏移、贷款利率过高等等。文章通过对比总结国内外小额信贷机构的发展以及实践中存在的突出问题,得出我国NGO小额信贷机构在运作机制上必须向制度主义转型;除此之外,我国小额信贷机构的持续经营还需要建立完善的外部支持体系,对此政府和小额信贷行业组织发挥着重要作用。     

实现小额信贷商业化发展的思考

商业化的小额信贷自90年代以来在世界各地取得了巨大的发展和举世瞩目的成就，一直以来被认为是减少贫困和完善金融市场的最为有效的工具之一。然而在中国，小额信贷的商业化进程还只是处于起步阶段，中国几乎是惟一缺乏正规商业化小额信贷的发展中国家。采取措施扫除小额信贷商业化发展的障碍，促进商业化小额信贷的发展是中国小额信贷发展的必然趋势。为此，需提出相关对策。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.