全域旅游背景下地方特色旅游人才发展研究——以广西上林县为例

<正>人才是第一生产力，人才聚则事业兴。旅游业的发展离不开人才的支持，文章首先基于全域旅游背景，研究广西上林县旅游市场特点及走向，接着针对区域旅游人才新发展需求，分析广西上林县旅游人才培养过程中存在的问题，最后据此提出全域旅游背景下上林特色旅游人才培养策略。     

亲和力与亲切感:旅游城市有待培育的第一引力——“杭州现象”带来的启示

在WEF《旅游竞争力报告》的分析中,中国的“旅游亲和力”表现出惊人的滞后,这不能不让我们警醒.文章意在探寻旅游服务构成元素中“旅游亲争力”的所在及其产生和培育的机理,并从而在中国各地不平衡的发展中寻找出更多的积极因素.为此,文章选取杭州作为有益的实例进行了分析,从城市、旅游供给、市场促销、公共服务等层面给以了一定的追踪,以期能够供旅游城市在建设和经营管理中参照思考.     

省旅游局作风建设主题教育活动进展顺利

目前，省旅游局作风建设主题教育活动效果明显。由于重视抓了国内外旅游市场宣传促销和全省旅游产业发展大调研，认真组织了全省旅游安全质量大检查，今年的“五一”旅游黄金周，全省共接待海内外游客135488万人次，实现旅游总收入46．76亿元人民币，分别比去年同期增长28．39％和29．56％，在全国34个省市区的同期旅游接待收入中也首次跃居前列。[第一段]     

中国出境旅游目的地的市场定位研究

本文探讨了中国出境旅游目的地的市场竞争以及市场定位，研究表明，中国公民出境旅游目的地的特征属性中，“安全性”与“优美的景色”是中国出境旅游者认为的最重要特征属性；KYST研究结果表明，在中国现已开放的出境旅游目的地中，新加坡与泰国、日本与韩国、埃及与德国是两两相似的出境旅游目的地形象；ALSCAL研究结果表明，中国出境旅游目的地的特征属性之间既具有联系，又具有差异；中国出境旅游目的地国家相互之间具有市场竞争性。为吸引更多的中国大陆旅游者出境旅游，中国出境旅游目的地国家应制定相应的旅游市场营销策略。     

云南海外客源市场发展及开拓

旅游客源市场是旅游业发展的重要前提，而旅游产品的无形性与不可运输性特点，决定了旅游宣传促销和市场开拓的重要性。本文在分析了云南海外游客市场发展现状和海外旅游者消费水平的基础上，提出了云南开拓海外客源市场的主要对策措施是：突出云南旅游特色，塑造鲜明旅游形象；调整旅游客源结构，开拓高素质游客；充分利用各种媒介，创新旅游宣传促销方式；运用市场经济规律，建立旅游市场开拓机制；加快对外开放步伐，加强区域旅游合作；应用现代科学技术，加快培养旅游营销人才；努力提升开拓海外客源市场的能力和水平。     

旅游市场促销的帕累托最优条件及实施模式评价

本文运用纯公共品的帕累托最优条件解释旅游市场促销中旅游部门的经济行为,探讨在现实经济中使得市场促销主体效用最大化的条件.应用旅游市场促销供给的最优效率条件,评价旅游市场促销实施模式,提出政府部门主导模式和私人部门主导模式存在着"搭便车"和公共品供给不足的帕累托无效配置,而这两种模式的组合形式,即政府与私人部门合作的协调模式却存在帕累托改进,依据协调模式可构建一个新型旅游市场促销管理组织结构,建议旅游行业协会以更有效的方式为实现旅游市场促销主体的合作行为提供服务.     

建立科学高效的旅游目的地市场营销体系的六个环节

旅游宣传促销越来越受到各城市政府和旅游部门的重视,各城市投入的旅游宣传促销资金近几年迅速增长,目前有许多城市年宣传促销资金都超过1000万元,有的甚至达到近亿元.旅游宣传促销资金的增长客观上为城市旅游市场开发创造了条件,也为各地生机勃勃的旅游宣传促销活动增添了动力.     

市场的“二律背反”与入境旅游营销新见解

随着新一轮经济改革的推进,政府职能转变,旅游主管部门原有的旅游行业管理、旅游资源开发和旅游宣传促销三大主要职能将发生变化,旅游宣传促销也就是旅游目的地营销越来越受到各地政府的重视,并逐渐成为旅游主管部门最重要的职能.     

加强区域协作联合促进北方旅游经济发展

随着以发展国内旅游为主旨的假日旅游蓬勃发展,人们利用假日闲暇,到就近旅游区观光、度假、修学、经贸考察等旅游活动已成为时尚,这对于我们北方各省区币进一步加大区域协作提供了更加广阔的市场基础,也对我们在开辟旅游线路、加强市场促销、开展执法检查、进行形象塑造等方面加强联合,提出了更高的要求。     

大众旅游时代下云冈文创产品营销策略探讨

<正>大众旅游时代背景下，云冈特色文创产品作为中华优秀文化的载体，为古老的历史元素注入现代设计理念，对于弘扬和传承云冈文化、满足人们对美和艺术的追求、促进文化旅游的发展有着重要的现实意义。文章探讨云冈文创的产品开发、合理定价、销售渠道和宣传促销四个方面的营销策略，以期更好地打通市场销售渠道、增强影响力、扩大销售量，合理地保护和利用世界文化遗产。     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers

The tourism sector globally has become increasingly mindful of how an ageing population is reshaping service provision forms and offerings. This being particularly true of accommodation operations where there is a now a growing recognition of the commercial value for providing market groups with exceptional service. With this in mind, this study sought to ascertain the perceptions of managers in the accommodation sector towards disability service provision with a view to identifying any current service gaps or failings. An inductive, qualitative approach was used with the data collection phase incorporating a series of one on one interviews and a focus group. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 managers of hotels deemed to have accessible rooms that complied with the relevant building codes and standards. A focus group comprised 22 managers of hotels located in the Sydney central business district, Australia. Study findings revealed five key themes that had not been previously discussed in the literature. They were: inclusive attitudinal approach; safety; the responsibility of people with a disability to communicate their needs to the hotel; perceptions of accessible rooms by the general public; and operational processes. Related themes that emerged from the data analysis that had previously been aligned with the literature included: legislative responsibility, policy and building codes; disability as a market segment; staff awareness/training; and language, marketing, and promotion information. Implications with respect to management of accessible rooms in the accommodation sector are outlined and further areas of research are proposed.     

Organized Youth Sport and Parenting in Public and Private Spaces

This article examines the connection of organized youth sport to cultural beliefs, values and practices of contemporary parenting ideologies, specifically the idealization of intensive mothering and involved fathering. It explores how parenting ideologies are constructed by the discourses expressed by individuals in their everyday lives through their children's sport participation. Moreover, the analysis of the parental discourse illustrates how parenting goes beyond the home environment and becomes a public act that is observed by other parents, with these observations creating the basis of what is deemed to be a good parent. Emphasis is also placed on the gendered dimensions of meeting the expectations for being a good parent.     

Leisure and the rich today: Veblen's thesis after a century

This paper calls for a revisionist reading of the thesis of the leisure class. Veblen's great work The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) argued that society is ruled by a leisure class. The primary identifying characteristics of this class are prodigious wealth, voluntary abnegation from pecuniary labour and conspicuous consumption. Veblen's argument suggested the decomposition of the work ethic because the characteristics cultivated by the rich would be emulated by the lower orders. Schor's The Overworked American (1991) work suggests that overwork, not leisure is one of the primary identifying characteristics of postwar culture. The article uses statistical and biographical data on the rich today to provide a counterpoint to Veblen's thesis. It is argued that the rich are not characterized by a rejection of work. On the contrary the richest people in the world typically work longer hours than the average. For these individuals work adopts a play form which probably contrasts sharply with wider social experience. Data on the leisure of Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Richard Branson is examined to assemble a position on leisure and the rich which contrasts with the Veblen thesis.     

Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization

This article examines the development of souvenirs research in tourism studies. It looks at souvenirs from four broad vantage points, namely historical perspectives on souvenirs research, souvenirs as messengers of meaning, souvenirs as tradable commodities and the commodification of souvenirs and handicrafts. Part of this includes the supply and demand aspects of souvenir production and consumption, including the distribution system and various aspects of producers. The paper also considers the commodification process of native arts and crafts into consumable tourism products and suggests future directions for additional works in this understudied area of tourism research.     

The BYOB of wine phenomenon of consumers in the Australian licensed on-premise foodservice sector

The overall aim of this baseline exploratory study was to explore the behaviour of wine consumers while dining out in the licensed on-premise sector of foodservice outlets in Australia. It examined the incidence and dynamics of the rather unique situation associated with wine in these outlets, namely the “bring-your-own-bottle of wine” (BYOB) phenomenon. A total of 816 respondents provided information regarding their most recent dining out experience. It was found that the BYOB of wine phenomenon is quite prevalent in Australian licensed on-premise foodservice outlets with 26% of all diners reporting that they had engaged in this the last time they dined out. Females engaged in the BYOB of wine to a greater extent than males and cited the lower cost to them as the main reason. Evidence was also found that the main motivating factor for the BYOB of wine phenomenon among diners was their risk perception levels and that it was therefore employed by consumers mainly as a risk-reduction strategy (RRS). This study showed that the BYOB of wine phenomenon should be added to the knowledge base on generic risk-reduction strategies of the on-premise foodservice sector.     

Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts

This study investigated residents’ perceptions of tourism’s impact on communities. Data were collected via a statewide survey, using social exchange theory; results suggest residents recognize many positive and negative consequences. Those who feel tourism is important for economic development, benefit from it, and are knowledgeable about the greater positive impacts, but do not differ from others with respect to perceptions of tourism’s negative consequences. It is becoming clear that broad-based education and awareness campaigns may be a step toward increased understanding of the industry and, ultimately, greater support of the benefits to a community.     

Second home second view : Host community perceptions

This paper discusses second home owners' perceptions of facilities and services within the community, and moves beyond previous research that addressed primary motivation for location decisions. A total of 513 respondents contributed information on outdoor and indoor recreational activities, tax-supported services, health-care services, environment, crowding, and increases in tourism within a Wisconsin second home community. Findings show that the second home owners may influence the facilities, services, and sociocultural aspects of the community. Second home owners' attitudes and perceptions may be as important in determining community direction as permanent resident perceptions.     

Achieving Top Level Performance from a Multicultural Workforce

ABSTRACT

Today the business environment calls for top level performance. This means employees and managers must be highly motivated. This paper suggests there is one overriding force that forms the foundation upon which other motivational techniques must be built or applied. The foundation is: respect for cultural differences. Other managerial techniques are presented herein, that when built upon this foundation provide for potential employee and managerial success.     

Revisiting importance–performance analysis

As a tool to develop marketing strategies, importance–performance analysis has gained popularity among hospitality and tourism researchers for its simplicity and ease of application. This article revisited several conceptual and methodological issues inherent, but often overlooked, in using the importance–performance analysis framework. The author conducts a critical review of past studies, reanalyzes published data to raise questions, and develops suggestions for future hospitality and tourism research applying importance–performance analysis. The primary goal of this article was to stimulate further discussion and research on the validity and reliability of widely adopted importance–performance analysis.