Strategic corporate social responsibility of high-speed rail in China

This paper investigates the strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a high-speed rail (HSR) firm when competing with an airline firm in a differentiated transportation market and the interactions with government environmental policies in the context of a Cournot–Bertrand comparison. We find that a standard CSR chosen by the government is lower under Cournot than that under Bertrand when both the marginal cost of HSR and product substitutability are low enough, while a voluntary CSR chosen by the HSR operator is always higher under Cournot than that under Bertrand. We also find that the voluntary CSR could be higher or lower than the standard CSR, depending on marginal costs, product substitutability, and competition modes. We then show that when the government imposes an environmental tax together with CSR activities, both the strategic CSR and environmental tax are always lower under Cournot than those under Bertrand. Finally, we show that equilibrium traffic volumes, ticket fares, consumer welfare, and social welfare are independent of competition modes with environmental tax.     

Corporate social responsibility of Dutch companies: Benchmarking, transparency and robustness

This paper develops a method for benchmarking Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Dutch companies. The benchmark includes economic, social and environmental aspects as well as national and international aspects of CSR. The overall benchmark is based on a weighted average of these aspects. The weights are based on the opinions of companies and NGOs. Using different methods of weighting, we find that the ranking for 58 large Dutch companies is very robust.     

Empirical analysis of motives underlying individual contributions to charity

Conclusion The direct benefits motive underlying charitable contributions has been extensively used as the dominant assumption in charity literature. Indded, it is theoretically simpler to assume independent rather than interdependent utility functions. This study does not justify exclusive assumption of direct benefits motive in theoretical or empirical analysis. Both indirect benefits and Kantian motives are implied by this study. While a clear cut dominance of one motive is not indicated in these results (and not surprising due to the cross-section, aggregate state data used), there is little or no support for the direct benefits motive. The existence of indirect and Kantian motives are indicated by the data.Future research into charitable behavior should take note of these findings, either to develop methodologies able to unambiguously discuss the motives, or to incorporate and provide more than simple acknowledgement of indirect benefits and Kantian motives.     

中国企业社会责任测量维度识别与评价——基于因子分析法

在与企业家深度访谈的基础上,文章采用因子分析法开发了一组用于界定中国企业社会责任的测量维度,构成为4种履责动机、5条履责特征以及11款与利益相关者有关的条目等三个大类共20个测量变量。这一结果反映了企业界对承担社会责任的期待和评价标准,为研究人员提供了一个测评企业履行社会责任程度和水平的工具,并基于交通运输行业进行了信度和效度的检验和评价,以保证研究结果对其他行业具有普遍适用性。     

The impact of bequest motives on labor supply and retirement behavior in Japan: A theoretical and empirical analysis

Do individuals who want to leave a bequest work more and retire later than other individuals? Does the reason for wanting to leave a bequest (altruism vs. exchange) matter? In this paper, we conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of the impact of bequest motives on the labor supply and retirement behavior of households in Japan, and to the best of our knowledge, it is virtually the first paper to do so. We conduct an empirical analysis using micro data from a unique survey—the Preference Parameters Study of Osaka University—and show that respondents with an altruistic or strategic/exchange bequest motive work more at the intensive margin than those without any bequest motive but that respondents with a strategic or exchange bequest motive work less at the extensive margin (i.e., retire earlier) than those without any bequest motive. Our findings for the strategic or exchange motive suggest that respondents with such a motive tend to work more than others before they retire so that they can earn more, leave a larger bequest to their children, and elicit more care from them but that they tend to retire earlier than others so that they can start receiving care for themselves and their spouses from their children sooner. Our findings have important policy implications because they imply that inheritance taxes may affect people's labor supply and retirement behavior by influencing the strength of their bequest motives and that these effects may differ by the type of bequest motive.     

Implications of the Joint Provision of CSR Assurance and Financial Audit for Auditors' Assessment of Going-Concern Risk

We examine whether the joint provision of corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance services and financial audit by the same audit firm influences auditors' assessment of going-concern risk. We predict that the provision of CSR assurance and financial audit by the same audit firm creates CSR-related knowledge spillovers from the CSR assurance team to the financial audit engagement team, which helps in the auditor's assessment of going-concern risk. Using more than 28,000 firm-year observations from 55 countries, we document that, relative to audit firms that provide only the financial audit, audit firms that provide both CSR assurance and financial audit for the same client (i) issue more frequent going-concern opinions and have lower Type II going-concern errors, (ii) have clients that book larger environmental and litigation provisions, (iii) report earnings that are more persistent and value-relevant and are less likely to book income-decreasing earnings restatements, and (iv) do not charge higher audit fees or total fees. Our results are important especially because of firms' increasing exposure to CSR risks and the growing number of countries that require assurance of CSR reports.     

CSR in an Asymmetric Duopoly with Environmental Externality

We investigate a linear state differential game describing an asymmetric Cournot duopoly with capacity accumulation á la Ramsey and a negative environmental externality (pollution), in which one of the firms has adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) in its statute, and therefore includes consumer surplus and the environmental effects of production in its objective function. If the market is sufficiently large, the CSR firm sells more, accumulates more capital, and earns higher profits than its profit‐seeking rival.     

跨国公司社会责任研究——基于CSR报告的比较分析

本文对51家著名跨国公司进行了比较分析,基于所得的CSR报告表明,来自不同母国的跨国公司对社会责任的各个方面偏好不同,而公司社会责任的各个方面又相互独立,呈非相关性。在华跨国公司社会责任的表现好坏不尽相同,不能一概而论。这些公司在中国的履责状况取决于公司战略、我国社会责任环境、国内外法律差异等因素。据此,论文对如何全面正确评估跨国公司社会责任提出了看法与建议。     

Corporate Social Responsibility,Firm Value and Corporate Governance Code Revisions: The Asian Evidence*

The present study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value, and the effects of corporate governance code revisions on the relationship. We examine this relationship for: (i) a high‐income country, Japan; (ii) middle‐income countries China, Malaysia and Thailand; and (iii) low‐income countries India and Indonesia. We use the Heckman two‐stage sample selection bias approach for the empirical analysis. We find that Japanese stakeholder CSR and environmental CSR have a smaller positive effect on firm value compared to the middle‐income countries, but we do not find any statistically significant association for the low‐income countries. In addition, we find that only Japanese corporate governance code revisions significantly contribute to the positive relationship between CSR and firm value, which concurs with the new recommendations documented in the revised codes of corporate governance. The present study reveals that foreign major shareholders matter to the value creation of CSR in Japan and the middle‐income countries of China, Malaysia and Thailand.     

企业产权、社会责任与权益资本成本

企业社会责任是否是企业为社会利益而牺牲自身利润的行为一直是学术界争论的焦点,文章尝试从资本市场参与者的角度出发,通过考察我国上市公司的社会责任履行情况对权益资本成本的影响来回答这个问题。研究发现：（1）良好的社会责任表现确实能显著降低企业的权益资本成本,其中改善企业对投资者的责任起到的作用最为突出;（2）与非国有企业相比,目前国有企业的社会责任履行情况更好且权益资本成本更低,但是积极的社会责任行为在非国有样本中更能发挥降低权益资本成本的作用。     

网络嵌入视角下企业社会责任价值创造的作用机理研究

从企业嵌入社会网络的视角探讨企业社会责任价值创造的影响机制，构建网络嵌入能力和企业社会责任水平的系统模型，并利用Vensim Ple软件对该模型进行仿真。结果表明，网络嵌入对企业社会责任价值创造的作用机理遵循“网络嵌入能力-社会资源获取-社会责任驱动力-社会责任价值创造”的路径，且信任水平、网络密度和环境支持力度对企业的资源获取速度和社会责任收益均存在正向影响。     

Mining companies' role in sustainable development: The 'why' and 'how' of corporate social responsibility from a business perspective

This article - the first in a pair of articles on corporate social responsibility (CSR) - provides an overview of mining companies' role in sustainable development, from a business perspective and in the South African context. It argues that companies' social and environmental responsibilities are increasing, due to global changes in the way the role of business is perceived, South African policy developments, as well as a strong 'business case' for companies to actively support sustainable development - beyond philanthropy and impact mitigation. Partnerships between companies, the government and civil society are introduced as a potentially effective and efficient strategy for CSR. They are no panacea, however, and require a commitment to local communities' rights to informed prior consent and authentic participation. CSR hence presents mining companies with significant challenges. Given committed leadership and the right approach, it can entail important opportunities as well. Particular attention will need to be given to potential tensions between the international debate surrounding CSR, on the one hand, and local South African development challenges and companies' responses to them, on the other.     

Parent–child co-residence and bequest motives in China

In this paper, I discuss the actual conditions and the determinants of co-residence between older parents and their children in China, especially the impact of bequest motives on parent–child co-residence, using micro data from the “Survey of Living Preferences and Satisfaction,” conducted at Osaka University. More specifically, I use three subsamples of older respondents (those who live in urban areas, those who live in rural areas, and the pooled sample of both) to analyze the impact of bequest motives and other factors on the probability of parent–child co-residence. The results are as follows: bequest motives are strong in China, with more than 60% of respondents having a bequest motive, and the parent–child co-residence rate is also high (about 60%). Turning to the determinants of parent–child co-residence, children of urban parents are more likely to live with their older parents if their parents have a bequest motive, own their own homes, and live in an area where housing prices are high, a result which is consistent with both the selfish life-cycle and altruism models. Children are more likely to live with their older parents if their parents have a bequest motive in both the rural and combined samples, which implies that children are selfishly motivated and that the selfish life-cycle model applies in China.     

The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility Measures on Investors' Judgments when Integrated in a Financial Report versus Presented in a Separate Report

This study examines the effect on investors' judgments of corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures when integrated with financial information in a single report versus when presented in a separate CSR report. Advocates for integrated reports argue that CSR information will be perceived as more relevant and have a greater impact on users when observed in an integrated report. However, we provide experimental evidence that CSR measures have greater influence on investors' judgments when investors observe the CSR information and financial information depicted in separate reports. We also provide evidence that this greater influence of CSR measures is caused by investors' evaluations taking on a “multidimensional perspective” that includes both a social responsibility and a financial dimension, which is triggered by observing the separate CSR report. Activating a social responsibility dimension elevates the perceived relevance of CSR measures, increasing their influence on investors' judgments. Our study contributes to practice by highlighting a potential unintended consequence of issuing integrated versus separate CSR reports: that investors incorporate CSR information less when it is integrated with financial information versus separately reported.     

家庭经济条件与大学生成就动机的关系

运用问卷调查法对西安五所高校317名和广州中山大学28名大学生的成就动机进行调查,结果表明:(1)西安大学生追求成功的动机有显著的城乡差异,城市学生显著低于农村学生;(2)对经济状况的态度、对学习目的定向、对学习状况的满意度及对教学效果的态度不同的学生之间两种动机有差异,有明确态度的学生的成就动机显著高于持无所谓态度的...     

论公司社会责任的实施困境与国家干预——基于全球化背景对国家规制公司挑战的思考

在经济全球化的进程中,公司自愿实施社会责任面临公司利润最大化的阻碍。公司自愿履行社会责枉实践证明,缺乏有效保障的公司社会责任难以推行：经济全球化影响了各国规制公司及其社会责任的能力,国家的干预仍是公司社会责任有效实施的重要保障。     

What Drives Investor Response to CSR Performance Reports?

Recent research finds that investors' assessments of a stock's fundamental value are influenced by corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance through the affect-as-information heuristic. We extend prior research by examining two boundary conditions for the use of this heuristic: (i) whether the CSR performance relates to activities that are integrated in a firm's core business practices (material CSR issues) or not (immaterial CSR issues), and (ii) whether the CSR performance is positive or negative. Employing an experimental method, we find that the affect-as-information heuristic applies only to immaterial CSR issues but not to material CSR issues, and only to positive but not negative CSR performance. Our findings suggest that investors likely use a heuristic approach to process immaterial and positive CSR issues, and a more deliberate and systematic approach to process material or negative CSR issues. Our study has both practical and theoretical implications.     

农业流通领域合作组织创新的理论分析

本文从需求、内在动机和外部环境三个方面分析了农业流通领域合作组织制度创新的动力,并对农业流通领域合作组织创新的成本和收益进行了比较,最后得出政府适度干预下的诱致型创新应该是我国农业流通领域组织创新的主导模式的结论。     

论农药企业的社会责任

农药企业与其他企业一样必须承担社会责任。本文阐述了企业社会责任的内涵,探讨了农药企业社会责任内容设定的几个原则,从核心层、延伸层和超越层责任三个层面讨论了农药企业社会责任的内容,指出了各层面社会责任的联系与区别。     

企业使命与员工绩效关系探讨

员工在特定的工作关系条件下发挥自己的技能并取得良好的绩效;员工认同的企业使命是促发员工持续提高绩效的主要动力;管理阶层在运用企业使命提高员工绩效过程中要承担相应的职责。