Determinants of long-term growth: New results applying robust estimation and extreme bounds analysis

Two important problems exist in cross-country growth studies: outliers and model uncertainty. Employing Sala-i-Martin’s (1997a,b) data set, we first use robust estimation and analyze to what extent outliers influence OLS regressions. We then use both OLS and robust estimation techniques in applying the Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) to deal with the problem of model uncertainty. We find that the use of robust estimation affects the list of variables that are significant determinants of economic growth. Also the magnitude of the impact of these variables differs sometimes under the various approaches.First version received: March 2003 / Final version received: June 2004We like to thank two referees for their very helpful comments on a previous version of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies.     

中国企业海外并购溢价决策影响因素实证分析

以主并企业为研究对象,结合信息不对称理论、行为金融理论和企业国际化理论等,构建分析框架并实证检验了中国上市公司海外并购溢价决策的影响因素。研究结果显示:信息不对称程度是影响中国上市公司海外并购溢价决策的基本因素,海外并购高溢价在一定程度上属于我国企业\"走出去\"交纳的\"学费\";企业高管的自利与过度自信心理特征会放大并加剧中国上市公司的海外并购溢价程度;高国际化程度能有效抑制中国上市公司的海外并购溢价水平。     

中国股票市场估值研究——局部投资价值凸现与市场整体性结构调整并存

在当前价格下,样本股票未来带给国内投资者的回报率可能不低于成熟市场,如果国内投资者对样本股票所要求的股权风险溢价能与境外投资者对成熟市场所要求的水平相当,那么样本股票无疑已凸现投资价值;如果国内投资者对样本股票所要求的股权风险溢价与境外投资者对中国香港等新兴市场所要求的水平看齐,那么样本股票就可能存在高估的问题;但是如果考虑到A股含权的因素,即使是与中国香港市场比较,样本股票可能已具备较高的投资价值。     

Do financial distress and liquidity crises affect value and size premiums?

This study investigates the impact of liquidity crises on the relationship between stock (value and size) premiums and default risk in the US market. It first examines whether financial distress can explain value and size premiums, and then, subsequently, aims to determine whether liquidity crises increase the risk of value and size premium investment strategies. The study employs a time-varying approach and a sample of US stock returns for the period between January 1982 and March 2011, a period which includes the current liquidity crisis, so as to examine the relationship between default risk, liquidity crises and value and size premiums. The findings indicate that the default premium has explanatory power for value and size premiums, which affect firms with different characteristics. We also find that liquidity crises may actually increase the risks related to size and value premium strategies.     

企业密度、集聚效应与选择效应——以我国纺织业为例

运用空间经济模型,并利用2007年我国纺织业城市层面的截面数据,分析了城市纺织业的企业密度与行业生产率的相互关系,并对该相互关系的实现机制进行了辨别。研究结果显示:城市纺织业企业密度与其行业生产率显著正相关;在纺织企业密集的城市,选择效应表现为通过淘汰生产率低的企业来促进平均生产率的提高;集聚效应在纺织业发展水平不高的城市发挥了正的推动作用,但在纺织业发展水平较高且纺织企业密集的城市发挥的作用不明显。     

On the utility premium of Friedman and Savage

We re-examine the utility premium of Friedman–Savage [Friedman, Milton and Savage, Leonard J., “The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk.” Journal of Political Economy 56, 1948, pp. 279–304.]. This measure is useful in understanding risky choices. For instance its reaction to an increased wealth equates to a precautionary demand for saving. We also analyze its two components.     

Differentiable von Neumann-Morgenstern utility

Summary. Differentiability is a convenient property of von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions which is almost always imposed but has not been translated into behavioral terms. In applications, expected utility is usually maximized subject to a constraint, and the maximization is carried out by differentiating the utility function. This paper presents two sets of necessary and sufficient conditions for a risk averse von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function to be differentiable. The first of them is formulated in terms of the equivalent risk premia of small gambles. It says, in brief, that the equivalent risk premium is of a smaller order of magnitude than the risk itself, as measured by the expectation of the absolute value of the risk. The second set of necessary and sufficient conditions is formulated in terms of the probability premium of small lotteries. It says, essentially, that the probability premium for small binary lotteries goes to zero as the size of the lottery goes to zero. Received: May 11, 1997; revised version: May 14, 1998     

省域全要素生产率地区差异的动态演进

笔者在运用索洛余值法对我国各地区全要素生产率进行估算的基础上,利用非参数的核密度函数法和马尔可夫链法对全要素生产率地区差异的动态演进进行了分析。研究结果表明,我国各地区全要素生产率差异较大,从东部往西部呈现逐渐降低的梯度分布格局;各地区之间全要素生产率的绝对差距在20世纪80年代呈现缩小趋势,而从1990年以后呈现加速扩大趋势;同时,核密度函数分布呈现双峰收敛趋势,进一步表明全要素生产率两极分化现象严重;从马尔可夫链的稳态分布来看,各地区的全要素生产率将继续保持较大差异,短期内难以实现均衡发展。     

基于风险补偿的企业债券定价研究

在有效市场中,企业债券的超额收益是对其所面临的风险可能导致损失的补偿,企业债券的理论价格是表征资金时间价值的无风险收益率和风险溢价的函数。根据市场无风险收益率、违约风险溢价,以及流动性风险溢价所遵循的随机波动方程,并考虑债券的违约回收率,本文构建了基于风险补偿的企业债券理论价格模型,并对2006年第3季度至2010年第1季度中国债券市场中32只企业债券的实际价格和理论价格进行了实证检验。研究发现,绝大多数企业债券的实际价格与理论价格差异不大,但少数中长期债券的实际价格系统性地低于理论价格;公用事业类企业债券的价格对市场信息不够敏感;我国债券市场上存在较多的套利资金。最后从所做的研究中,得出了完善我国债券市场的一些启示。     

Trade,tropical deforestation and policy interventions

Trade interventions are increasingly advocated as a means for controlling timber-related tropical deforestation. This paper analyzes the impact on deforestation of such policy instruments in a dynamic framework. The forest is modelled as a potentially renewable resource, and timber is extracted for purposes of export and domestic consumption. Optimality conditions for a variety of model specifications are derived, and the impacts of changes in the terms of trade and market structure on long-run deforestation are analyzed. The results of this analysis suggest that trade interventions that seek to affect the terms of trade against the export of tropical timber products are in the long run a second-best policy option for influencing the deforestation process.We would like to thank Joanne Burgess for contributing to discussions that resulted in this paper, which were held at the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. We acknowledge the financial support given by the Beijer Institute and the hospitality of its staff, and in particular we are grateful to Prof. Karl-Göran Mäler for inviting us to use the facilities at Beijer and to Charles Perrings, Director of the Biodiversity Programme. Additional support for Edward Barbier's participation in the research was also provided by the International Tropical Timber Organization, under contract no. PCM(XI)/4, Economic Linkages Between the International Trade in Tropical Timber and the Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests. We are grateful to comments provided by two anonymous referees; however, the usual disclaimer applies.     

电子商务在证券经纪业务应用中的优化研究

随着经济、经济、信息全球亿的发展,在证券经纪业务中,证券电子商务平台能为投资者提供国际经济分析、政府政策分析企业经营管理分析、证券板块分析、证券静态动态分析等方面服务;能够以每日国内外经济信息、证券行情、证券代理买卖、投资咨询、服务对象的辅助决策分析等方式为投资者服务,证券电子商务促进证券经纪业务的拓展和延伸,从而增加企业的业务量达到企业利润最大化的目的。