The determinants of cognitive and non-cognitive educational outcomes: empirical evidence in Spain using a Bayesian approach

This article aims to extend the literature about the role played by socio-economic and family background in educational outcomes by comparing the determinants of two different dimensions of educational output: academic achievement and non-cognitive traits. To do this, we explore the information provided by a self-report survey developed specifically for the purpose of this research. This will provide us with an innovative measure of non-cognitive performance based on particular personal traits, such as responsibility, effort, motivation and critical capacity, as well as a common measure of cognitive proficiency. We use a Bayesian approach to estimate the potential influence of multiple individual and family variables on both dimensions of educational output. From our results, we find that, despite some similarities, there are several important divergences with regard to some socio-economic variables that have been traditionally considered to be the most influential determinants of academic achievement which do not appear to have a significant impact on non-cognitive outcomes.     

Determinants and dynamics of migration to OECD countries in a three-dimensional panel framework

This paper investigates the determinants of bilateral immigrant flows to 19 OECD countries between 1998 and 2007 from both advanced and developing origin countries. We pay particular attention to dynamics by including both the lagged migrant flow and the migrant stock to capture partial adjustment and network effects. To correct for the dynamic panel data bias of the fixed effects estimator we use a bootstrap algorithm. Our results indicate that immigrants are primarily attracted by better income opportunities and higher growth rates abroad. Also short-run increases in the host country’s employment rate positively affect migration from both advanced and developing countries. High public services, on the other hand, discourage migration from advanced countries but exert a pull on migration from developing sources, in line with the welfare state hypothesis. Finally, we find evidence for both partial adjustment and the presence of strong network effects. This confirms that both should be considered as crucial elements of the migration model and that a correction for their joint inclusion is required.     

复杂创新阶段性特征及其价值创造机理研究综述

运用CiteSpace软件对国内外技术创新价值创造机理最新研究内容进行聚焦分析,探讨了国内外在技术创新价值创造领域的研究热点和研究特征,论述了复杂创新背景下技术创新理论在研究内容、创新主体、创新模式、关键因素等方面的阶段性特征,探讨了技术创新在价值创造理论发展中的基础性地位,总结了技术创新价值创造机理3条研究路径及其背后的价值基础,可为我国技术创新实践和技术创新价值创造理论提供借鉴。     

中国政策性银行开展资本市场运作的路径选择

中国政策性银行作为中国支持国民经济的特殊职能部门,具有其自身的金融管理体制和经营体制特点,但与国外银行相比,存在诸多缺陷。中国政策性银行可利用扩充资本金规模、增加资金来源渠道和拓展资金运用方式等途径来开展资本市场运作,政策性银行开展资本市场运作应注意风险。     

Financial Decision Making and Cognition in a Family Context

In this paper, we studied the association of cognitive traits and in particular numeracy of both spouses on financial outcomes of the family. We found significant effects, particularly for numeracy for financial and non-financial respondents alike, but much larger effects for the financial decision maker in the family. We also examined who makes these financial decisions in the family and why. Once again, cognitive traits such as numeracy were an important component of that decision with larger effects of numeracy for husbands compared to wives.     

Imports and growth in China

In this paper, we analyze the role played by imports and investment on labor productivity and output in China from 1964 to 2004. In doing so, our analysis focuses on the role of technological progress incorporated into the Chinese economy through capital accumulation and imports, which could be a cause of significant technology transfer from abroad that facilitated industrialization and rapid growth in China. However, as we know that there could be other factors influencing economic development, we have also considered the role played by domestic innovation activities, competitiveness and foreign economic conditions. We focus on examining the short- and long-run effects of the considered variables as well as the direction of their causality. In addition, we investigate the role played by the exchange rate on growth and discuss some policy implications of this effect on the current debate on the appreciation of the Yuan. The empirical results provide evidence that both imports and investment encourage output and labor productivity in the long run, but neither investment causes imports nor imports cause investment. Moreover, we found that during the period considered the real exchange rate influenced output, but not productivity. These findings provide interesting insights on the future Chinese economic policy.     

都市型乡村旅游发展创新研究——以上海市为例

乡村旅游已成为国内外旅游业界、政府和学术界共同关注的焦点话题。作为都市旅游业一个新的增长点和亮点,本文首先对都市型乡村旅游概念进行诠释,并以上海市为例,探讨上海都市型乡村旅游发展及主要问题,基于国内外乡村旅游发展经验的分析与启示,探究上海都市型乡村旅游发展创新途径与措施,对研究我国都市地区的乡村旅游具有借鉴意义和示范作用。     

3D打印颠覆性创新应用及商业模式研究

3D打印鲜明的技术特性和经济特性使之被认为是一项颠覆性创新,与其特性相匹配的应用和商业模式能够帮助发挥其颠覆性作用,带来社会变革。基于颠覆性创新理论,从3D打印目前的应用发展情况入手,讨论了3D打印满足颠覆性创新特征的应用形式,即社会化制造。通过两则企业案例,从价值网视角对社会化制造的商业模式要素构成、内容及关系进行分析,探索其共性之处。最后,根据我国3D打印现状讨论当前存在的不足,为3D打印社会化制造的发展提出对策建议。     

Optimal income tax under the threat of migration by top-income earners

We examine how allowing individuals to emigrate to pay lower taxes changes the optimal nonlinear income tax scheme in a Mirrleesian economy. An individual emigrates if his domestic utility is less than his utility abroad, net of migration costs — utilities and costs both depending on productivity. A simple formula, that complements Saez's formula obtained in closed economy, is derived for the marginal tax rates faced by top-income earners. It depends on the labour elasticity, the tax rate abroad and the migration costs expressed as a fraction of the utility obtained abroad. The Rawlsian marginal tax rates, obtained for the whole population, illustrate a curse of the middle-skilled. Simulations are provided for the French economy.     

Beyond rational behaviour: the non-financial variables that condition shareholder action during a takeover

This article provides experimental evidence that bidder and target shareholders of a takeover announcement exhibit differences in their actions explained by individual traits and by the environment in which investors must decide. These variables should be considered when designing an adequate investor protection policy. Before the crisis, investor protection regulation was based on the rational behaviour hypothesis and characterized by an overreliance on disclosure and financial literacy strategies. However, the new European policy on financial services has acknowledged the lack of adequate protection, and has increased transparency and access to information for investors in MIFID II and MiFIR.     

Making study abroad a reality for all students

One of the most widely discussed and highly agreed upon curricular issues for business and economic programs is the need to integrate international topics into the curriculum. Evidence indicates that little progress has been made in achieving this objective. To ignite the process of internationalizing the curriculum, a departmental study abroad program, based on the experience of Niagara University and Schiller International University, is proposed. Unlike most study abroad models, this approach systematically links the curricula of the host and domestic institutions. Faculty, who on most campuses are largely bystanders in the study abroad process, now assume a central role. This approach makes study abroad a major campus focus and a source of faculty development in international topics.     

Comparing consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for non-GM oil using a contingent valuation approach

A contingent valuation method is used in this paper to compare Chinese and Japanese consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for non-GM vegetable oil. An often ignored issue—the scale factor in a discrete choice model—is explicitly considered, and parameter equality for different data sets is formally tested before reaching a conclusion. Results indicate that in these two countries consumers’ attitude factors and demographic traits have significantly different effects on their purchase intentions, and on average, Japanese consumers are willing to pay a much higher premium for non-GM vegetable oil than Chinese consumers.      

汇率变动、央行票据与冲销成本:2004-2009

在中央银行通过央行票据进行货币冲销的操作中,过高的成本一直被国内外学者认为是央行票据不适宜作为长期冲销工具的重要理由。2004-2009年的中国数据显示,在不考虑汇率因素的情况下,3月期和1年期央行票据冲销操作均表现为盈利;而在考虑汇率变动的情况下,央行票据冲销操作在财务成本的动态变化中盈亏互现。可见,汇率因素对央行票据冲销操作的财务成本产生了重要影响。考虑汇率因素后,尽管冲销操作总体上表现为亏损,但亏损较为有限,所以不能仅从成本角度质疑央行票据冲销操作的可持续性。     

创业特质研究:基于黑暗人格和情绪特质的述评

创业特质研究的由归纳特质内涵发展到创业特质要素在创业活动中的作用,实际上,创业特质涉及诸多内容。随着心理学研究的不断深入,创业特质研究开始出现新的内容,即黑暗人格和情绪特质。在对已有文献总结的基础上,对黑暗人格和情绪特质进行了比较分析,并整合了创业特质新内容的相关研究,指出创业特质具有多面性,不是一成不变的,积极特质与消极特质之间应具备一种极限化思维——度,因而未来研究应呈现出一种更加微观、内容整合和情境化思维演进方向。     

Who gets promoted? Personality factors leading to promotion in highly structured work environments: evidence from a German professional football club

Much of the research on how human capabilities contribute to labour market success focuses on traditional human capital predictors. However, researchers are becoming increasingly aware of the important role of personality traits in determining individual labour market outcomes, both positive and negative. Using data from young professional football players in Germany, this study investigates the relationship between individual personality traits and cognitive abilities on career success. Our results suggest that individuals who score low on the tendency to be principled but high on cognitive processing speed are significantly more likely to enjoy career success through job promotion.     

碳关税对出口贸易影响研究综述

碳关税是近年来国际贸易领域新的热点问题,且该问题的提出使气候问题日趋贸易化、政治化。由于各国基于本国的利益,对碳关税问题的立场有所不同,所以国内外学者对碳关税的研究出发点亦存在着差异。力图通过文献回顾,从碳关税的内涵出发,探讨碳关税在WTO框架下的合法性问题,着重对国内外有关碳关税对出口贸易的影响以及应对策略等研究成果进行了梳理和分析,并在此基础上进一步提出该领域未来的研究方向。     

浅谈国内外生态建筑的发展状况

生态建筑作为建筑界积极迎接可持续发展挑战做出的选择,是建筑界为应对能源危机和生态危机所做出的积极回应。国外对生态建筑的理论研究和实践探索已经历了相当长的时间,取得了丰硕的成果;而生态建筑在我国由于种种原因尚在起步阶段。当前我国生态建筑的研究缺乏广泛的实践,生态建筑研究的经济合理性始终不能解决,生态建筑应当符合地方自然、社会、经济、资源条件等。     

众筹平台对创业融资的影响:前沿研究述评与未来展望

关于众筹平台对创业融资的影响，国内外研究主要集中在同一平台内不同项目之间的特征差异方面，即平台内特征分析，且研究结论并不统一；相较之下，关于不同平台之间的特征差异，即平台间特征，现在才开始受到重视。通过对众筹平台与创业融资前沿研究的系统梳理，一方面针对众筹平台内特征，从资金筹措和资金回报两个层面阐释了影响创业融资成功的关键因素，涉及项目特征、创业者特征、投资者互动等；另一方面，针对众筹平台间特征，从平台类型、平台机制、融资渠道3个层面阐释了影响创业融资成功的关键因素。未来，可以从众筹平台间特征对资金回报的影响、综合平台内和平台间特征对资金筹措的影响、众筹平台动态变化机制等多个角度展开深入研究。     

Gold,liquidity and secured loans in a multistage economy

A multistage economy with durables with finite and with unbounded lives is considered. The importance of the existence of both asset and rental markets is considered. It is shown that without rental markets efficiency may not be achieved and a stationary state that might exist with rental markets need not exist. The meaning of the existence of a 100% backed loan is considered. The roles of gold and land as stores of value and money are considered.Research supported in part by ONR Grant N00014-86-K-0220 and by NSF Grant No. SES-8812051.     

On tariff and quality innovation in a market with discrete preferences

In a market for a quality-differentiated good with heterogeneous set of consumers and a local firm facing competitive imports from abroad, we examine private and social incentives for quality innovation. For differential tariff regime, we show that both the private and social gains increase with the tariff protection for the low-quality segment of the domestic market for any given tariff on high-quality imports. But for some very high costs of innovation, the local firm may not undertake a socially desirable innovation. The pro-competitive effect, on the other hand, ensures that quality-distortion-at-the-bottom occurs only for very high levels of tariffs.