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风险投资家的最优激励契约模型研究--一种基于逆向选择和道德风险条件下的博弈模型分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为减少风险投资融资中风险投资家的逆向选择和道德风险,风险投资者必须设立一套有效的激励机制来让风险投资家选择,从而根据风险投资家选择的结果来甄别其真实能力类型,同时又能激励其努力工作。文章建立了风险投资家能力类型和努力都是不可观测条件下的最优激励契约模型,并根据显示原理,利用最优控制理论求出了最优解进而进行了分析。得出的结论是:最优激励契约能使高能力风险投资家乐于选择具有高强度激励、低固定收入和风险小的项目,同时又能激励其签约后更加努力工作。 相似文献
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We study contracts designed to remunerate a farmer for the production of an ecosystem service with the payment dependent on the results of the farmer’s actions and on weather conditions. Two contracts are proposed: the first takes into account both the results of the farmer’s actions and a weather variable that reflects the actual atmospheric conditions during the life of the contract; the second bases the payment on the results alone incorporating only the average effect of weather. Social welfare is optimal when both the results and the specific atmospheric conditions are taken into account; however, this type of contract may be less acceptable to the farmer due to his perception of the level of risk involved.We thank two referees for valuable comments. 相似文献
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We study the impact of employer's opportunism on wage rigidity in capitalist companies by arguing that the need to fix wages is crucially influenced by the asymmetric distribution of decision-making power and information in favor of the stronger contractual party — the employer, and against the weaker contractual party — employees. The capitalist entrepreneur can make decisions, whose negative consequences are borne by workers in terms of lower wages and more intense work pace. Excessive wage reductions in the face of negative exogenous shocks or too risky investment decisions represent the main instances of such opportunistic behavior. Fixed wages can represent workers' best response to the emerging risk of the employer moral hazard, but this implies a heightened risk of layoffs since wages and employment levels cannot be fixed at the same time. Besides discussing piece rate contracts, profit-sharing and codetermination as counterexamples, we observe worker cooperatives which depart from the presence of contrasting interests and private information in the principal-agent framework. Indeed, several empirical studies have shown greater employment stability and wage flexibility in worker cooperatives vis-à-vis the capitalist firm. 相似文献
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本文研究了数量柔性契约下服务供应链的最优激励机制问题。运用连续工作表现的道德风险模型,构建了服务供应链激励模型,得出最优的激励转移支付,并详细分析了数量柔性契约下供应商需要努力的必要性条件、不同激励程度的机制设计以及不同谈判力要求下的激励机制控制等。研究认为:①在数量柔性契约中,只有特定需求分布的服务供应链才能提供有效的供应商激励机制;②最优激励机制存在一个震荡间断点;③可通过改变参数来调整激励程度并调整成员间的利润分配。 相似文献
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景区经营权转让下旅游资源开发激励约束契约设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
转让景区经营权是目前我国旅游资源开发的主要模式之一。运用委托代理理论,对企业在旅游资源开发中的道德风险问题进行分析,将保护性开发下所获得的旅游收入与地方政府支付给企业的资源补偿相联系,建立景区经营权转让下的旅游资源开发激励契约模型,并提出完善旅游资源开发激励机制的建议。 相似文献
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We consider a non-cooperative multilateral bargaining game and study an action-dependent bargaining protocol, that is, the probability with which a player becomes the proposer in a round of bargaining depends on the identity of the player who previously rejected. An important example is the frequently studied rejector-becomes-proposer protocol. We focus on subgame perfect equilibria in stationary strategies which are shown to exist and to be efficient. Equilibrium proposals do not depend on the probability to propose conditional on the rejection by another player. We consider the limit, as the bargaining friction vanishes. In case no player has a positive probability to propose conditional on his rejection, each player receives his utopia payoff conditional on being recognized. Otherwise, equilibrium proposals of all players converge to a weighted Nash bargaining solution, where the weights are determined by the probability to propose conditional on one's own rejection. 相似文献
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本文利用委托—代理理论,对义务教育学校绩效工资改革中教师行为和地方政府行为分别进行了分析。研究发现,绩效工资的最优设计是,工资函数中包含一个固定支付和一个可变支付,这样可以有效减少教师的道德风险行为;如果地方政府掌握了关于教师绩效方面较多的信息,并且改革的政治成本和管理成本较小时,将有利于绩效工资改革的推行。 相似文献
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Claus-Jochen Haake Thorsten Upmann Papatya Duman 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2023,125(2):403-440
We analyse the two-dimensional Nash bargaining solution (NBS) by deploying the standard labour market negotiations model of McDonald and Solow. We show that the two-dimensional bargaining problem can be decomposed into two one-dimensional problems, such that the two solutions together replicate the solution of the two-dimensional problem if the NBS is applied. The axiom of “independence of irrelevant alternatives” is shown to be crucial for this type of decomposability. This result has significant implications for actual negotiations because it allows for the decomposition of a multi-dimensional bargaining problem into one-dimensional problems – and thus helps to facilitate real-world negotiations. 相似文献
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基于行为金融理论,建立了投资者表现为损失厌恶情形下的开放式基金业绩激励模型,并考察了投资者的损失厌恶偏差对开放式基金业绩激励效率的影响。结果表明:在开放式基金的业绩激励机制下,损失厌恶型投资者在面对失败的投资结果时会低估基金经理的投资管理能力,进而低估投资的期望收益;在一定条件下,与完全理性型投资者相比,损失厌恶型投资者会导致业绩激励效率损失增大。 相似文献
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激励与约束:国有商业银行信贷管理制度分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对于银行而言,其经营中所面临的道德风险不仅来源于借款企业,更重要、更直接的是其信贷人员的“财德行为”问题。我国国有商业银行传统的信贷管理制度未能对信贷人员的代理行为形成有效的约束,从而导致了大量银行坏帐的产生。现有的信贷管理制度又过度强调了对风险的防范,从而又在很大程度上约束了银行的开拓经营和整修宏观经济的平稳快速发展。本文对此运用契约经济理论分析了我国国有商业银行传统及现有信贷管理制度对信贷人员所做的契约安排及其存在的问题,在此基础上尝试性的提出了一种新的制度改进方案。 相似文献
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国有企业人才流失的契约性阻挠与社会福利损失:一种代理理论分析 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
随着我国非国有经济的不断发展壮大 ,人才流失已对许多国有企业运行效率以及长期稳定发展造成严重影响。面对人才市场竞争 ,绝大多数国有企业在人才引进、人事管理以及收入分配等诸多领域都做出了适应性调整和改革。本文在一种委托—代理框架下 ,从契约理论角度考察了国有企业为防止人才流失所普遍实行的薪酬激励契约和阻挠人才流失契约之间的内在联系 ,然后在此基础上研究了阻挠人才流失契约如何影响社会总福利水平 ,并针对围绕国有企业劳动契约缔约过程所安排的正式制度上的某些缺陷 ,提出若干改革建议。 相似文献
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Alexandros Karakostas Axel Sonntag Daniel John Zizzo 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2017,119(4):962-986
We present a simple principal–agent experiment in which the principals are allowed to choose between a revenue‐sharing, a bonus, and a trust contract, to offer to an agent. Our findings suggest that a large majority of experimental subjects choose the revenue‐sharing contract. This choice turns out to be not only the most efficient but also, at the same time, fair. Overall, the distribution of earnings is only mildly skewed towards the principal. We conclude that, under revenue‐sharing contracts, concerns for fairness can be closely associated with the use of monetary incentives. 相似文献
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Jon Strand 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,38(4):527-543
I derive values of marginal changes in a public good for two-person households, measured alternatively by household member i’s willingness to pay (WTP) for the good on behalf of the household, WTP i (H), or by the sum of individual WTP values across family members, WTP(C). Households are assumed to allocate their resources in efficient Nash bargains over private and common household goods. WTP i (H) is then defined by trade-offs between the public good and the household good, and WTP(C) by trade-offs of between the public good and private goods. WTP i (H) is found to be higher (lower) than WTP(C) when member i has a relatively high (low) marginal valuation of the public good, but tends on average to equal WTP(C). As a consequence, individuals tend to represent households correctly on average when questioned about the household’s WTP for a public good, even when they are purely selfish and answer truthfully. Adding all members’ WTP answers on behalf of the household then leads to double counting. Pure and paternalistic altruism (the latter attached to consumption of the public good) move each member’s WTP on behalf of the household closer to the true sum of individual WTP, but only paternalistic altruism raises this sum. 相似文献
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资源短缺与环境约束下,再制造成为生产者承担社会责任、发展循环经济的最佳实现策略。再制造品的新商业化实现依赖于消费者对再制造品的支付意愿。文章从消费者行为的角度,以再制造打印机墨盒为实验样品,实证研究损失厌恶、担保强度对再制造品消费者支付意愿的影响机制,服务于生产者的价格决策。 相似文献
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We consider a job matching model where the relationships between firms and wealth-constrained workers suffer from moral hazard. Specifically, effort on the job is non-contractible so that parties that are matched negotiate a bonus contract. Higher unemployment benefits affect the workers' outside option. The latter is improved for low-skilled workers. Hence they receive a larger share of the surplus, which strengthens their effort incentives and increases productivity. Effects are reversed for high-skilled workers. Moreover, raising benefit payments affects the proportion of successful matches, which induces some firms to exit the economy and causes unemployment to increase. 相似文献
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While willingness to pay is a common concept to measure the benefit gained from a reduction in the probability of loss, it
is still questionable how it is linked to risk aversion and risk elimination behaviors, and how it is affected by the presence
of an exogenous source of risk. By focusing only on risks of small losses, this article sheds light on these three issues
and provides new results on the determinants of the willingness to pay.
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The standard theory of optimal income taxation under uncertainty has been developed under the assumption that individuals maximise expected utility. However, prospect theory has now been established as an alternative model of individual behaviour, with empirical support. This paper explores the theory of optimal income taxation under uncertainty when individuals behave according to the tenets of prospect theory. It is seen that many of the standard results are modified in interesting ways. The first‐order approach for solving the optimisation problem is not valid over the domain of losses, and the marginal tax schedule offers full insurance around the reference consumption level. The implications of non‐welfarist objectives under income uncertainty are also examined. 相似文献