发展城际铁路对交通产业结构优化影响的探讨

在总结城际高速铁路特点的基础上,提出影响交通产业结构优化的因素。结合实例,分析现阶段发展城际高速铁路对交通产业结构优化的影响,提出城际铁路的发展建议。     

B篇：试论我国发展高速铁路的基础

综述我国高速铁路发展及影响研究成果,结合世界高速铁路发展现状,运用运输化理论和铁路现代化理论,探讨我国加快发展高速铁路的深层原因。     

Car ownership and urban development in Chinese cities: A panel data analysis

Growth in car ownership has significant impacts on the use of urban space and management of urban environments, which makes it a topic of increasing interest especially for developing countries such as China. The dynamics of and factors influencing ownership in Chinese cities need careful investigation. Using fixed effects models applied to annual panel data (1994–2012; 293 cities) this study aimed to achieve the following: 1) assess the relationships between car ownership and average annual income per capita, population, built-up area, road area per capita, urban population density, number of taxis and bus passenger volume; 2) examine the variation of these relationships across geographical regions (East, middle, and West China) and city sizes (cities with small, medium, large, and super-large populations). The results showed that car ownership was positively associated with average annual income per capita, built-up area, road area per capita, urban population density, and number of taxis at the national level. All associations, except with the number of taxis, varied significantly across geographical regions. Built-up area, road area per capita, and number of taxis had different associations with car ownership depending on city sizes. The findings improve the understanding of relationships between car ownership and urban environments vis-a-vis variations in income and infrastructure per capita, population density, and transportation alternatives. These results have important policy implications for managing cars and health problems related to cars in China.     

高速铁路路基设计的新特点解析

2010年出版发行的《高速铁路设计规范（试行）》,秉承铁道部坚持原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新的理念,在原有《新建时速300~350km客运专线铁路设计暂行规定》的基础上开展了大量修改和完善工作。通过对具有代表性路基章节编制的技术总结,阐明路基设计标准变迁的工作基础和技术背景,以期为铁路路基工程技术人员更好地理解规范提供参考。     

The spatial and temporal dimensions of the interdependence between the airline industry and the Chinese economy

The airline industry contributes largely to the economic development of a region. At the same time, the fortunes of the industry can also be affected by regional economic change. This paper uses geographically weighted correlation analysis to investigate the spatial heterogeneity and temporal change of this interdependence as seen in China over the years from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the interdependence between the airline industry and provincial economies is non-stationary, generally with a spatial variation along the east-west axis across China's provinces. Further, the temporal change in the interdependence was affected by specific economic changes, such as the global crisis of 2008, when it weakened. Specifically, air passenger activities in the eastern provinces were more sensitive to some economic changes of 2012, while air freight activities in the western and central provinces were more sensitive to the global economic crisis of 2008. The size of urban agglomeration and regional GDP also influence the spatial heterogeneity of this interdependence with weaker links as GDP increases. It is possible that liberalization of the airline industry could enhance the interdependence in advanced regions. Thus, our results provide significant policy implications for a joint focus on the development of the regional economy and the airline industry.     

从高速铁路工程测量标准看铁路工程测量技术的进步

通过对《高速铁路工程测量规范》技术要点的总结,从＂三网合一＂、分级布网、GPS替代导线测量、轨道控制网等方面分析了铁路工程测量技术创新点,阐述了高速铁路工程测量技术体系较传统测量方法的进步,是我国高速铁路工程建设的技术基础和有力支撑。     

关于美国高速铁路规划、铁路公司运营模式和分工合作的考察报告

通过走访美国西北大学交通研究中心、BNSF铁路公司、专业铁路解编组服务公司BeltLine Company、芝加哥城际及城市轨道交通、UPS芝加哥集散中心、世行铁路专家David Burns先生等,对美国高铁规划、铁路公司运营模式、铁路运输企业之间的专业化分工、零售铁路公司发展等进行调研,认为美国铁路发展对我国有重要的借鉴意义。     

Accessibility impact of the present and future high-speed rail network: A case study of Jiangsu Province,China

The large-scale implementation of a high-speed rail (HSR) network is often considered to have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of accessibility. In China, the development of HSR network has progressed rapidly since the first line commenced operation in 2008. As an important component of this network, Jiangsu province proposed an ambitious HSR construction program which planned to cover over 95% of its counties by 2030. Reduced travel time for passengers is one of the most important effects of HSR, and therefore this study aims to analyze the accessibility impact of the evolving HSR network in Jiangsu province from 2010–2030. A layered cost distance method, based on a door-to-door approach, is proposed to evaluate the present and future accessibility at a more detailed geographical level. The results demonstrate that, with the gradual development of the HSR network, accessibility levels across the province will be improved by about 9.6%, and the distribution of the gains will be uneven since the most significant improvements will occur in the more peripheral areas. The inequality in regional accessibility will decrease by an average of 25.7%, which will produce a more homogeneous accessibility landscape. In addition, several policy measures are suggested in order to further enhance the competitiveness of the HSR network in the transport market at a regional level. This extended period of exploratory and detailed analysis is expected to facilitate proactive public policy decisions related to improving the transport network.     

中国高速铁路大跨度桥梁发展与实践

综述中国高速铁路建设中大跨度桥梁的结构型式及相应的主要和典型的工程。反映当代中国高速铁路大跨度桥梁的发展概貌。阐述大跨度桥梁变形控制、刚度标准、施工方法以及新材料的应用情况,为今后类似桥梁的建设提供借鉴。     

沪宁城际铁路站房项目管理的实践与思考

结合沪宁城际站房项目管理实际,分析项目管理特征和难点,通过倡导合作理念、把控合拍节奏、发挥合力优势、强化合成管理等途径和手段,实现沪宁城际站房建设管理的目标。     

成灌高铁IC卡票务系统清分清算探讨

高铁与地铁无障碍换乘模式需要合理有效的清分清算方案配套。在成灌高铁多票种、一卡通、一票通的运营模式下,探讨成灌高铁清分中心的逻辑架构和功能定位,与天府通卡系统、成都市轨道清分中心的业务交互关系,各经营主体的收益清分原则,及成灌高铁与成都地铁具体的清分清算办法。     

“六步六联”,创新高铁外部环境综合治理

加强高铁沿线外部安全环境整治是实现高铁运营安全的一项重要课题.针对上海铁路局管内高铁沿线安全保护区存在的问题,以推进铁路用地规范管理为主导,探索运用实行清理整治的“六步工作法”和实行路地综合治理的“六联工作法”有机结合的“六步六联工作法”,联合地方政府实行高铁沿线安全保护区清理整治和长效管理工作.     

铁路效益发展规律与我国铁路产业发展

针对目前社会和学术界存在的关于我国铁路产业发展态势的各种争论。从铁路效益发展的基本规律入手进行研判。从经济学理论来看,铁路效益存在着二律背反规律、业务增值规律、精益生产规律、技术进步规律、制度创新规律、国家扶持规律等六大规律,认为我国铁路产业处于运输化发展的中期阶段,有着良好的客货运输需求支撑,发展基本面良好。我国铁路需转变经营管理体制机制,大力发展多元化经营业务,提高增值收益。国家需改变交通运输公共政策,加大对铁路产业的必要投入,由铁道部统筹铁路改革与发展方案,推进我国铁路产业稳妥渐进变革。     

Building a bridge between port and city: Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities

Historically, ports have been an important location factor for cities, enabling international trade and investment and facilitating urbanization processes. However, the traditionally strong relationship between ports and port cities has gradually weakened due to the emerging negative externalities of ports. Therefore, port-city municipalities need to better understand the relationship between port activities, urban competitiveness, and the attraction of investment. This paper uses the Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) and related regression models to test this relationship as well as identify the determinants of urban competitiveness. The results show that despite the positive relationship between port and urban networks, port cities currently exhibit no significant advantages over non-port cities in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); in addition, port-city competitiveness depends more on urban characteristics than on port factors. Based on these results, we propose various strategies for port-city developments.     

Impact of international tourism on the Chinese economy

Since 1990, international tourism to China has grown dramatically, as has the rest of the Chinese economy. Its impact on the Chinese economy is estimated for 1997, the last year for which sufficient input–output, social accounting and tourist expenditure data are available when the paper was written. With these data, a so‐called type II input–output model is constructed, which enables to estimate direct, indirect and induced impacts. The results show that 1.64% of gross domestic product, 1.40% of household income and 1.01% of Chinese employment is dependent on international tourism. The differences are explained by the sectoral composition of the tourist expenditures, together with the sectoral differences in capital/labour ratios, labour productivity and backward linkages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial and socio-economic analysis of public transport systems in large cities: A case study for Belo Horizonte,Brazil

The main goal of this article is to evaluate the relationship between the spatial distribution of the population of the city of Belo Horizonte, one of the largest cities in South America, and its public transport network, seeking to ascertain whether the current bus network is able to meet the needs of the population. The methodology was based on data processing and vector information from different sources through spatial analysis tools. As expected, the results revealed a greater concentration of routes and bus stops in the central region of Belo Horizonte, which is the main commercial center of the municipality and its metropolitan region. However, the results suggest evidences of a disadvantage for the population with lower income, especially those living on the periphery. A possible explanation for this disadvantage is the invisibility of these communities due to their high level of irregular occupation. Under the eyes of public transport planning, they are not recognized, and, theoretically, do not generate demand for lines and bus stops     

Re-evaluating the impact of urban form on travel patternsin Europe and North-America

The work by Newman, Kenworthy and colleagues on the link between land use, transportation systems and travel patterns and energy use has been received enthusiastically but also criticised strongly. In this paper concerns are expressed about the role accorded to individual travellers and the wider space-time context of cities in the empirical-analytical work by Kenworthy and colleagues. To investigate the seriousness of these concerns, the data collected by Kenworthy and colleagues for European, Canadian and US cities in 1990 have been augmented with information on housing, urban development history and the sociodemographic situation. Regression models are described in which the role of urban form is investigated while account is taken of other relevant factors. The empirical analysis suggests that the space-time context of cities should be taken into account in aggregate-level comparisons of the relations between urban form and transport. Policy recommendations based on the original data may be reconsidered and tailored to the space-time context and population characteristics of cities.     

Shaping carpool policies under rapid motorization: the case of Chinese cities

Rapid motorization and fuel cost hike over the past few years have made carpool a new mode of travel in Chinese cities. But transportation policy makers have been rather ambivalent, if not indifferent, about carpool. Unlike cities in highly motorized societies, little is known about carpooling behavior in emerging economies such as China. This paper provides an initial discussion of carpooling in China by exploring a series of questions. What are the current practice and issues of carpool in Chinese cities? How do carpools in China compare with those in the motorized Western cities? Can carpools help Chinese cities mitigate the negative impacts of rapid motorization? Are foreign policies such as High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lanes transferable to China? Acknowledging the social benefits of voluntary carpooling, this paper argues: (1) bus lanes may be a better choice than HOV lanes when converting general motor vehicle lanes; (2) policies subsidizing carpoolers cannot be justified on either efficiency or equity grounds because a marginal carpooler is more likely transitioning from a transit user or non-motorized traveler than from a driver. Policy suggestions are proposed to Chinese decision makers.     

Autos,transit and bicycles: Comparing the costs in large Chinese cities

This study compares the full costs of seven passenger modes in the large Chinese cities facing the difficult yet crucial choice among alternative passenger transportation systems. The seven modes are evaluated at varied traffic volumes in hypothetical radial and circumferential commuting corridors. Using detailed estimates of private and social costs, the full cost of each mode is minimized by optimizing infrastructure investment and operation plans. On all corridors and across different scenarios, commuting by one or more forms of bus transit or bicycle costs less than automobile or rail. Nonetheless, in circumferential corridors, rail can be almost as cost-effective as bus under certain conditions, and bicycle can be less cost-effective than bus in some cases. Unlike results from similar studies conducted in the US, automobile commuting does not cost less than bus transportation at low traffic volumes.     

高速铁路对京沪两地间客运市场影响分析

根据有关客运专线运量预测方法,预测北京到上海2012年的客运基线运量,京沪高速铁路建成运营后的转移运量、诱发运量。预测分析表明,京沪高速铁路通车运营后将会产生69．68％的转移运量和30．32％的诱发运量,理论上有可能转移京沪间民航85．77％的趋势客运量。