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1.
Heinz D. Kurz 《European Journal of the History of Economic Thought》2013,20(1):85-119
The paper recalls some of the achievements of Friedrich Benedikt Wilhelm Hermann, a remarkable German economist whose work, once praised by authors such as von Thünen, Menger, Marshall and Schumpeter, has largely fallen into oblivion. The emphasis is on Hermann's contributions to the theory of capital, profits and relative prices. It is argued that Hermann's writing reflect a period of upheaval, both theoretically and socio-economically – a period of transition from classical to marginalist economics and one in which the ‘social question’ became ever more pressing. On the one hand Hermann contributed to the development of the classical theory of value and distribution, and on the other he prepared the ground for the replacement of that theory by marginal productivity theory. 相似文献
2.
集聚经济、公共基础设施与劳动生产率——来自中国城市动态面板数据的证据 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章采用2001-2007年中国城市面板数据实证检验了集聚经济、公共基础设施与城市非农劳动生产率的关系。结果表明:在控制住其他影响因素后,一个地区的就业密度和公共基础设施对其非农劳动生产率都有着显著为正的影响,但在忽略城市公共基础设施的情况下,集聚经济的估计值明显偏高了。 相似文献
3.
运用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法,测算了1998—2007年上海20个制造业行业的全要素生产率指数及其技术效率和技术进步的变化指数;用基于面板数据的计量回归模型对上海市制造业行业全要素生产率的影响因素进行了实证检验。得出以下结论:上海制造业行业全要素生产率的增长主要是由技术进步带来的,技术效率变化指数表现出负增长;外商直接投资对上海制造业企业没有明显的外溢效应,产业集聚对上海制造业行业的全要素生产率增长有显著的促进作用,出口贸易具有显著的阻碍作用,国有产权比重具有显著的反向作用。 相似文献
4.
本文通过五个维度构建了国家层面的经济增长质量指标体系,采用熵值法测算了全球82个国家和地区的经济增长质量指数,并在此基础上实证研究了产业集聚与经济增长质量的关系。研究发现:制造业集聚与服务业集聚水平的提高有助于改善一国的经济增长质量,但两者对经济增长质量的影响渠道有所不同。服务业集聚对经济增长质量的影响在不同类型国家之间存在异质性,即服务业集聚程度的增加能够明显改善非OECD国家和地区的经济增长质量,但对OECD国家和地区的经济增长质量影响不显著。此外,FDI对制造业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系以及对服务业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系,分别具有正向调节效应和负向调节效应,而人力资本水平对制造业集聚和服务业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系均具有正向调节效应。本文的研究结论对于如何制定相关产业政策以推动经济高质量发展具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
中国装备制造业集聚水平与成因的实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘文勇 《经济理论与经济管理》2011,(6):103-112
中国装备制造业中7个行业都具有明显的集聚特征,但存在相对于产值而言的就业和利润集聚程度偏低情况。分区位来看,环渤海、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲及周边地区是中国装备制造业整个行业的主要集聚地区,黄河、长江流域在内陆流经的地区是通用与专用设备制造业的主要集聚地区;东三省在通用设备制造业、交通运输设备制造业方面具有一定的集聚特征。规模经济、垄断性力量、承接国外转移以及国家扶持政策对于装备制造业的集聚成因效果明显。 相似文献
6.
区域协调发展是建设和谐社会中的重大战略问题。文章运用空间经济理论,在包含集聚中心区和外围区的两个子区域的区域系统中,定义了受劳动力要素空间流动和区域集聚状态因子影响的区域福利函数,阐释了区域过度集聚负外部效应对区域总体福利的影响机制,计算了影响阈值,得出适度集聚是区域福利最优条件的结论,提出区域协调发展的关键在于平衡区域集聚条件的政策建议。 相似文献
7.
本文首先从理论上分析了产业集聚、企业规模对TFP增长的影响;其次,运用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法,测算了1998—2007年我国长三角地区两省一市(江苏、浙江、上海)20个制造业行业的全要素生产率增长及其技术效率和技术进步的变化;最后,用面板数据的计量回归模型对长三角两省一市制造业行业全要素生产率的影响因素进行了实证检验。得出以下结论:长三角地区两省一市制造业行业全要素生产率的增长主要是由技术进步带来的,而技术效率变化指数表现出负增长;产业集聚和企业规模对上海、江苏和浙江制造业行业TFP增长的作用显著,且产业集聚的作用大于企业规模的作用。 相似文献
8.
城市群形成的产业机理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文在新经济地理框架下,利用规模经济、范围经济的经济学原理,分析了由聚集经济发展为城市群的内在产业机理,认为产业关联效应、产业聚集效应,产业技术扩散效应、产业转移效应是城市群空间结构演变的内在动力。 相似文献
9.
In this paper we demonstrate that the menu-cost model implies that prices adjust asymmetrically to nominal-demand shocks and that the asymmetry is linked to the elasticity of demand as well as menu costs. These implications are tested using manufacturing and retailing panel data for the OECD countries. The empirical results give some support for the menu-cost model. 相似文献
10.
Arief Anshory Yusuf 《Ecological Economics》2009,68(5):1398-1407
Despite numerous hedonic studies on the value of clean air in developed countries, the lack of similar studies in less developed countries has raised the question as to whether clean air also matters in developing countries' megacities. As an attempt to fill this gap, we apply a hedonic property value analysis, the method commonly used to infer the value of clean air in developed countries, using the combination of data on housing rental prices and their characteristics from the Indonesian Family Life Survey, and data of the ambient level of six different pollutants in Jakarta, Indonesia. The result indicates that, in the cases of lead, total hydro carbon (THC), and SO2, air pollutants have a negative association with property value; i.e., housing rental price. The relationship is at 5% level of significance for lead and 10% level for THC and SO2. This paper estimates that per family value of clean air in Jakarta ranges from US$28 to US$85 per μg/m3. 相似文献
11.
In this rejoinder to de Vivo’s comment on Gehrke and Kurz (2018, ‘Sraffa’s constructive and interpretive work, and Marx.’ Review of Political Economy) we first ask what could possibly be meant by seeking to identify the ‘origins’ of Sraffa’s production equations. We then show that in his comment de Vivo has abandoned his original view, according to which the magnitudes in Sraffa’s ‘first equations’ are to be interpreted in Marxian (labour) value terms, without advising the reader. In addition, we show that his ‘new’ view is not supported by evidence from Sraffa’s papers. De Vivo misconstrues several propositions of Sraffa and misunderstands his ‘reduction method’ by means of which the values of commodities are reduced to some basic product or to labour. The criticisms de Vivo levels at the interpretation advocated by us are without any foundation. 相似文献
12.
Smallholder farmers in Sub‐Saharan Africa often mitigate production risks through cooperative membership: institutionalized arrangements where they pool resources and collectively manage production and marketing chains. Cooperative membership has a significant advantage: it cushions detrimental effects of external forces, placing a premium on a risk‐seeking attitude (experimenting and innovating), which can yield greater accumulation. However, cooperatives are self‐selective institutions: relatively better‐endowed farmers, who are usually less risk‐avoidant than poorer ones (a consequence of their broader material bases), tend to be overrepresented. These two realities complicate the causal assessment of the relationships between risk attitudes, farmers’ socioeconomic status, and cooperative membership that is essential to comprehend the role of cooperatives in local capital accumulation. To help resolve this thorny analytical problem, an experimental study was carried out in eastern Ethiopia—a risky production environment where cooperatives feature prominently and relatively affluent farmers exist alongside poorer ones. It unveils the working of specific path dependences: poorer cooperative members are less risk seeking than nonmembers, but at an interval much less than that observed for affluent farmers. For development policies, this suggests that a greater payoff can be expected from investing in farmers’ material bases than from further improving cooperative membership. 相似文献
13.
浙江的“小狗经济”模式实质就是一种空间聚集型产业群成长模式,本文分析了该模式的成长演进过程以及该模式的特点,并指出其他地区借鉴这一模式时应注意的问题。 相似文献
14.
中国制造业地理集聚的时空演变特征分析:1980-2008 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章分析了中国制造业地理集聚的时空演变特征,结果表明:(1)随着中国市场化改革的推进,制造业地理集聚程度明显提高,制造业已显现出较高的集聚水平,东部地区是制造业的主要集聚区域;(2)经济全球化对中国制造业空间分布产生了重要影响,不同类型制造业地理集聚的特征及时空变化趋势存在明显差异,制造业地区专业化分工格局在中国基本形成;(3)近年来促进产业扩散的离心力作用开始显现,部分制造业呈现由东部地区向其他地区转移的态势。 相似文献
15.
基于Ellison-Glaeser指数和Maurel-Sédillot指数,构建了用于测度中国制造业行业集聚程度的γa指数,将之与EG指数比较。利用γa指数测度两位数制造业行业和三位数制造业行业的集聚程度,并在省级层面阐明了其应用宽度。结果显示:在数据稳定性上,γa指数优于EG指数;除烟草制品业及石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业以外,1998—2013年中国其他制造业行业的集聚程度均呈上升趋势;劳动密集型制造业行业的集聚程度高于资本密集型制造业行业和技术密集型制造业行业;重污染制造业行业的集聚程度先升后降,表明其对环境规制强度的变化更为敏感。 相似文献
16.
Using a long-term time series covering 350 years of house prices along the Herengracht in Amsterdam, we examine whether a fundamental factor or a trend explains house prices and whether their explanatory power is time varying. We find that agents in the housing market switch in their formation of expectations about future changes in house prices between fundamental and momentum strategies. Specifically, we show that agents base their expectations more on fundamentals during economic slowdowns and more on recent trends or momentum during economic booms. 相似文献
17.
Charles Jonscher 《Information Economics and Policy》1983,1(1):13-35
This paper analyzes the role of information resources in the development of the United States economy and especially in the determination of productivity levels. The analysis is based on a formal economic model of the interrelationship between two sectors: an information sector, comprising all labor and capital used to process and handle information, and a production sector, which processes and handles material goods. The purposes of the model are to explain the past growth of the information sector workforce, to identify productivity trends in the sector, and to determine the implications of those trends for future economic performance. The analysis shows that, historically, the rate of efficiency improvement in information handling (essentially white-collar) work has been much slower than in production work. However this pattern is changing rapidly, chiefly as a result of the introduction of new data processing, communication and storage technologies. Our model shows that the expected future level of investment in these information technologies will be sufficient to reverse, by the mid 1980s, the slowdown of economic growth which is currently afflicting industrialized countries. 相似文献
18.
Jianyong Fan 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2007,2(3):346-361
Locally increasing returns is the source of industrial agglomeration, and it improves regional labour productivity and drives
up regional inequality. Using data of 261 cities in 2004 in China, I find that the estimated elasticity of (average) labor
productivity with respect to employment density is about 8.8%, compared with 5% in the USA and 4.5% in the EU. Further, I
find that the difference of agglomeration effects among provinces exists two cases: insignificant difference and significant
difference. However, under the polarization of industrial location, both two cases enlarge the inequality of labor productivity
among provinces, and drive up the divergence of regional income.
Translated from Jingji Yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2006, (11): 72–81 相似文献
19.
Philippe Aghion Johannes Fedderke Peter Howitt Nicola Viegi 《Economics of Transition》2013,21(3):419-450
This paper analyses the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth using a Schumpeterian framework of technological innovation and applies it to sector‐level South African data. The framework examines direct and indirect effects of trade liberalization on productivity growth. Indirect impacts operate through a differential impact of trade liberalization on firms conditional on their distance from the international technological frontier. Results confirm positive direct impacts of trade liberalization. Results confirm also that the greatest positive impact of trade liberalization will be on sectors that are close to the international technological frontier and that experienced a low level of product market competition before liberalization. 相似文献
20.
经济集聚、产业结构与城市土地产出率——基于我国234个地级城市1999-2006年面板数据的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章运用面板数据,实证分析了经济集聚和产业结构等因素对城市土地产出率的影响。研究结果表明,资本密度是影响城市土地产出率最重要的因素,资本对劳动的替代性造成就业密度对城市土地产出率的贡献很小,甚至为负;城市净集聚效应为负和资本劳动比不断攀升,说明城市资本投入是低效率的;扩大城市人口规模、控制城市用地面积、发展先进制造业有利于提高城市土地产出率,经济集聚和产业结构因素对不同规模和不同地区城市土地产出率的影响程度和作用方向具有显著差异。 相似文献