基于DEA模型的上海内河运输供给系统资源配置效率评价

以上海内河运输资源配置效率为研究对象,适当选取了标杆地区和相关指标值,运用DEA模型,比较分析上海和其它地区内河运输发展情况,建立评测模型并且通过excel运算出效率评价结果,旨在促进上海内河运输的发展与建设。     

Selecting Sites for New Facilities Using Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper develops a mathematical programming model for obtaining a best set of sites for planned facilities. The model is concerned with those situations where resource constraints are present. The specific setting for the paper involves the selection of sites for a set of retail outlets, wherein the ratio of aggregate outputs to inputs for the selected set is maximal among all possible sets that could be chosen. At the same time, the model guarantees that the only sets of stores allowable are those for which the available resources are used to the maximum extent possible.     

Using Simulation and Data Envelopment Analysis to Compare Assembly Line Balancing Solutions

This paper presents a technique for comparing the results of different assembly line balancing strategies by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Initially, several heuristics--which can be thought of as assembly line balancing strategies--were used to solve seven line-balancing problems. The resulting line balance solutions provided two pieces of information that were of particular interest: the number of workers needed and the amount of equipment needed. These two items were considered inputs for DEA. The different line balance solutions were then used as layouts for simulated production runs. From the simulation experiments, several output performance measures were obtained which were of particular interest and were used as outputs for DEA. The analysis shows that DEA is effective in suggesting which line balancing heuristics are most promising.     

On the Origins of Data Envelopment Analysis

The concept Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was introduced in the journal literature by the highly influential 1978 paper of Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes. In the subsequent literature the development of research leading up to this paper tended to be forgotten. However, studying this diffusion of ideas may give valuable insights into research issues still unexplored and insight in the research process itself. A natural starting point is Farrell's seminal 1957 paper on concepts of efficiency and their computation. The richness of ideas presented in Farrell is demonstrated by the fact that the developments in the following two decades were based on aspects and ideas there. The origins of the main developments are identified, and the connections to Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes are explored.     

Data Envelopment Analysis with Reverse Inputs and Outputs

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) assumes that inputs and outputs are measured on scales in which larger numerical values correspond to greater consumption of inputs and greater production of outputs. We present a class of DEA problems in which one or more of the inputs or outputs are naturally measured on scales in which higher numerical values represent lower input consumption or lower output production. We refer to such quantities as reverse inputs and reverse outputs. We propose to incorporate reverse inputs and outputs into a DEA model by returning to the basic principles that lead to the DEA model formulation. We compare our method to reverse scoring, the most commonly used approach, and demonstrate the relative advantages of our proposed technique. We use this concept to analyze all 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations during the 1999 regular season to determine their on-field and front office relative efficiencies. Our on-field DEA model employs one output and two symmetrically defined inputs, one to measure offense and one to measure defense. The defensive measure is such that larger values correspond to worse defensive performance, rather than better, and hence is a reverse input. The front office model uses one input. Its outputs, one of which is a reverse output, are the inputs to the on-field model. We discuss the organizational implications of our results.     

同时面向投入和面向产出的一种数据包络分析（DEA）模型

本文应用多目标优化和模糊集合理论建立了一种新的数据包络分析（DEA）模型。应用这种DEA模型可以分析决策单元同时面向投入和面向产出时的相对有效性。     

Lower Bound Restrictions on Intensities in Data Envelopment Analysis

We propose an extension to the basic DEA models that guarantees that if an intensity is positive then it must be at least as large as a pre-defined lower bound. This requirement adds an integer programming constraint known within Operations Research as a Fixed-Charge (FC) type of constraint. Accordingly, we term the new model DEA_FC. The proposed model lies between the DEA models that allow units to be scaled arbitrarily low, and the Free Disposal Hull model that allows no scaling. We analyze 18 datasets from the literature to demonstrate that sufficiently low intensities—those for which the scaled Decision-Making Unit (DMU) has inputs and outputs that lie below the minimum values observed—are pervasive, and that the new model ensures fairer comparisons without sacrificing the required discriminating power. We explain why the low-intensity phenomenon exists. In sharp contrast to standard DEA models we demonstrate via examples that an inefficient DMU may play a pivotal role in determining the technology. We also propose a goal programming model that determines how deviations from the lower bounds affect efficiency, which we term the trade-off between the deviation gap and the efficiency gap.     

应急资源配置中的逆向资源配置研究

从两个角度对逆向资源的配置进行了研究:对使用后的资源按照合适的流程进行回收、改变状态与无害化处理并利用恰当的路径实现再配置;对未使用的在途资源,依据资源一体化配置系统的构造与运行特点,使其以较低的成本融入到原有的一体化配置体系中.从五个方面分析了逆向资源配置对资源配置系统产生的影响,提出了对存在问题的进一步思考.     

Sensitivity and stability of efficiency classifications in Data Envelopment Analysis

A new technique for assessing the sensitivity and stability of efficiency classifications in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is presented. Here developed for the ratio (CCR) model, this technique extends easily to other DEA variants. An organization's input-outut vector serves as the center for a cell within which the organization's classification remains unchanged under perturbations of the data. For the l ₁, l and generalized l norms, the radius of the maximal cell can be computed using linear programming formulations. This radius can be interpreted as a measure of the classification's stability, especially with respect to errors in the data.Abraham Charnes passed away December 19, 1992.     

基于DEA数据包络分析的建筑业企业效率评价

追求高效率是经济活动的重要因素,作为大投入大产出的建筑业生产更应该如此,但如今我国建筑业企业更多的是专注于提高业绩却很少注意到生产资料是否被合理利用。文章将DEA数据包络分析方法及其模型应用到建筑业企业的效率评价中来,为建筑业企业的效率评价提供新的思路。     

高校科研管理绩效评价中数据包络分析模型研究

目前在高校科研管理绩效评价研究中使用了数据包络分析,但现有模型与高校科研现状有一定差距,在学科差异、学校差异和指标选取方面存在一定不足。本研究提议引入加权DEA模型、交互基准群DEA模型、非期望产出DEA模型加以完善。     

On the Role of Weight Restrictions in Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper examines the role that weight restrictions play in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It is argued that the decision to include a factor (input or output) in a DEA model represents an implicit judgement that the factor has a non-trivial weight. It therefore seems perverse to allow DEA to assign a trivial weight to that factor in assessing the efficiency of a unit. There is therefore a strong case for imposing restrictions on factor weights. However, many existing methods of weight restriction are in practice unwieldy. This paper proposes an alternative approach we term contingent weight restriction which is both practical and intellectually consistent with the DEA philosophy. The paper explores the implications of alternative methods of weight restriction using simulated data from a well known production process.     

On Returns to Scale under Weight Restrictions in Data Envelopment Analysis

Weextend the concept of returns to scale in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) to the weight restriction environments. By the additionof weight restrictions, the status of returns to scale, i.e., increasing, constant and decreasing may suffer a change. Wefirst define ``returns to scale' under weight restrictions andpropose a method for identifying the status of returns to scale.Then, it is demonstrated that the region of the most productivescale size (MPSS) will usually be narrowed by this addition.For an inefficient decision making unit (DMU), a simple rulefor determining the status of returns to scale of its projectedDMU will be presented. An empirical study compares the resultsof the proposed method with those of the BCC model and demonstratesthe change in the MPSS for both models.     

应用秩和比法评价江苏省卫生资源配置现状

通过分析江苏省13市卫生资源配置的现状,为卫生资源的合理配置提供依据。运用秩和比法对卫生资源配置的每千人口卫生机构、每千人口医院床位、每千人口卫生人员、每千人口卫生技术人员进行综合评价。评价结果分成四档,一档(少):盐城市和宿迁市;二档:(偏少)淮安市、徐州市、泰州市和连云港市;三档(中):镇江市、常州市、南通市、扬州市;四档(多):苏州市、无锡市和南京市。     

基于DEA的投资基金业绩评估

本文针对传统投资基金业绩评估方法的局限性，提出将数据包络分析（DEA）作为工具，建立一种投资基金业绩评估模型。最后，以沪、深18家上市投资基金为实例，研究它们的相对经营业绩。     

Accounting for Environmental Effects and Statistical Noise in Data Envelopment Analysis

In this paper we propose a new technique for incorporating environmental effects and statistical noise into a producer performance evaluation based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The technique involves a three-stage analysis. In the first stage, DEA is applied to outputs and inputs only, to obtain initial measures of producer performance. In the second stage, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is used to regress first stage performance measures against a set of environmental variables. This provides, for each input or output (depending on the orientation of the first stage DEA model), a three-way decomposition of the variation in performance into a part attributable to environmental effects, a part attributable to managerial inefficiency, and a part attributable to statistical noise. In the third stage, either inputs or outputs (again depending on the orientation of the first stage DEA model) are adjusted to account for the impact of the environmental effects and the statistical noise uncovered in the second stage, and DEA is used to re-evaluate producer performance. Throughout the analysis emphasis is placed on slacks, rather than on radial efficiency scores, as appropriate measures of producer performance. An application to nursing homes is provided to illustrate the power of the three-stage methodology.     

DEA在仓库运作管理中的应用

数据包络分析能对决策单元的有效性进行评价。本文应用数据包络分析的C2R模型,对仓库的运作效率进行研究。选取某部的8个备件仓库为样本,基于C2R模型计算结果,得到一些有价值的仓库运作管理方面的信息。     

我国技术创新的资源配置分析

根据国家统计局对我国技术创新活动各项资源的统计资料,本文从创新主体、科技人员、资本投入和创新成果四个方面分析我国技术创新活动的发展情况,并结合资源配置相关理论,针对我国资源配置提出建议和意见。     

集成化供应链绩效评价的数据包络分析应用

利用数据包络分析（DEA）处理多输入多输出、无需考虑数据量纲影响的非参数统计估计的＂天然＂优势,并利用主成分分析法对参考绩效指标进行筛选,对多条供应链绩效进行横向评价,不但可以区分被评价者绩效水平的优劣,而且还可以得出处于尚未达到最优水平的被考评者应该优化的方向;同时对有效决策单元进行排序,获得所有被测评者绩效水平的总排序,从而体现了该方法在供应链绩效评价当中应用的优越性.