南美低成本航空：有人欢喜有人忧

据哥伦比亚新闻的报道,拉美的航空业正在引进一家＂纵火犯＂,一家低成本航空公司VivaColombia在今年5月底使用A320飞机正式运行,出人意料的是推出出乎意料的低票价,率先燃起了票价战火。该公司的定价几乎突然冲击了整个市场。其管理层在公司成立前夕就明确暗示它要提供2.9万比索（约合16.70美元）的票价。新公司的运行概念基于瑞安航空的模式,在国内航线上提供比现有普遍低30%到40%的定价水平。＂     

航空业的差异化竞争:低成本航空与网络航空的比较研究

经由其清晰定位的市场和运营战略 ,低成本航空模式已对网络航空运营提出挑战。从网络运营模式下的轴辐式运营和非价格竞争转向为点 -点式运营和价格竞争 ,竞争结果揭示 ,低成本航空在满足市场需求和应对经济波动上有强大优势。分析比较两种不同的运营模式 ,讨论其长期影响和对中国的政策涵义。     

亚洲涌动低成本航空潮

《ATW》2010年10月版刊登Geoffrey Thomas的文章,报道亚洲日益高涨的低成本航空潮,文章题目：Asia Rising Low—Cost Tide。现编译如下。     

低成本航空最佳发展途径是平分市场秋色

低成本航空起源于20世纪70年代,并于90年代首度兴起,进入本世纪后,由于金融危机和油价一路走高,低成本航空再次显示了其成本低廉和高效率的优势,由区域飞向国际,并发展到今天能与传统航空公司分庭抗礼,形成了一套独特的低成本航空运输服务体系。对于这样一个发展趋势和速度,一些人甚至认为,低成本航空或许在未来发展中有取代传统航空公司的可能性。然而,如果我们从目前低成本航空在全球航空市场中运营收入仅占有10%的情况看,低成本航空要在传统航空公司主导的市场中成就大气候,并不是一件容易的事情。毕竟市场的需求是复杂的,也是多种多     

捷星航空：中国低成本航空市场海阔天空

本刊讯 全球著名的低成本航空公司捷星航空预测亚洲地区的低成本航空市场在今后数年的增幅将达到20％,这个迅猛势头得益于这个地区的经济蓬勃发展及迅速增长的中产阶级。     

借鉴低成本航空,创新变革商业模式

近年来,低成本航空在国外平均市场份额超过了30%,成为地区短途航线运输的主力军。随着《民航局关于促进低成本航空发展的指导意见》出台,国内低成本的发展热情空前高涨,低成本航空公司也如雨后春笋般纷纷成立。但实际上,低成本航空在国内的发展环境仍然存在诸多限制,发展形势并不明朗。对航空公司来说,当前最重要的不是转型或者成立以低成本为标签的航空公司,而是应该深刻理解和把握低成本航空这种创新商业模式的本质。     

欣欣向荣的捷星航空

可能是来自爱尔兰的CEO Alan Joyce的个人魅力,或许是母公司快达航空必须成功的决心,或许是澳大利亚航空业自由化的结果,不管是什么样的原因,捷星(Jetstar)航空公司正在飞速发展,在2007年6月30日截止的财政年度中公司税前利润达到0.874亿澳元(约合0.742亿美元),和同期相比增长了0.751亿澳元。     

国内低成本航空市场的成长与发展

低成本航空公司是民航运输业的一个新变革,即是一个新兴的运作模式。目前全球有60多家低成本航空公司,共计1200余架飞机,仅欧洲20多家低成本航空公司就运营着500余条航线。欧美国家低成本航空公司的民航市场份额已经超过了20％,而亚洲地区以印度为中心的低成本航空市场,也在快速发展,相比之下,中国低成本航空的发展仍处于初始阶段。     

欧洲低成本航空：变革主旋律

航空公司提供低票价非常容易。想要一直保持低成本的运作模式,则是艰巨的任务。这是Heinz Joachim Schoettes的观点,他是德国低成本航空公司Germanwings的发言人。其他欧洲低成本航空公司（LCC）行业普遍赞同这样的意见。一些低成本航空公司的挑战在于——主要是在由低价格机票决定的市场中想要实现最大化利润,面对激烈的竞争,燃油价格上涨和欧洲主权债务危机等等已证明这是不可能的。     

浅析捷星香港运营后对内地航空市场的影响

最近以来,笔者时常从国内外新闻报道中获知有一家在香港新成立的中外合资的低成本航空公司——捷星香港有限公司(Jetstar Hong Kong)(以下简称"捷星香港")计划将在2013年开飞自香港往返中国内地及部分亚洲地区的航线,其机队规模三年内将达到18架。这或许在未来可为中国乘客带来更多航空旅行的新选择,同时,笔者也认为这些确实对于我国百姓而言是一个利好消息。但是,当换一个角度,即从我国内地航空运输业市场竞争的角度来看,这或许又未必是件利好消息,这是为什么呢?     

Legacy carriers fight back: Pricing and product differentiation in modern airline marketing

The adoption of the low-cost carrier business model has applied competitive pressure on established network or “legacy” carriers, by offering fares at prices that legacy carriers find it difficult to match and still cover their fixed costs. This paper reports how two medium-sized national airlines-Air New Zealand and Air Canada-have coped with the low-cost threat by, in effect, turning their fixed costs into profit centres. Features such as full regional networks, long-haul connections, frequent flyer programs, membership in global alliances, lounges and business class cabins can be bundled into products which can be marketed and sold profitably to business and even some leisure travellers, and which cannot be easily replicated by low-cost carriers. Although not panaceas, the innovations of Air New Zealand and Air Canada to the competition they face in their domestic and trans-border markets demonstrate the possibility of an effective legacy carrier response to the low-cost carrier business model.     

身体与灵魂的“裸奔”

冬去春来,告别了雪季的西藏天天都是阳光灿烂的日子,一切都清晰地呈现在眼前：碧蓝的苍穹、墨绿的草原、肥沃的牧场、连绵的雪山和一个个明镜般闪亮的圣湖。此时,藏族小孩开始光着屁股在草地上肆意地奔跑,而我的灵魂也飘到某个角落,开始自在的“裸奔”……     

铁路资产评估的意义与方法

目前，中国铁路正朝着“网运分离、客货分营”改革方向迈进。铁路企业走向市场，适应中国加入WTO的要求，必须对有形资产和无形资产进行评估，并找出适合于铁路特点的评估方法，正确评估铁路资产价值，方有利于铁路参加市场竞争。     

进化博弈论与经济体制的演进

进化博弈论是博弈论在生物学领域的应用。近年来 ,由于其在解释制度 (包括正式的和非正式的 )均衡与变迁方面的巨大作用而日益受到重视。但这一研究目前在我国尚未开展。本文分析了传统博弈论的局限 ,在此基础上介绍了进化博弈论的主要观点 ,并认为其对我国正在进行的经济体制改革有着极强的借鉴意义。     

货运安保面面观

2011年3月底,一架阿联酋航空公司的全货机从内罗毕飞往阿姆斯特丹,这架B747货机上所装载的104吨鲜切花和其他货物都是无纸化运作的,整个货单处理流程完全是电子化了。阿联酋航空公司负责东非货运业务的经理Khalid AlHinai把这个航班形容成“这是朝完全的电子化环境迈出的重要一步,这将为整个供应链带来显著的运营效率”。     

让海空联运成为航空货运的延伸

一个人的职业生涯中可能经历过多次经济发展周期,但是有关于海空联运的问题已经得到了认可——这种方式可以嵌入制造商的供应链管理中,建立起可持续发展的模式。     

The in-flight shopper

This paper examined how in-flight shoppers differ from non-shoppers in terms of socioeconomic, motivational, and attitudinal characteristics. A telephone survey revealed that in-flight shoppers do not differ from non-shoppers in education and gender. In-flight shoppers, however, are older and earn more money than the average airline passenger. Additionally, in-flight shoppers are more impulsive, more brand conscious, more price conscious, and less risk perceptive than non-shoppers. They are no different from non-shoppers when it comes to convenience and variety-seeking. The in-flight shopper also has a positive attitude towards advertising.     

Watching narratives of travel-as-transformation in The Beach and The Motorcycle Diaries

The attention recently accorded to feature films in tourism studies has been mostly driven by the idea that cinema has the ability to provoke in the viewer a sense of anticipation regarding a given or potential tourist destination. Films, however, also play an important role in shaping our notions of what a tourist experience should be. One of the most common tropes in travel or tourism-related films has been the trope of the journey as a transformative or ‘life-changing experience’. This paper explores the connections between this recurrent trope and the classical narrative film. Broadly consisting of a character-centred narrative in which events are organised by causal logic, moving towards the resolution of an initial problem or crisis, the classical narrative film relies heavily upon the idea of change (the turning point which prepares the way for denouement) and is, therefore, particularly prone to depictions of tourism as a life-changing experience. Despite innovations introduced from the 1960s onwards, most mainstream travel films still follow this narrative scheme. This paper analyses two of these films, The Beach (2000, dir. Danny Boyle) and The Motorcycle Diaries (2004, dir. Walter Salles), which have been widely discussed in relation to tourism, underlining how they support notions of travelling as a source of transformation, sidestepping more banal kinds of experiences. Drawing on a large sample of online film reviews, I argue that viewers are not unaware of this bias, which they often reproduce, comment upon and challenge.     

The impact of Air Service Agreement liberalisation: The case of Nigeria

The positive impact of air transport liberalisation as suggested by economic theories and empirical studies has inspired many developing countries like Nigeria to liberalise some of its Air Service Agreements (ASAs). This paper seeks to examine the extent to which international air service liberalisation has impacted upon Nigeria ten years after it was introduced. The research developed a cross-sectional model with passenger traffic as the dependent variable, while macroeconomic factors (trade and GDP), historical links, distance and ASAs (a proxy for liberalisation) served as independent or predictor variables. The analysis revealed a set of ASA stages in the country's policy-making process (restricted Bilateral Air Service Agreement, Open Skies Agreement and Yamoussoukro Declaration). Further analysis showed that the predictor variables were all significant in explaining passenger demand. The model demonstrated that the liberalisation of market access to the Open Skies Agreement level could stimulate traffic growth by at least 65 percent. The findings can assist in guiding policy and industry stakeholders in future decisions relating to liberalisation and ASAs.     

The representation of travel and identity in Bernardo Bertolucci's The sheltering sky

This study aims to analyse the representation of travel in movies by analysing Bernando Bertolucci's movie [Aldrich, W., Thomas, J. (Producers), & Bertolucci, B. (Director). (1990). The sheltering sky [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Bros]. Filmic travelogues are intended here as illustrations of a process of discovery and transformation of identity from a post-modern perspective. The questioning of the self happens through a journey to a timeless place which managed to preserve a sense of the past. The characters' transformation from tourists to travellers and nomads becomes a kind of pilgrimage in search of authenticity. In this perspective, the desert comes to represent a more general emptiness surrounding and inside the characters. The theories formulated by Bauman, Urry, MacCannell and Wang are central to this analysis, including the subjects of the quest of authenticity, the distinction between travellers and tourists and the files of representation.