低焦油卷烟终端营销策略研究

零售终端营销策略对低焦油卷烟的市场推广及品牌培育具有重要作用。卷烟企业应在售前、售中、售后采取相应措施改善客我关系,抓住终端客户订货、收集销售信息、走访调查以及售后指导的时机推广低焦油卷烟,并对终端客户进行卷烟发展趋势、低焦油卷烟分类及特征、市场营销知识等方面的培训。     

国际合作推动了企业的发展

国际合作推动了企业的发展——徐州卷烟厂参与国际技术交流的经验王玉（江苏省徐州市烟草专卖局）徐州卷烟厂１９９２年开始同日本烟草产业株式会社进行技术交流与合作，共同研制开发具有世界一流水平的低焦油混合型卷烟产品。该产品注册商标为“优奇”牌，投放市场后，受...     

卷烟微信营销研究

通过对目前中国烟草行业卷烟营销的现状进行分析，总结卷烟营销存在的问题，提出新的卷烟营销方式———微信营销，并结合卷烟营销的实际情况，提供卷烟微信营销方案设计与实施对策，为卷烟营销提供实践指导建议。     

卷烟商业企业库存控制研究

烟草行业是在《专卖法》保护下的计划性行业,卷烟商品库存的形成机制较为特殊,造成库存的控制情况比较复杂。本文以Y市烟草商业企业为例,分析了烟草商业卷烟库存形成机制、存在的问题,并提出了相应的发展对策。     

浅论中国一类卷烟品牌竞争力的培育与提升

从培育与提升中国一类卷烟品牌竞争力的基本原则和战略对策的角度探讨了一类卷烟品牌竞争力培育与提升的问题,其中两个角度主要针对市场需求、发展潜力和盈利能力三个方面提出其战略对策,为这一问题的研究提供了一定的理论指导。     

《烟草控制框架公约》与烟草广告

一、《烟草控制框架公约》(FCTC)对卷烟包装的影响 卷烟包装是烟草品牌宣传、烟草广告的重要组成部分。从不同国家的卷烟包装情况看,柬埔寨的卷烟包装几乎没有健康警语。美国市场旅游香烟的正面、背面和两个侧面除了侧面标注5毫克的焦油含量外就没有其他标识。而欧盟对警语就提出了很严格的要求,它除了正面大字号的警语外,还有一些很详细的警语。加拿大的包装上     

卷烟商业企业库存控制研究

烟草行业是在《专卖法》保护下的计划性行业,卷烟商品库存的形成机制较为特殊,造成库存的控制情况比较复杂.本文以Y市烟草商业企业为例,分析了烟草商业卷烟库存形成机制、存在的问题,并提出了相应的发展对策.     

旅游区域卷烟市场监管的博弈分析与制度设计

基于旅游区域卷烟市场的消费特点及目前存在的问题,对卷烟经营户和烟草专卖机构的利益博弈进行理论分析,并在此基础上构建了卷烟经营户和烟草专卖机构之间的博弈模型,在对模型分析的基础上,从加大处罚力度和提高稽查部门的监管效率方面进行机制设计,并提出几项市场监管对策.     

聚焦细支单元提高市场占有率 ——新罗烟草细支烟品牌营销初探

目前卷烟消费呈现出"低焦油、低危害、高香气、高品质"的特征,细支烟正好符合消费者的这一多元化、多样化的需求,细支烟消费群体、潜力群体数量均在持续增长.当前行业卷烟经济运行更加复杂多变的严峻形势下,细支烟培育与行业市场销售潜力挖掘,新的经济增长点相适应,如何要保障提高细支烟及市场需求,提高其市场占有率?文章就当前烟草在品牌培育中出现的瓶颈,结合公司应用细支卷烟培育的实践,谈谈烟草商业如何提高细支烟市场占有率,通过"创建细支单元模式、运用细支单元运作流程,定期开展购烟有礼活动,细分细支单元成员类型,运用细支单元微信组内宣传、着力细支单元旅游营销,落实细支单元的考评激励"一系列的品牌营销活动,传递特色细支服务,充分诠释细支"蓝海",提高细支卷烟市场销量.     

我国中医药企业营销渠道模式研究

目的分析我国主要中医药营销渠道模式现状,提出我国中医药营销渠道模式存在的共性问题,并针对具体问题提出相应解决对策,完善中医药营销渠道相关理论,为我国中医药企业营销渠道模式的改进提供一定的理论支持。方法采用文献综述法和案例分析法,系统地搜集中医药行业以及神威药业、康缘药业、东阿阿胶、北京同仁堂等典型中医药企业的营销渠道模式资料,对其进行了有计划的、周密的、系统的分析。结果我国中医药企业营销渠道模式存在渠道结构不合理,窜货严重,渠道管理水平低,终端建设不完善、管理不力等共性问题。结论建议整合渠道结构,加强窜货管理,科学管理渠道,强化终端市场。     

公共物品非营利组织供给的经济学分析

非营利性组织可以弥补政府和市场在公共物品提供上的不足。文章分析了非营利性组织提供公共物品的必要性，深入探讨了我国非营利组织提供公共物品时存在的主要问题，在此基础上，提出了一些对策和建议，以更好地发挥我国非营利性组织的公共物品提供中的作用。     

电力物资评价方法研究

评标是招投标工作中最关键的环节,目前常用的评价方法是最低评标价法、综合评分法、价值系数法等。电力物资招标评价方法应从评审因素这个特定的评标方法、评审因素系数的合理赋值、规定废标标准、报价要求和投标价格修正方法等完善策略。     

On the deviations from purchasing power parity: the case of the Ringgit effective exchange rate

The paper investigates the extent to which the Ringgit exchange rate converges on its purchasing power parity level in the long run, using the cointegration and variance ratio tests. The results indicate that shifts in the real exchange rate are dominated by permanent stochastic shocks which prevent it from reverting to its PPP base level. Further analysis indicates that low frequency movements in the relative price of tradable goods and the external terms of trade cannot explain the long-run swing in the real exchange rate.     

Imperfect Competition and Growth with Entrepreneurial Risk

Abstract. This paper analyzes an overlapping generations endogenous growth model of occupational choice under risk in a two-sector economy with intermediate and final goods. Agents choose between business ownership in the monopolistically competitive intermediate goods industry or employment as a worker in this sector. Firm-specific profits are stochastic. Occupational choice under risk endogenizes the number of firms and products in the intermediate goods industry. The analysis shows that economic performance and growth both depend on the entrepreneurship rate and are inefficiently low compared with an economy with perfect markets for pooling risks. Monopolistic competition partly offsets the negative income effects from a too low level of entrepreneurial risk-taking.     

Rationally addicted to drinking and smoking?

When modelling demand for addictive consumption goods, the most widely used framework is the rational addiction model proposed by Becker and Murphy. This paper extends the rational addiction model to include two addictive consumption goods, alcohol and cigarettes, and using aggregate annual time series on sales volumes for the period 1955–1999, estimates the aggregate demand for these goods in Sweden, where OLS estimates are compared to GMM estimates allowing for possible endogeneity of lagged and lead consumption. First, the demand for alcohol and cigarettes are estimated as separate equations and it is found that alcohol demand is quite well described by the rational addiction model while the same is not true for cigarettes. The own-price elasticities are negative, and alcohol demand is more elastic than cigarette demand. The cross-price elasticities are also negative, showing that alcohol and cigarettes are complements. Since consumption of alcohol and cigarettes are probably simultaneous decisions, the demand for these goods is estimated as a system of equations and it is found that alcohol demand is still positively affected by lagged and lead consumption while cigarette demand is not. It is also found that the elasticities obtained are now generally smaller compared to when estimating the equations separately.     

Intersectoral Spillovers,Relative Prices and Development Traps

Why is the economic growth rate so low in poor countries? This paper offers an explanation by using a simple two‐sector AK growth model with intersectoral linkages and high relative prices of intermediate goods. Intersectoral linkages lead to two balanced growth paths (BGPs). The high‐growth BGP is a source. The low‐growth BGP is a sink because it has a small final goods sector, small intersectoral spillovers from the final goods sector to the intermediate goods sector, and small marginal products in the intermediate goods sector, yielding high relative prices of intermediate goods. The low‐growth BGP is an attractor and thus development trap. To produce a big push effect, this paper analyzes the first‐best policy and finds that a subsidy to own consumption and a provision of public goods to the final goods sector can internalize the external effect and render the low‐growth BGP infeasible. As a result, there is only the high‐growth BGP.     

Short-term policy in open semi-industrialized economies: The narrow limits of the possible

This paper develops a model to analyze short-term policy alternatives in semi-industrialized countries. The major points raised are the following: (i) There are two sectors, producing traded and non-traded goods. The latter is characterized by a fairly low elasticity of substitution and a high relative labor share. If the elasticity of substitution in the traded goods sector has an econometrically reasonable value, then short-run improvements in both the labor share and real income may well call for revaluation of the exchange rate and an increase in home good's price (prices of both goods being measured in wage units). (ii) If excess supply functions have Walrasian stability, such price changes will lead to deterioration in the balance of payments: On the other hand, devaluation-induced improvement in the balance of payments (with constant government expenditure) can lead to an improvement in real income, but reduces the labor share. (iii) If the economy is formally unstable, due to capitalists and laborers concentrating their expenditure demands respectively on the goods intensive in factor payments to themselves, then balance of payments improvement in a comparative static analysis may entail reductions in both real income and the labor share. (iv) If the additional realistic assumption is made that elasticities of excess supply functions for the two goods with respect to the interest rate are quite low, then in general improvement of all three targets (real income, balance of payments, and income distribution) will be unattainable. If in addition the government cannot finance expenditure changes by anything but money supply changes, then in general only one target variable can be attained. (v) Numerical sensitivity analysis based on Chilean data indicates that these (and other) rather pessimistic results hold for fairly wide ranges of ‘plausible’ parameter values, as long as the model's short-run Keynesian assumptions are maintained.     

Investment-Specific R and D and the Decline in the Relative Price of Capital

The relative price of capital has declined at a rapid rate in the postwar period.This article provides a candidate explanation for this relative price decline—research and development that are embodied in new, more efficient investment goods. The model mimics the secular aspects of the data, and it has the property that the long-run growth rate of consumption is nontrivially determined as a function of the R and D efforts. Because growth is driven by investment in durable goods in the present model, it seems natural to assume that R and D is product-specific and that the firms producing these goods are long-lived profit centers that internalize the dynamic gains from R and D. A result of this assumption is that the growth rate in the decentralized economy is too low: the so-called business stealing effects that may cause the equilibrium growth rate to be too high in other models is internalized here in the form of planned obsolescence.     

A Model of Endogenous Nontradability and its Implications for the Current Account*

This paper studies how nontraded goods limit the ability of a country to finance current account deficits. It uses an intertemporal model of the current account for a small open economy where goods are endogenously nontraded due to explicit trade costs. The economy has an endowment of two goods with differing trade costs, either of which can be traded or nontraded in equilibrium. The model implies that current account deficits impose a cost, in the form of raising the effective interest rate in the country. The findings differ from some recent studies: first, in that the interest rate rises even for countries with modest current account deficits; secondly, the interest rate cost eventually reaches an upper bound as current account deficits grow, and progressively more nontraded goods become traded to service the debt. Panel regression analysis of interest rate and current account data is consistent with our conclusions.     

进出口贸易增长、人民币汇率波动与贸易均衡汇率决定——基于两国模型的理论与政策分析

非市场化商品和劳务、技术进步与人口增长速度差异等因素的存在,使得准确计算人民币均衡汇率面临诸多困难;只有当两国的技术进步增长率与人口增长率之和相等且两国的贸易量为零增长速度时,才会出现零波动幅度的贸易均衡汇率;在两国或者多国构成的国际经济体系中,在一定条件下可能存在贸易汇率波动均衡,但会表现出不同的特征;应根据我国贸易汇率波动均衡特征制订和实施更具灵活性和弹性的贸易政策和汇率政策.