基于再制造视角的创造性拼凑研究

文章梳理了创造性拼凑易型再制造的全生命周期基本流程,剖析了其中的关键环节,对提高创造性拼凑效率,促进绿色循环经济发展具有较强实践意义。     

Entrepreneurial activity in the informal economy: a missing piece of the entrepreneurship jigsaw puzzle

This paper takes stock of the current debate around the informal sector and informal entrepreneurship. Informal entrepreneurship represents a worldwide characteristic of entrepreneurial activity, the main distinguishing feature of which is that it is operating outside the law. Since what is legal can vary considerably between countries, studies of entrepreneurship which exclude informal activity must be considered partial. Moreover, it can be argued that the distinction between formal and informal is not black and white but rather shades of grey. Although informal economic activity is often more prominent in developing countries and transition economies, it is by no means confined to them. There are parts of the UK, for example, where local economies are dependent upon informal employment and for many goods and services. More generally, much of the home-based economic activities, such as cleaning, painting and decorating and other services, are typically provided, at least partially, in the informal sector. As a consequence, it is difficult to argue against including informal activity as part of the study of entrepreneurship, and particularly where the entrepreneurial potential of an economy is being assessed.     

建筑垃圾处理与循环经济

建筑垃圾对环境的影响以及对建筑垃圾的资源化利用已成为亟待研究和解决的问题。循环经济把经济活动组成一个“资源一产品一再生资源”的反馈式流程,从而最大限度地减少经济活动对生态环境的影响。通过对建筑垃圾分类、组成和我国目前在处理方法上存在问题的分析,提出应用循环经济的“3R原则”资源化处理建筑垃圾的对策。     

循环经济下建筑垃圾再生利用技术及适应性研究

随着我国城市建设步伐的不断加快,城市垃圾问题愈发严重,其中建筑垃圾是一个重要的组成部分。因此关于建筑垃圾的再生利用问题也逐渐的发展成我国建筑行业节能环保需要重点注意的一个事项。在本篇文章中我们将在遵循循环经济理论的基础上,针对循环经济下建筑垃圾再生利用技术及适应性问题做出分析与论述。     

Sustainable Retailing – Influencing Consumer Behaviour on Food Waste

The aim of this research was to examine the influence of a UK national retailer on its customers' food waste behaviour. Using six communication channels (in‐store magazine, e‐newsletter, Facebook site, product stickers and in‐store demonstrations), Asda presented standard food waste reduction messages to its customers during two time limited periods in 2014 and 2015. Six national surveys over 21 months tracked customers' self‐reported food waste. Our results showed that the combined communication channels and repeated messages over time had a significant effect on reducing food waste of customers. Surprisingly, customers who said they did not recall seeing the messages also reduced their food waste, showing the wider influence of interventions. Those who saw a food waste reduction message saved an estimated £81 annually from reducing food waste. The main conclusion of this paper is that retailers can influence the pro‐environmental behaviour of customers using conventional communication channels; however, repeat messages are needed in order to have a long‐term impact. © 2017 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

试论我国建筑垃圾的现状及再生利用方法

目前我国建筑垃圾的数量已占到城市垃圾总量的30%-40%,建筑垃圾带来危害如此巨大,已经得到了各界充分重视。就建筑垃圾的产生、现在处理方式、以及合理利用问题,进行简要阐述。     

家电“以旧换新”对废旧家电回收体系的影响

随着科技发展和人们生活水平的提高,我国废旧电子电器数量逐年增加。我国提出家电"以旧换新"的政策,对废旧家电的回收起到了很好的促进作用,有利于废旧家电走上正规回收道路,有利于资源的高效利用等等。但是此系统也存在一些弊端:运行资金由政府投入,缺乏生产商的参与等。建议在有效的市场机制下责任主体由政府向生产者转移。     

我国废旧家电电子产品回收处理机制探讨

我国因人口众多,电子电器产品的实际拥有量非常大,当这些产品被淘汰或换代时,产品废弃的数量同样巨大。如何有效地进行废旧电器电子的资源化回收处理,已经成为当前关系到我国经济、社会和环境可持续发展及我国再生资源回收利用面临的一个新课题。分析了我国废旧家电电子产品回收处理现状及存在问题,提出建立相关的法律、法规、市场机制及出台积极的经济政策,同时利用经济政策和利益驱动刺激回收市场发展,并加大绿色技术投入,使得废旧家电回收利用规模化发展。     

Informal entrepreneurship and institutional theory: explaining the varying degrees of (in)formalization of entrepreneurs in Pakistan

In recent years, scholars adopting institutional theory have explained the tendency of entrepreneurs to operate in the informal sector to be a result of the asymmetry between formal institutions (the codified laws and regulations) and informal institutions (norms, values and codes of conduct). The aim of this article is to further advance this institutional approach by evaluating the varying degrees of informalization of entrepreneurs and then analysing whether lower levels of formalization are associated with higher levels of institutional asymmetry. To do this, a 2012 survey of the varying degrees of informalization of 300 entrepreneurs in Pakistan is reported. The finding is that 62% of entrepreneurs operate wholly informal enterprises, 31% largely informal and 7% largely formal enterprises. None operate wholly formal enterprises. Those displaying lower levels of formalization are shown to be significantly more likely to display higher levels of institutional asymmetry, exhibiting greater concerns about public sector corruption, possessing lower tax morality and being more concerned about high tax rates and the procedural and distributive injustice and unfairness of the authorities. These entrepreneurs tend to be lower-income, younger and less-educated entrepreneurs. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.     

我国餐厨垃圾回收体系的研究现状分析

餐厨垃圾既有污染环境的危害性,又有可利用的资源性,因此为保护环境,实现经济的绿色发展,需要对餐厨垃圾回收体系的建立进行探讨。本文在对相关文献进行综述性研究的基础上,详细描述了我国餐厨垃圾回收体系的理论研究现状,并分析了在实践过程中,我国餐厨垃圾回收体系构建的特点和趋势。     

我国废旧家电逆向物流回收机制探讨

随着人们环境保护意识的增强，逆向物流日益受到重视。文章旨在对我国家电行业逆向物流的运作模式进行初步探讨。首先介绍了逆向物流的定义及其内容；接着探讨了我国开展家电逆向物流的紧迫性及必要性；最后针对目前我国废旧家电市场以“游兵散勇”为主的回收模式，探讨了适合我国实际国情的家电逆向物流回收机制的可行选择。     

家电制造商的废旧家电回收处理模式决策研究

在分析废旧家电回收处理模式的基础上,考虑废旧家电的梯级利用,并假设家电产品需求函数为非线性情况下,建立不同回收模式的成本收益分析模型,计算制造商的最优收益,并进行回收模式决策。     

城市医疗废弃物回收路径优化研究——以成都市金牛区为例

为满足城市医疗废弃物对回收处理时效性的高要求,提高城市医疗废弃物回收效率,构建了以总回收时间最短为优化目标的带有时间窗的车辆路径优化模型(VRPTW)。利用最大最小蚁群算法求解该模型,有效克服了一般蚁群算法容易早熟收敛的缺点,得到最短回收时间以及最优回收车辆数和最优行驶路径。最后,以成都市金牛区医疗废弃物回收为例,验证了模型的有效性。     

基于信息技术的上海城市固体废弃物资源化流程整合

本文将上海市固体废弃物资源化中出现的具体问题予以了概括和整理,经过分析提出了利用信息技术解决固体废弃物资源化的流程整合的构想。     

西咸新区建筑垃圾处理及回收利用研究

我国有大量大型建设项目,并在建筑与装修过程中产生大量固体建筑垃圾。建筑垃圾约占我国城市垃圾总量的40%,许多建筑垃圾被直接运往郊区,在不做任何处理的情况下投放至露天垃圾场,对自然环境直接产生恶劣影响。目前,我国非常重视生态环境,并正在对建筑垃圾处理与回收进行科学研究。论文首先对建筑垃圾处理现状进行分析,之后基于建筑垃圾的合理处理与回收方式,指明有利于西咸新区建筑垃圾处理及利用方式发展的策略。     

微生物分解为主的城市生活垃圾综合处理方法

文章以循环经济理论为指导,综述了目前采用填埋、堆肥、焚烧方法处理城市生活垃圾存在的局限与不足,认为综合处理将是一种合理、科学处理城市生活垃圾的方法。论述了以微生物分解为主的城市生活垃圾综合处理方法的原理、关键技术及一般工艺,从理论层面、技术层面等角度探索了我国城市实现有机垃圾微生物分解处理的途径。     

‘Repeat commercializers,’ the ‘habitual entrepreneurs’ of university–industry technology transfer

Among academic faculty, is there a class of ‘repeat commercializers’ who account for a disproportionate share of commercialized technologies arising from university research? In a survey of 172 engineering, mathematics, and science faculty members from a major Canadian university, we found evidence that a class of repeat commercializers does exist. Further, we found that the 12% of the faculty who are repeat commercializers account for 80% of the commercialized innovations. Interviews with repeat commercializers in the same faculties at the same university suggest that repeat commercializers parallel habitual entrepreneurs in that they have the ability to commercialize (i.e. the ability to generate and identify commercializable inventions and the ability to acquire resources for the commercialization of their inventions) and the aspiration to do so (i.e. commercialization-friendly attitudes). Since repeat commercializers account for such a large percentage of commercialization activity, it is important that programs and policies associated with technology transfer address the needs of this subpopulation of the faculty.