资本下乡的政策取向与法律构想——对广德县、宿州市埇桥区资本下乡情况的调研

建设社会主义新农村,资本的强力支撑至关重要.作者通过对广德县和宿州市埇桥区资本下乡情况调研了解到,随着国家对"三农"工作的重视,大量金融资本、工商资本、民间资本、外来资本等纷纷涉足农业.如何引导资本下乡,更大限度地发挥资本对农业农村经济发展的作用?资本大规模下乡大多是以追逐利润为目的,尽管眼下资本下乡对三农发展没有构成负面影响,但从长远看,一些倾向值得我们关注.本文联系目前我国农业农村的现状,从政策法律层面加以探讨.     

资本下乡的政策取向与法律构想——对广德县、宿州市埇桥区资本下乡情况的调研

建设社会主义新农村,资本的强力支撑至关重要。作者通过对广德县和宿州市蛹桥区资本下乡情况调研了解到,随着国家对“三农”工作的重视,大量金融资本、工商资本、民间资本、外来资本等纷纷涉足农业。如何引导资本下乡,更大限度地发挥资本对农业农村经济发展的作用？资本大规模下乡大多是以追逐利润为日的,尽管眼下资本下乡对三农发展没有构成负面影响,但从长远看,一些倾向值得我们关注。本文联系目前我国农业农村的现状,从政策法律层面加以探讨。     

资本下乡视域下农业经营机制创新研究

资本下乡因资金、管理等优势成为"谁来种地"、"如何种地"困境下地方政府推进农业经营方式转变的重要抓手,土地托管及流转模式是资本下乡投资农业生产的主要渠道。然而,在流转模式下的农业资本式运营中,因为农业生产"两高一低"等特性,各地频现农地非粮化和资本退出。而资本与农户在农业经营"微观"层面实现"统分结合"的土地托管下的"双层经营"模式,实现了农民、农业、资本与国家的共赢,是资本下乡推动农业经营机制创新的有效实践。在该模式的推进中,政府要合理介入,且重点做好服务和农民利益保障工作。     

政府主导下“工商资本下乡”的配置与监管

“十一五”以来,中央出台了多个文件,鼓励工商资本“上山下乡”,参与农村经济建设.但由于政府引导和监管的长期缺位,工商资本下乡在为农村经济发展带来积极影响的同时也带来了潜在的隐患.立足我国工商资本下乡这一现状,本文分析了其对农村经济发展的影响,并着重探讨了在政府监管缺位情况下,工商资本下乡所引发的与民争权,与民争利,后续投资不足,盲目投资等问题,同时针对这些问题提出了乡镇政府应该在工商资本下乡中积极发挥主导作用,在土地流转“三不”前提下,加强对工商资本的合理配置和监管的政策建议.     

工商资本下乡能促进农户增收吗?

工商资本下乡对优化城乡资源要素配置,促进农民共同富裕具有重要意义。本文采用2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS)和浙大卡特—企研中国涉农研究数据库(CCAD)数据,分析工商资本下乡对农户收入的影响及作用机制。研究发现：工商资本下乡有利于提高农户收入水平,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;在收入结构上,工商资本下乡主要提高了农户非农经营性收入和工资性收入,但降低了农业经营性收入;工商资本下乡通过推动农户家庭劳动力从本地务农向本地非农就业转移,提高非农就业率,从而促进总收入增加;工商资本下乡的增收效应对于不同受教育水平和经济状况的农户没有显著差异,这在一定程度上体现了工商资本下乡对农村弱势群体的帮扶作用;涉农第一产业、第二产业和第三产业的工商资本均有利于提高农户收入水平,且增收作用逐渐增强。本研究为推进工商资本下乡、实现农民富裕提供了经验证据。     

工商资本投资农业的风险及其防范

工商资本投资农业,能够弥补农业投入的先天不足,对于形成多元投资格局,推进中国特色农业现代化道路具有重要意义。当前,工商资本投资农业可能带来危及国家粮食安全、损害农户与企业双方利益、影响农业生态文明、冲击农民心理、改变农村基层固有格局等风险,应建立严格的农地租赁准入制度,构建"企业-农户"紧密型利益联结机制,转变地方政府投入、引导资本有序下乡,以"资本支农"为支点,完善"以工促农"的内生机制,构筑解决三农问题的平台。     

社会资本参与城乡基础设施建设营运的机理与对策

社会资本参与城乡基础设施建设营运已经成为一种趋势,依据参与的时间维度可分为短期参与、中期参与、中长期参与和长期参与四个维度,并从不同层面推动产业结构调整和升级、新型城镇化建设、城乡一体化及经济增长。社会资本参与城乡基础设施建设营运会受到基础设施作为公共物品的特性及社会经济环境等多方面因素影响。对此,应重点强化机制创新,建立多方合作关系,实现市场化管理,构建"过程管理机制+成本控制机制+风险预警机制"的三位一体运行机制,鼓励社会资本流向城乡基础设施领域,同时提高其建设和运营效率,保障城乡基础设施建设运营目标的顺利实施。     

工商资本下乡视角下我国农产品地理标志数量变化及其驱动因素

工商资本下乡是促进农村特色产业发展的关键,对全面推进乡村振兴和农业农村现代化具有重要作用。文章在分析2008—2020年我国县域农产品地理标志与工商资本下乡时空演变特征的基础上,运用空间自回归模型,从工商资本下乡视角分析了我国农产品地理标志数量增长变化的影响因素与驱动机制。研究发现：(1)我国农产品地理标志每年新增数量整体上呈现出波动性,具有显著的空间正相关。(2)我国当年在营农业企业数量总体上呈现出以2011年为分界点的“先缓后急”的持续增长趋势,“小集聚、大分散”的空间格局逐步强化。(3)工商资本下乡对农产品地理标志发展具有促进作用,且空间直接和间接效应显著为正。     

“资本下乡”该扮演怎样的“角色”?

中央一号文件鼓励城市资本下乡发展农业,并首提发展"家庭农场",对于"差钱"的三农而言,的确堪称"久旱逢甘露"。不难设想,农业要想获得更多生机与发展机会,乡村要想免于凋敝,农民要想在家门口便获得体面的收入与安适富足的生活,无一不需要在乡村基础设     

社会资本参与乡村振兴和农业农村现代化 ——基于扩展的威廉姆森经济治理分析框架

"十三五"时期,社会资本投入农业农村领域规模持续增大,投资领域逐步拓展,政府和社会资本合作的项目规模显著扩大,形式不断创新,社会资本投入农业农村的组织模式和利益分享机制逐步多样化。但是土地、融资、人才和科技瓶颈是社会资本投入的主要制约因素,部分社会资本参与农业农村投资效率不高,政策支持缺乏系统性和稳定性,政府过度干预加大政策风险,资本下乡监督管理机制严重滞后。基于此,本文建立了一个扩展的威廉姆森经济治理分析框架,对社会资本参与乡村振兴和农业农村现代化的状况、特点与问题做以较为全面的分析。总体上看,在"十四五"时期,应创新乡村振兴与农业农村现代化多元投融资机制,强化顶层设计,细化操作方案,加快健全社会资本下乡的用地、人才和融资保障机制,吸引、培养和保护更多的企业家型人才,健全社会资本政策支持体系,优化社会资本参与的政策环境,健全利益联结风险防范机制,构建和完善农业产权市场,增强投资吸引力。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...