资讯

正会计财政部修订《企业会计准则第37号——金融工具列报》财政部近日修订并发布了《企业会计准则第37号——金融工具列报》。新准则主要增加了金融工具的分类,并补充了金融负债和权益工具、特殊金融工具的区分,指出企业应当根据所发行金融工具的合同条款及其所反映的经济实质而非仅以法律形式,结合金融资产、金融负债和权益工具的定义,在初始确认时将该金融工具或其组成部分分类为金融资产、金融负债或权益工具。并规定符合相应条件时,应当将金融工具进行重分类。新增了金融资产和金融负债的抵销、与金融工具相关的     

金融创新工具对传统会计模式的影响

金融创新工具对传统会计模式的影响陈惠锋一、金融创新工具的产生和发展金融工具是使一个主体（企业）形成金融资产（已确认或未确认），同时使另一个主体（企业）形成金融负债或权益证券（已确认或未确认）的任何合约。据此，金融工具有传统的金融工具与衍生的金融工具之...     

金融负债和权益工具区分对比研究——以优先股和永续债为例

随着市场经济的发展,创新也在金融市场开始探索与应用,其中该如何区分金融负债与权益工具,可谓难倒了很多金融从业人员.而市面上常见的便是优先股和永续债,这二者既同时含有债权属性,同时也包含了权益的部分性质,因此关于二者之间的界限也显得越发模糊.由于将此金融工具计入不同的分类会影响公司的利润,改变公司资产负债率一类的财务指标,对于上市企业影响则更甚.因此,在我国目前这样一个金融创新加快,监督管制加强的大环境下,防止企业虚增利润进而影响投资者,干扰市场,针对金融负债和权益工具的比较与区分就显得愈加重要.同时,这种对比所体现出的会计重要性,对于我们研究人员和监管部门来说,也是一个不小的挑战.     

金融负债与权益工具的划分——以优先股为例

随着监管要求不断明确,包括优先股、永续债等在内的创新金融工具将会不断涌现,丰富金融市场交易品种,拓宽企业投融资渠道,促进实体经济发展。这些新型金融工具的出现,客观上要求在会计处理上予以明确。本文结合财政部最近发布的相关规定以及会计准则的有关要求,以优先股为例,系统梳理了有关合同条款特点,提出区分权益工具和金融负债的具体操作方法。     

金融负债与权益工具的划分——以优先股为例

随着监管要求不断明确,包括优先股、永续债等在内的创新金融工具将会不断涌现,丰富金融市场交易品种,拓宽企业投融资渠道,促进实体经济发展。这些新型金融工具的出现,客观上要求在会计处理上予以明确。本文结合财政部最近发布的相关规定以及会计准则的有关要求,以优先股为例,系统梳理了有关合同条款特点,提出区分权益工具和金融负债的具体操作方法。     

负债的定义及其复合金融工具中负债与权益的划分

随着各种金融工具的发展,传统的负债定义日益不合时宜。同时具有负债和权益双重特征的复合金融工具的大量出现,使得在金融工具中正确区分权益工具和债务工具非常重要。本文分析了负债的传统定义并提出几种可能的定义,并对复合金融工具中负债和权益的划分方法进行了探讨。     

国际

IASB发布金融负债分类和计量规定 日前,国际会汁准则理事会（IASB）发布了对“国际财务报告准则第9号一金融工具》（IFRS9）的增补。本次增补规范了金融负债的分类和计量。IFRS9对金融负债的规定：交易性金融负债和全部负债衍生工具以公允价值计量,     

金融工具会计问题（下）

三、金融工具会计研究的几个主要问题 １．金融工具会计的研究对象。 金融工具，是指形成一个企业金融资产并形成另一个企业金融负债或权益性工具的合同。这里所说的金融资产，包括：（１）现金；（２）从另一个企业收取现金或另一金融资产的合同权力；（３）在潜在有利的条件下与另一个企业交换金融工具的合同权力；（４）另一个企业的权益性工具。 这里所说的金融负债，指属于下列某项合同义务的负债：（１）向另一个企业交付现金或另一金融资产的合同义务；（２）在潜在不利条件下与另一个企业交换金融工具的合同义务。 美国的ＦＡＳＢ将…     

“新”IFRS9对金融资产和金融负债分类与计量的变革及应对

IASB于2014年7月24日对外发布了完整版的《IFRS9．金融工具》,包括分类和计量、减值和一般套期会计等内容;该完整版金融工具准则系在IFRS9（2009）和IFRS9（2010）基础上修改完成,自2018年1月1日起生效。“新”IFRS9的正式发布,积极地回应了国际金融危机引发的各界对《IAS39金融工具：确认和计量》的质疑,同时也标志着IASB替代IAS39的项目趋于结束。无论是IFRS9还是IAS39,金融资产和金融负债的分类与计量原则均在其中占据基础地位,对其他金融工具会计原则的确立及企业财务报告有深远影响。本文拟围绕“新”IFRS9对金融资产和金融负债分类与计量原则的变迁进行讨论,并就我国如何应对提出了初步建议。     

浅析衍生金融工具会计处理

近年来,在国际金融市场大规模的创新浪潮中,具有保值和规避风险功能的衍生金融工具应运而生,随着经济全球化发展,投资的自由化、便利化程度愈高,使得衍生金融工具在我国迅速发展,交易量不断增加,势必要求会计对其带来的经济业务进行连续、系统、综合地反映与监督,本文将结合衍生金融工具的特点,对衍生金融工具会计处理做一探析。一、衍生金融工具的会计确认衍生金融工具的概念,国际会计准则第39号《金融工具:确认和计量》中定义为:是指能引起一个企业产生一项金融资产,以及能引起一个企业产生一项金融负债或权益工具的合约。根据美国会计准…     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.