地方创新系统构建的必要性及地方政府的作用

在全球化的过程中 ,地区形象超越了国界 ,也跨越了大企业 ,新的国际竞争力主要不是以国家为依据 ,而是以地方竞争来表现。因此 ,需要建立地方创新系统。同时 ,它也是国家创新系统的基础和创新网络的终点。地方政府具有市场经济条件下竞争主体的特征 ,地方政府在地方创新系统中只能扮演着准创新主体的角色 ,应该发挥其积极的作用 ,限制其消极的一面。     

An examination of the dynamic behaviour of local governments using GMM bootstrapping methods

Even though recent Monte Carlo evidence has shown that the use of bootstrap critical values, instead of asymptotic ones, improves the size of the tests substantially, empirical applications using GMM bootstrap techniques are largely missing. In this paper, the dynamic relationship between local government revenues and expenditures is re‐investigated using GMM bootstrapping techniques on a panel of 265 Swedish municipalities over the period 1979–1987. A lag of one year is found in the expenditures equation, while no dynamics is found in the own‐source revenues and grants equations. These results, while contrasting sharply with those obtained when asymptotic critical values are used, are well in line with the theoretical explanations given in the literature for dynamic behaviour in the local public sector. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PPP模式下地方政府隐性债务规避机制研究

PPP模式的工具性特征使其具备政府债务治理功能,但在其运作过程中可能产生新的地方政府隐性债务。结合文献研究、政策法规梳理和专家访谈,对PPP模式下地方政府隐性债务的边界、认定标准进行明确界定,从项目合规性、融资机制、回报机制、运营机制、地方政府行为动机以及融资平台转型等多维视角分析PPP模式下地方政府隐性债务的独特形成机理,建议针对PPP模式加强规范化管理、巩固债务治理功能、促进提质增效、强化绩效管理、优化风险共担机制、完善会计核算与信息披露制度等隐性债务规避机制。     

A centralized directional distance model for efficient and horizontally equitable grants allocation to local governments

This paper proposes a directional distance model for efficient resource allocation when there is a centralized decision maker who oversees all units. The model is designed to allocate grants from an upper-tier government to the municipalities under its jurisdiction. Local governments employ the grants together with levied local taxes to provide services to their citizens. The objective of our formulation is to optimize grants allocation across municipalities taking into account efficiency, effectiveness and horizontal fiscal equity criteria. The model easily allows the setting of alternative priorities of the central decision maker, thus permitting quantification of the trade-off between the potential increase in the provision of local services and its associated cost. The model is applied to the allocation of current grants in the autonomous community of Navarre in northern Spain.     

Entrepreneurship in the public sector: a framework of analysis in European local governments

In this paper we explore the potential role of entrepreneurship in public sector organizations. At first, we present a review of the entrepreneurship theme in the political science and public management research streams, comparing these ideas with the mainstream business literature on entrepreneurship. Thereafter, we illustrate empirically how Stevenson's classical framework of entrepreneurship can be applied in a European local government context to explain the recent initiatives to compete for and utilize European Union structural funds. The empirical basis of the study is comprised of ten in-depth case studies of local government organizations, five in the UK and five in Italy. Finally, we propose five distinct types of entrepreneurial agents in the public sector: professional politician; spin-off creator; business entrepreneur in politics; career-driven public officer; and politically ambitious public officer.     

A simple dynamic decentralized leadership model with private savings and local borrowing regulation

This paper considers a simple dynamic decentralized leadership model with local borrowing and regional productivity-enhancing investment. In this model, the central government is benevolent but cannot commit to ex post intergovernmental transfer policies, while local governments act strategically after accounting for the ex post motives of the central government. We then investigate inefficiency in the subgame perfect equilibrium. We analyze the effect of central control on local borrowing and show that central control is of no benefit because ex ante local taxation works to offset it. We find the model yields different policy implications that central control is effective when extended to the case of residential mobility.     

都会区发展之地方政府合作策略探讨

都会区内之地方政府,在行政体制上不相互隶属,然而社会经济发展与实质建设关系却至为密切,故都会区之各项建设,如土地利用、大众运输、环境经营管理等都会区的共同性课题,均无法在单一法定行政组织内达成总体建设目标,因而透过区域合作、县市间资源整合以成长管理解决共同问题乃势之所趋.文章总结了先进国家都会合作之重要案例与台湾高高屏(高雄县、市、屏东县)跨域合作经验,探讨促进台湾地区都会区之健康发展前提下,县市府际合作之可能机制.     

Electronic monitoring in public organizations: evidence from US local governments

Technology use in the workplace expands the ability to monitor employees through activities such as website tracking, email scanning, and social media monitoring. Monitoring is a fundamental aspect of the relationship between organizations, employees, and stakeholders and can affect perceptions of privacy, autonomy, and trust in the workplace. However, electronic monitoring is little investigated in public management research and we have minimal knowledge about the factors that prompt public managers to adopt electronic monitoring. Focusing on small- and medium-sized US municipalities, we investigate types of electronic monitoring and how organizational, sociopolitical, and technological factors shape electronic monitoring intensity. We test our hypotheses with data from a 2014 national survey of 2,500 local managers, website coding data, and US Census data. We find that electronic monitoring, especially monitoring online activities, is a response to organizational centralization, participation of internal stakeholders, social media use, and technology concerns.     

A decision analysis model for smart mobility system development under circular economy approach

Circular economy (CE) is recognized as one of the most popular theories of the decade. Its domain spreads to disciplines like production, environmental sciences, and transport/mobility sectors. This research corresponds to one of the essential questions in CE which look for effective solutions in smart mobility systems regarding eco-innovation indicators. We conducted a deep survey on CE and smart mobility literature and sorted out potential solutions (alternatives) and fundamental indicators based on the Quintuple Helix model. Then, a rough-based multiple criteria decision analysis model was adopted by the incorporation of LMAW (logarithm methodology of additive weights) and MARCOS (measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution) methods. To analyse the potential solutions, ten experts from relevant sectors assisted us in composing an assessment platform through qualitative comparison. Initial results showed that public transport (good practices) and shared mobility services are amongst the best solutions for establishing a smart mobility plan. Our decision-making model was tested and showed that our ranking scores are highly confidential and stable. The outcome of this study can be benchmarked in urban planning, where policymakers should rethink the transport and mobility sectors, structuring, development, and economic remodelling which are top decision-making problems nowadays.     

地方政府土地出让目标取向研究

目前我国地方政府在土地出让中,以土地收益极大化和招商引资作为双元目标取向,对地方财政、土地资源配置和社会稳定等造成不利影响.借鉴国际经验以及按照政府的双重身份和科学发展观的要求,地方政府土地出让的目标应为促进城市土地合理利用和适度土地收益,应采取相应政策措施消除地方政府土地出让目标扭曲的客观基础,促进土地出让目标和行为的合理化.     

企业债务风险防范中的地方政府角色定位

针对企业债务风险,政府应本着以预防为主,以结构性去杠杆为思路,以市场化方式分步骤、有计划地加以防范和化解。应建立地方规模以上工业企业债务动态监测机制,以债务重组的方式化解企业债务困境,以创新发展提升企业盈利能力,通过市场化方式解决部分僵尸企业债务风险,适当释放无法处置的企业债务,让僵尸企业尽快退出市场,给新经济发展腾挪空间和资源,构建多层次资本市场体系,创新资本市场服务模式,拓宽企业融资渠道,加强企业债务风险防范的法治建设。     

Charging for public services: the case of utilities in Norwegian local governments

This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of utility charges using a panel data set for a sample of Norwegian local governments. There is strong evidence of revenue substitution in the sense that local governments increase their utility charges when other sources of revenue (lump-sum grants and regulated tax revenue) become more restricted. Moreover, local political institutions are shown to be important: a high share of socialist representatives in the local council leads to high utility charges, whereas a strong political leadership is able to keep utility charges low.     

论地方政府行为效用导致的区域产业政策趋同

在区域经济的发展过程中,地方政府之间日益激烈的竞争必然会造成区域之间的产业政策趋同。这对于区域经济的协调发展和长远发展极为不利。应当通过提高中央政府的宏观调控水平,强化地方政府的责、权、利边界,引导地方政府在区域产业政策中体现差异性。     

A model of dynamic tail dependence between crude oil prices and exchange rates

We explore the tail dependence between crude oil prices and exchange rates via a dynamic quantile association regression model based on the flexible Fourier form. This method allows us to describe the quantile dependence between conditional distributions of assets. We first perform simulation exercises to gauge the estimation precision of our model. We then undertake empirical analyses to examine the dynamic relation between crude oil and nine exchange rates. We reveal a mildly symmetric tail dependence between these two assets but it increases sharply during the Great Recession of 2008. Further robustness check substantiates the baseline results.     

A dynamic model of housing production

This paper derives the optimal development strategy for a housing producer with perfect foresight in a steady-state environment where dwellings deteriorate as they age. Under the assumption of zero demolition costs, the optimal strategy is an infinite sequence of identical buildings. Building abandonment is shown to be possible with positive demolition costs. A solution highlighting the model's spatial properties is computed using Cobb-Douglas functions.     

A dynamic model of training transfer

We expand our understanding of the training transfer process by developing the Dynamic Transfer Model (DTM). We develop and examine linkages between intentions to transfer, the initial attempts to utilize training, and the integration of feedback received from the transfer attempt. We propose that this process repeats itself over time in subsequent transfer attempts to impact work behavior and performance. Implications for transfer criteria, the dynamic interaction between the trainee and context, and the personalization of transfer are discussed. Based on the DTM, we suggest future research directions that can enrich our understanding of transfer as well as derive practical implications for improving training effectiveness.     

The impact of fiscal centralization policies on education expenditure among Chinese local governments

Quality & Quantity - In 1994, the education policy goal for the Chinese government was that the education expenditure as a share of GDP should be at least 4% of GDP. However, this educational...     

Short-run labor productivity in a dynamic model

A classic empirical finding is that the short-run output elasticity of demand is smaller than unity and is less than in the long run. This phenomenon is called ‘short-run increasing returns to labor’ (SRIRL). In this paper we analyze SRIRL using a dynamic factor demand model for variable and quasi-fixed inputs, where the latter incur increasing marginal internal adjustment costs. Speeds of adjustment of quasi-fixed inputs are endogenous and variable, not constant parameters. Labor hoarding is shown to be neither necessary nor sufficient for SRIRL. These results are illustrated empirically using annual U.S. manufacturing data, 1952-71.