副溶血性弧菌REP-PCR分型研究

[目的]了解食品中分离的副溶血性弧菌REP-PCR分子型别,探讨DiversiLab系统对副溶血性弧菌的分型能力。[方法]采用以REP-PCR为原理的DiversiLab系统对食品中分离的21株副溶血性弧菌进行分子分型,分析菌株之间的相关性,并与PFGE分型结果比较。[结果]DiversiLab将21株副溶血性弧菌分成16个群,菌株之间的相似度64.5%-99.1%,分离自相同食品中的副溶血性弧菌在REP-PCR聚类图中分在同一个群;7株副溶血性弧菌PFGE分型结果产生7种不同的PFGE型别,菌株之间不相关,在REP-PCR聚类图中分在7个不同的群中。[结论]食品中分离的副溶血性弧菌REP-PCR型别分散,未表现出地区特异性;DiversiLab简便、快速、分辨率高,可应用于副溶血性弧菌的快速分型和溯源。     

食品源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药基因的检测

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起食物中毒事件主要致病菌之一。本实验采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对103株食品源金黄色葡萄球菌进行甲氧西林类基因、氯霉素类基因、红霉素类基因、四环素类基因、喹诺酮类基因和内酰胺酶类基因检测。结果显示103株金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中6种耐药基因检出率分别为mec69.9%、chl80.6%、erm95.1%、tet87.4%、nor84.5%和bla18.4%。本实验表明多株金黄色葡萄球菌具有耐药特征,存在耐甲氧西林类、氯霉素类、红霉素类、四环素类、喹诺酮类、内酰胺酶类多种抗生素耐药基因。     

动物源性食品中志贺氏菌的分离与鉴定

本文对某注册进出口食品企业进行了为期6个月的动物源性食品原料志贺氏菌检测,样品包含5个品种共计180份,结果分离到1株可疑志贺氏菌,检出率为0.56%。经分离培养,革兰氏染色形态学观察,生化试验和血清学试验鉴定为福氏志贺氏菌,血清型为3a型。然后分析它们被污染的可能原因,并提出相应控制措施,为出口企业提产品品质、生产优质食品提供参考依据,确保出口食品的质量安全。     

进口乳制品中阪崎杆菌的耐药性分析

本文对从进口乳制品中分离到的3株阪崎杆菌和2株阪崎杆菌标准株进行了药敏试验,实验结果显示该细菌对头孢类、青霉素类、氨基糖甙类、单环β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素均敏感,与国外报道相一致,说明该细菌在肠杆菌科细菌里属耐药性不显著的细菌。     

沙门氏菌检测能力验证结果分析

本实验室参加了NIFDC-PT-135巧克力中沙门氏菌检验能力验证,检验方法如下,按照作业指导书要求及GB4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》中的方法,将3份巧克力样品进行沙门氏菌的分离、生化实验和血清分型。运用全自动荧光免疫分析系统进行初步筛查,全自动微生物生化鉴定系统对疑似菌株进行鉴定。结果显示,编号CODE0375检出肠道沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种,编号CODE0770、CODE0766均检出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。本实验顺利完成,与考核方结果一致,获得满意结果。最后得出结论,参加能力验证能够提高检验机构的检验水平,亦可增加检验机构检验结果的可靠性,是检验机构内部质量控制的有效方式。     

能源产业技术溢出的测度研究

产业间技术溢出的测度一般都是用的间接R＆D投入，但是对权重的选择都有不同的理解。由于产业间的技术溢出更多地发生在投入结构相似的或生产技术相似的产业之间，所以本文用直接消耗系数所构成的投入结构向量余弦值来描述的相似度作为权数。具体做法是首先利用2010年的投入产出表计算出相似度矩阵，然后利用多维标度法描绘出技术相近的产业聚类情况，对能源产业技术溢出的测度问题进行研究。     

资讯

我国6月起调整部分商品进出口关税税率财政部、国家税务总局再度对“两高一资”行业发力,从6月起对钢铁产品等142项商品加征出口关税,并对煤炭和燃料油等209项进口商品实施较低的暂定税率。另外,对部分涉及百姓生活的日用品实施较低的进口暂定税率,主要包括婴儿食品、厨房炊具、餐具、食品加工机、视力矫正镜片、建筑材料、装饰用陶瓷、家用电器等,其进口暂定税率为6%～17%。家电产品是其中的一大类,抽油烟机、空调、洗衣机等常用大件家电的进口关税税率调低至6%;咖啡机、电动剃须刀等商品的关税降幅更是达到或超过50%。     

应用气相色谱质谱联用分析一株来自腐乳的毛霉脂肪酸组成

本文从腐乳中分离得到了一株毛霉,并应用气相色谱质谱联用对该菌株的脂肪酸组成进行了分析。实验结果表明,该株菌细胞脂肪酸组成主要为油酸、软脂酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸。本文的研究结果对腐乳生产用菌的深入研究具有重要的意义。     

结合词性的短文本相似度算法及其在文本分类中的应用

针对基于语义的短文本相似度计算方法在短文本分类中准确率较低这一问题，提出了结合词性的短文本相似度算法(GCSSA)。该方法在基于hownet(“知网”)语义的短文本相似度计算方法的基础上，结合类别特征词并添加关键词词性分析，对类别特征词和其他关键词的词性信息给定不同关键词以不同的权值系数，以此区别各种贡献度词项在短文本相似度计算中的重要程度。实验表明，该算法进行文本相似度计算后应用于短文本分类中较基于hownet的短文本分类算法在准确率宏平均和微平均上提升4%左右，有效提高了短文本分类的准确性。     

针对hly基因快速筛检食品中霍乱弧菌实时荧光PCR方法的研究

[目的]研制一种供基层疾病控制和口岸检疫单位日常疫情监测使用的对水产品、食品、外环境水中的O1群、O139群和非O1群、非O139群霍乱弧菌都可进行筛检的实时荧光PCR快速检测方法及其通用试剂体系.以早期进行流行株的鉴定,分析外环境疫情变化.[方法]针对霍乱弧菌溶血素基因(hly)设计引物和探针,取标准O1、O139、非O1非O139群霍乱菌种各10株,其他肠道菌种21株同时做荧光PCR测试其特异性;用标准菌株系列稀释敏感度测试、实际样品稀释染菌敏感度测试、实际样品不经增菌直接检测低限实验、实际样品经过夜培养增菌检测低限实验等测试其敏感性;通过日常实际样品对方法的应用和实验室间验证考察其符合性.[结果]实验与对照菌株51株只有霍乱弧菌产生S型扩增荧光曲线,其它同源和非同源菌株均未产生S型荧光扩增曲线,设计的引物探针具有强特异性;通用霍乱弧菌实时荧光PCR试剂体系直接检测染菌样本的检测低限为103cfu/mL;对染菌样本经过夜培养增菌检测低限分别在霍乱弧菌O1群为2.1cfu/g、霍乱弧菌O139群为1.4cfu/g、霍乱弧菌非O1非O139群为3.4cfu/g;实际样本检测252例阳性检出情况与常规方法一致.实验室间验证结果同实验一致.[结论]研制的通用霍乱弧菌实时荧光PCR试剂体系具有快速、准确、实用、敏感性强的优点,值得在各检测部门推广应用.     

犬钩端螺旋体PCR检测方法的应用

采用荷兰皇家热带病研究院WHO钩体病参考中心设计的一对引物进行普通PCR检测。经反应条件与体系优化,对犬钩端螺旋体与霍乱弧菌,伤寒杆菌,沙门氏菌,产毒性大肠杆菌,致病性大肠杆菌,痢疾,溶藻菌,非O1、O139霍乱弧菌,副溶血性弧菌,O157菌进行检测,除犬钩端螺旋体以外均为阴性,表明钩端螺旋体PCR检测方法与以上菌株无交叉反应,证明了该钩端螺旋体PCR检测方法具有特异性;双链DNA灵敏度检测结果显示PCR方法可以检测到的核酸浓度最低为3×10³拷贝。此结果证明该犬钩端螺旋体PCR检测方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,可用于犬钩端螺旋体样品的检测。     

When Stress Frustrates and When It Does Not: Configural Models of Frustrated versus Mellow Salespeople

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the stress–strain relationship by examining compound causes of frustration in the workplace. Drawing on configuration theory, this article describes stress patterns, that is, configurations of role stressors and social stressors, and underlying frustration and its negation, that is, mellowness. In addition, this article describes potential sources of such frustration‐stimulating stress patterns by examining constellations of employee and task characteristics. Based on a sample of 118 salespeople, the authors analyze the data using fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis—an analytic method pertinent to describing configurational patterns of causal factors. The findings from this study indicate the coexistence of alternative patterns of stressors for frustration. In addition, the findings show that configurational patterns for frustrated salespeople are quite different from those characterizing mellow salespeople. In summary, knowledge of these constellations of stressors helps sales managers detect conditions that frustrate, and develop strategies to diminish these conditions in order to improve sales force performance.     

MNCs and International Accountability Standards Through an Institutional Lens: Evidence of Symbolic Conformity or Decoupling

The recent proliferation of International Accountability Standards (IAS) has attracted significant academic interest, but the extent of their adoption and integration by global firms remains underinvestigated. Capitalizing on institutional theory and the typology of strategic responses to institutional pressures proposed by Oliver (Acad Manage Rev 16(1):145–179, 1991), this article uses an interpretive research methodology to analyze a sample of MNC practitioners’ views regarding IAS, and derive some insights in relation to expected patterns of strategic responses to these new institutional pressures. The article also presents relevant remarks relating to the usefulness of institutional theory in the context of research relating to IAS. The findings suggest patterns of engagement combining elements of both conformity and resistance, although the answers correspond most closely to a decoupling or symbolic conformity strategic response. The findings are fleshed out and their implications delineated/assessed.     

婴幼儿食品微生物及微生物毒素调查分析

对婴幼儿食品（配方乳粉、补充谷物、饼干和罐头）分别进行微生物污染以及微生物毒素调查。调查结果表明：357份婴幼儿食品均未检出沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;11份婴幼儿配方乳粉、1份补充谷物和1份饼干食品中检出坂崎肠杆菌,检出率分别为4.2%,2.4%和2.5%;检出1份补充谷物菌落总数超过国家标准最高安全限量值。13份婴幼儿配方乳粉和3份补充谷物检出肠杆菌科细菌,检出率分别为32.5%和7.1%;14份（婴幼儿）配方乳粉、2份婴幼儿罐头检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率分别为35%和20%;1份婴幼儿配方乳粉检出黄曲霉毒素M1超标。婴幼儿食品存在微生物及其微生物毒素污染的风险,应加强对婴幼儿食品的致病微生物及其毒素的监测和监管。     

American Consumption Patterns and the Price of Time: A Time-Series Analysis

National aggregate time series data on the components of Personal Consumption Expenditures from 1955 to 1984 were used to analyze the roles played by male and female wage rates in altering American consumption patterns. Male nonmarket time was found to be a substitute for all goods and services categories except Automobiles and Parts. Female nonmarket time was found to be a net complement of Automobiles and Parts, Furniture and Household Equipment, Other Durables, Gasoline and Oil, Electricity and Natural Gas, Other Household Operations, and Transportation Services and a net substitute for all other goods and services.     

Institutionalized Resistance to Organizational Change: Denial, Inaction and Repression

An extensive theoretical and research literature on organizational change and its implementation has been accumulating over the past fifty years. It is customary in this literature to find resistance to change mentioned as an inevitable consequence of organizational change initiatives. Yet there has been little discussion of the nature and forms of resistance that is institutionalized in organizational structure and processes. Furthermore, organization development perspectives on organizational change address management-initiated change, but not change proposed by advocates for the powerless and disadvantaged. Focussing on institutionalized resistance from the standpoint of the advocate of fundamental change, this discussion proposes a typology consisting of a sequence of forms of active resistance to change, from denial through inaction to repression. The typology is illustrated by referring to responses of organizational decision makers to the efforts of employment equity change agents to address issues of systemic discrimination in the work place. The purpose of the typology is to assist change advocates, such as equality seekers, to name, analyze and think strategically about the institutionalized resistance they encounter, and about effective responses to the resistance.     

The determinants of service quality: issues for purchasing

The overall purpose of this research was to analyze internal communication patterns, service quality initiatives, supplier management strategies and internal performance in organizations providing high levels of service quality to their external customers. Data was collected from 118 purchasing executives of manufacturing and service organizations. Respondents were asked to assess external and internal service quality as well as identify a number of internal service quality-oriented activities employed in their firms. Data was summarized for respondents stating a high level of external service quality. Comparative information was also supplied for the respondents stating lower levels of external service quality.     

Trade Patterns in the Automobile Industry: Some Evidence from South Africa

In this article the authors analyze trade patterns in the South African automobile industry using disaggregated harmonized system product-level data. The significance of intraindustry trade is estimated and separated into patterns of horizontally differentiated (by variety) intraindustry trade and vertically differentiated (by quality) intraindustry trade. The results indicate the presence of significant levels of intraindustry trade in automotive trade flows between South Africa and bilateral trading partners. In accordance with theoretical expectations, the empirical investigation reveals that intraindustry trade in South Africa's automobile industry is dominated by vertical intraindustry trade. Moreover, in recent years the analysis reveals some evidence that, within vertical intraindustry trade, South Africa's automobile industry produces and exports high-quality automotive products aligned with international fragmentation-based production and trade.