东南亚区域发展与金融危机

本文从东南亚国家的发展角度探讨了其金融危机的必然性。认为始于 １９９７ 年的东南亚金融风暴并不是简单的金融信用危机,而是其经济发展模式的必然结果。经济发展过于依赖“外贸”和“外资”,为其经济发展的不稳定和爆发金融危机隐患之一;投资结构不合理,导致经济结构发展失衡,产业结构未能适时升级和转换,为其经济发展不稳定和日后爆发金融危机隐患之二;世界范围内区域经济一体化的冲击,动摇了东南亚国家经济基础,是其爆发金融危机的原因之三。     

区域财政横向均衡与改革发展新突破

认为全面深化改革仍需从财政体制上取得新突破。主张对中国经济区合纵连横,即将东、中、西"三大部"纵向区域调整为泛珠三角、泛长三角和大环渤海"三大块"横向区域,依托这一天然的均衡性区域平台在介于国家与省级之间实施区域财政横向均衡制度,以确保公共服务均等化而又不损坏财政经济增长的效率机制;并通过对常住人口统计中创造财富外溢或享有公共服务外溢等非真实因素剔除后"标准人"的假定与论证,解决了政府间财力均衡公式化分配的难题。     

我国区域间产业空间网络的构造与结构测度

随着经济发展,我国产业不断涌现新的空间特征,区域间各产业联系逐渐密集形成复杂的网络。对产业的空间分布特征进行研究,构造了产业空间网络,将其仿真成有形的拓扑结构图,诊断区域产业联系以及产业价值的空间分布。对产业网络的定义、表达、结构特征等问题提出定量研究方法,并以我国区域间产业为实证进行测度,从结构决定功能的角度,揭示产业空间网络的结构。结果显示:我国产业发展具有网络化趋势,同时该网络具有小世界性、地域集聚性以及核心—边缘的特征,各区域产业网络地位、价值网络地位以及经济地位都具有级差性。对国家和地区政府制定产业政策有一定的参考价值。     

产业结构变迁与产业政策选择——以东亚经济体为例

在系统梳理已有相关文献的基础上,提出了一个关于产业结构变迁与产业政策选择的分析框架。产业结构变迁的规律(即配第—克拉克定律)是一条客观经济规律,当政府顺应这一规律,它就能选择性地运用产业政策来干预、影响甚至主导产业结构变迁的进程和速度。在不同的经济体制和发展水平下,政府会选择不同的产业政策,进而导致四种不同类型的产业结构变迁形式。以中国大陆、港台地区及韩国等东亚经济体为例,对上述问题进行了探析。     

中国金融发展与外贸关系的面板协整检验和因果分析

基于跨省面板数据,运用面板协整理论和面板因果检验方法分析了中国金融发展与对外贸易之间的关系.多种协整检验方法一致表明,金融发展与出口贸易、金融发展与进口贸易之间都存在长期均衡稳定关系;而基于面板误差修正模型的Granger因果检验则表明金融发展与对外贸易之间同时存在长、短期双向因果关系.这意味着在金融深化改革和贸易增长方式调整的特殊历史时期,保持金融和贸易政策的有效组合具有十分重要的意义.     

中部六省旅游发展综合评价及空间结构系统构建

文章在利用AHP分析法以及嫡技术对中部六省旅游发展水平进行综合评价的基础上,认为河南省、湖北省为中部地区旅游发展的龙头,中部六省旅游发展各具特色,中部六省旅游合作的关键是构建合理的旅游空间结构系统.在进一步探讨中部六省旅游合作的空间基础后,根据中部六省的旅游经济发展水平、旅游资源状况及旅游特色,提出中部地区旅游合作空间结构系统的构建应以7个旅游中心城市为一级发展极核,以八大跨区旅游圈为基本旅游延伸面,打造黄河文化旅游带、长江旅游带等跨区域的旅游经济带,形成由点及面,层层推进的多极化、多层次、多方位的圈层结构.     

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS AND PUBLIC FUNDING

This paper presents microeconometric evidence on financing constraints for research and development activities in German small‐ and medium‐sized firms (SME). Special attention is paid to the role of public research and development (R&D) subsidies. For this purpose SMEs in West and East Germany are compared because these regions are very different in their supply of public R&D funding. The empirical evidence suggests that West German SMEs are financially constrained in their R&D activities by both internal and external resources. In East Germany, firms are not sensitive to external constraints, possibly due to high public R&D subsidies. The results show that R&D in East Germany is to a large extent driven by public subsidies and that the usual financial market mechanisms are dysfunctional with respect to R&D in this region.     

农村外出就业劳动力的结构特征与就业地区分布--对宁夏固原县的调查分析

乡村劳动力外出就业已经成为我国一个重要的社会现象。在对宁夏固原县两个乡所进行的实地调查表明，近年来外出就业劳动力规模增长迅速，外出就业对于增加农民收入、缓解当地就业压力等方面具有明显的作用。外出就业劳动力在年龄、受教育程度和所从事工作类型方面都有自己的特征，并且这些结构特征与他们就业的地区分布具有一定的相关关系。     

1990年代以来我国沿海中心城市服务业特征与趋势比较研究--以北京、上海与广州为例

伴随着工业化进程的加深,服务业发展迅猛,并逐步成为策动经济增长、影响区域和城市发展的新动力。近年来,我国沿海中心城市开始向服务主导型经济转变。文章首先介绍了服务业发展的背景、国内研究概况与研究意义;然后从服务业内部增加值构成、就业结构和基本一非基本分析等方面归纳与比较分析了我国沿海中心城市上海、北京和广州的服务业内部结构特点及其发展趋势,发现生产性服务业与社会性服务业发展迅猛,逐步成为中心城市的主导服务行业,而分配性服务业则出现较为明显的下降趋势,此外,其他服务业的快速发展表明服务业多样化趋势开始出现。同时归纳出三大中心城市的服务业结构特征为：北京市的服务业最具竞争优势,生产性和社会性服务业的地位最突出,上海市的生产性服务业发展水平较高,而广州市则以分配性服务业高度发达而著称。最后总结了中心城市服务业特征、趋势及一般规律。     

THE AGRICULTURAL TERMS OF TRADE IN BANGLADESH: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND MOVEMENTS, 1952–2006

This paper investigates the trends and movements of agricultural prices, industrial prices and the agricultural terms of trade in Bangladesh with annual data for the period 1952–2006. The ADF and KPSS tests results suggest that both agricultural and industrial prices have a unit root while the agricultural terms of trade is trend-stationary. These results remain unchanged if allowance is made in the unit root test for the possibility of a structural break during 1971–1975 (when Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan and experienced economic shocks) by applying the two-step procedure of Perron (1989 ). A simple Nerlovian agricultural price determination model is specified within the framework of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The Johansen cointegration test results for the periods 1953–2006 and 1973–2006 suggest that there exists a cointegral relationship between agricultural prices, industrial prices, per-capita real income and the real exchange rate between the Bangladeshi taka and the US dollar under the restriction that per-capita real income and the real exchange rate are 'long-run forcing variables' in the sense of Pesaran and Shin (1995 ), and Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1996 ). The paper estimates a four-variable vector error-correction (VEC) model and conducts an impulse response analysis for the post-independence period, 1973–2006.     

CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS AND THE DIVIDING LINE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND THE MARKET: AN EXAMINATION OF NHS FOUNDATION TRUST CLASSIFICATION IN THE UK

ABSTRACT: In this paper we argue that national accounting categories provide an inadequate basis for evaluating differences between public and private sector services. This is because accounting categories rely on economic concepts such as market price but do not take account of substantive public policy goals such as universality. The argument has important consequences for the structures and systems of delivery especially where nonprofit providers and social enterprise models are substituted for public bodies formerly integrated into the government's delivery system. Using an example taken from the UK's National Health Service, we show that the mechanisms for ensuring universality through redistribution are not sufficiently taken into account for classification purposes.