全渠道零售：演化、过程与实施

近年来,传统零售企业业绩持续下滑,迫使其重新思考并创新现有零售渠道模式,全渠道零售受到理论界及企业界越来越多的关注,但很少有学者对全渠道零售行为过程进行全面而深入的剖析。梳理零售渠道演化过程可以发现,全渠道零售是零售渠道从单渠道、多渠道向跨渠道发展演化的高级阶段,零售企业的零售过程可分布于不同的零售渠道类型中,且多个渠道的零售过程可以任意相互整合,最后构成消费者完整的全渠道零售购买过程。在全渠道零售中,消费者在购买过程的每个阶段都面临着多种类型的渠道选择,其排列组合非常复杂,以消费者为中心的全渠道零售的实施可以更好地契合新的消费行为,为消费者带来更高的体验价值。为更好地实施全渠道零售,全渠道零售企业可基于全渠道零售过程的各个阶段,从全渠道信息传递、全渠道订单管理、全渠道支付、全渠道物流配送、全渠道服务以及全渠道数字客户关系管理等方面入手加以改进和完善。     

上游管制、行业间谈判势力与企业研发创新

本文立足于中国目前"上游行业行政管制,下游行业市场竞争"的现实背景,构建了上游管制行业的谈判势力指标。在此基础上,利用1998—2007年的企业研发数据考察了其对企业研发创新的影响。研究结果表明:上游管制行业的谈判势力在1998—2003年的显著下降促进了企业的研发创新,而在2003年国资委成立之后发生扭转并逐年强化,抑制了企业的研发创新;进一步的异质性检验表明,近年来上游管制行业的谈判势力增强对企业研发创新的负面效应,主要集中在高生产率企业、内资企业以及高技术行业。因此,为更好地实施创新型驱动战略,发挥研发创新在经济增长中的带动作用,深化上游管制行业的市场化改革,降低其在中间投入品市场中的谈判势力是关键。     

关于我国零售行业过度竞争的分析

低效的过度竞争在我国零售行业主要表现在 :零售网点的数量剧增 ;网点分布过分集中 ,出现“挤独木桥”现象。本文对上述两个方面进行了分析 ,并强调说明网点分布的不合理将导致社会资源不能优化配置。最后指出政府有必要在这方面采取措施 ,以改善这种状况。     

跨渠道零售整合策略研究

随着网络技术及电子商务的迅速发展,结合了实体门店、电子商务和移动商务的跨渠道零售方式已经成为全球零售业发展趋势。跨渠道零售能够为零售商带来新的市场机会、提高顾客忠诚度、进而创造竞争优势。跨渠道零售可以分为营销手段、网络分销、新业务、数据整合等四种运营模式,零售商可以从订单响应、商品结构、渠道利益分享等方面实施渠道整合策略。     

青岛市医药零售行业竞争结构分析及对策探讨

我国医药零售行业的市场竞争日趋激烈 ,加入WTO ,国有医药零售企业会遇到更大的挑战。以山东省最大的国有医药零售企业———青岛国风大药房连锁有限公司为例 ,分析目前医药零售业的现状 ,并提出应对之策。     

竞争结构、市场势力与国际粮食市场定价权——基于国际大豆市场的分析

中国是否具有国际粮食市场定价权直接影响着中国利用国际市场及资源保障国家粮食安全的成本与风险。本文利用2013—2018年国际大豆市场月度数据,从贸易结构和市场势力视角分析国际大豆市场竞争格局,测度大豆主要出口国的市场势力指数,进而研究国际粮食市场定价权的决定机制。研究结果表明:国际大豆市场贸易格局发生了显著变化,中国进口"大国"地位、巴西出口"大国"地位不断增强;主要大豆出口国的市场势力指数都比较显著,但中国自身需求仍是提升巴西、阿根廷大豆出口价格的主要因素;尽管中国和巴西分别是国际大豆贸易中最大的进口国和出口国,但中国、巴西和阿根廷对国际粮食市场定价权的影响均较弱,美国在国际大豆市场定价权中依然具有较强的话语权。     

大型零售渠道的现状分析与发展研究

随着2004年底中国零售市场的开放,零售市场上的竞争愈加激烈,特别是家乐福等外资大卖场的大举进入,不同企业之间的市场份额将在新一轮的兼并重组、渠道争夺中重新改写。以零售业相对发达的上海大卖场为例,探讨竞争激烈的大城市大型零售渠道的未来发展方向。     

零售商主导商品物流渠道控制权的经济学分析

近年来,新的零售业态不断涌现,连锁经营方式全面推广,物流效率的大大改善导致大型零售商崛起,大体呈现出一种"由制造业控制渠道、双方均势到商业控制渠道的演化轨迹",这种演化究其原因,是社会分工的发展和物流渠道不断深化。     

市场结构优化及黑龙江省零售业提高竞争力探析

市场结构是决定市场行为和市场绩效的基础,而市场行为又是决定市场绩效的前提条件,市场绩效受市场结构和市场行为的共同制约。黑龙江省零售业存在着市场集中度低、产品差异性小、业态分布不合理等诸多市场结构问题,严重影响了零售企业的竞争力,制约了零售业的健康持续发展。应采取培育大型零售企业集团、调整网点结构、找准市场定位、实行差别化经营等措施,推进和引导市场结构优化,大力增强零售业市场竞争力。     

Buyer Power and its Impact on Competition in the Food Retail Distribution Sector of the European Union

In recent years, there has been significant consolidation and concentration in food retail distribution in the European Union, as our paper documents. We examine the implications of this from the social welfare viewpoint. Our focus is on buyer power, since a commonly held view is that, arising from increased concentration, it may be a buffer to significant manufacturer power. We investigate the issue both theoretically and through data and case study work. We suggest the market will develop into a concentrated pattern across Europe, but that the eventual impact on consumers will depend significantly on the nature and form of competition between large retail chains and how well buying groups ensure that even the smaller retailers can compete on an effective basis.     

城市零售流通系统的空间竞争结构及其变化--以日本为例

本文以日本为例,对城市零售流通系统的空间竞争结构及其变化问题进行了较为深入的研究。研究的初步结论是:城市零售流通系统的空间结构会随着城市的发展而不断发生变化,城市发展阶段不同,城市零售流通系统的空间结构也不同;大城市首先发生零售流通系统规模结构的变化,进而波及到地方城市或中小城市;随着城市的发展,城市零售流通系统出现了许多相互区隔、相互竞争的零售市场空间;零售商业集聚的竞争优势会不断发生变化,一些新的零售商业集聚区也会不断出现。     

The Role of Retail Competition,Demographics and Account Retail Strategy as Drivers of Promotional Sensitivity

We study the determinants of sensitivity to the promotional activities of temporary price reductions, displays, and feature advertisements. Both the theoretical and empirical literatures on price promotions suggest that retailer competition and the demographic composition of the shopping population should be linked to response to temporary price cuts. However, datasets that span different market areas have not been used to study the role of retail competition in determining price sensitivity. Moreover, little is known about the determinants of display and feature response. Very little attention has been focused on retailer strategic decisions such as price format (EDLP vs. Hi-Lo) or size of stores. We assemble a unique dataset with all U.S. markets and all major retail grocery chains represented in order to investigate the role of retail competition, account retail strategy, and demographics in determining promotional response. Previous work has not simultaneously modeled response to price, display, and feature promotions, which we do in a Bayesian Hierarchical model. We also allow for retailers in the same market to have correlated sales response equations through a variance component specification. Our results indicate that retail strategic variables such as price format are the most important determinants of promotional response, followed by demographic variables. Surprisingly, we find that variables measuring the extent of retail competition are not important in explaining promotional response.     

渠道权力结构的过度倾斜与权力失效——基于农产品营销渠道的研究

本文通过对中国农产品营销渠道的考察,发现了渠道权力结构的过度倾斜与权力的失效问题。作者认为,在渠道权力结构理论背后存在着一个隐含命题,即渠道关系双方的规模与实力应当是对等的,或者二者之间的反差在一个合理的区间内。在渠道关系中,如果一方是为数众多、分散且规模弱小的成员,而另一方是规模巨大、实力较强的成员时,就会出现权力结构的过度倾斜,而当渠道中权力弱势地位一方采取一致性的“反抗”行为时,权力优势成员的权力就会失效。     

Retail Micro-Marketing Strategies and Competition

The goal of this paper is to open the debate about the effect of customer specific retail marketing on competition. Segmentation and targeting based on loyalty card information affects horizontal and vertical relationships. Few retailers can take advantage of the power connected to the ownership of customer information. Consumers benefit from a more targeted approach to value creation but the distribution of such value varies widely, as a consequence of micro-targeting. A second goal is to test a new way of conducting joint research with practitioners. An online community was set up for the discussion of micro-marketing related issues. Online, the authors have been able to test the hypothesis and deliver the survey questionnaire to participating retailers who, in turn, can access results through the community website: www.partnership4loyalty.com.     

Retail corporate groups: Challenges of omnichannel management in Japan

Abstract

The omnichannel varies across countries due to different retail environments and retailers’ growth strategies. The Japanese big retailers’ omnichannel can be characterized by having multiple retail formats, such as department stores, general merchandise stores, convenience stores, specialty stores, Internet stores, and so on. They have grown by multiplying retail formats to appeal to different customer segments, and they have unique challenges in managing an omnichannel with many retail formats. These are (1) extremely wide variety of merchandise, (2) enormous quantity of data from transaction, inventory, logistics, and customers, (3) different organization structures and management, and (4) unique organizational capabilities in each retail format. From these challenges, we could propose further research issues as follows: (1) theoretical consideration of boundary-spanning functions among retail formats, (2) international comparative analysis reflecting the different conditions in each country, and (3) clarifying the characteristics of the omnichannel shopper in the Japanese omnichannel environment.     

A Simulation Model Of Multi‐Echelon Retail Inventory With Cross‐Channel Product Returns

This study explores the relationship between a retailer's product returns processing structure and Multi‐Echelon inventory system performance under cross‐channel and same‐channel product returns policies with nonstationary demand. Our research contributes to the growing body of reverse logistics literature, offering insight into how a retailer's logistical returns management strategy can impact inventory effectiveness in cross‐channel retail environments. Adopting a contingency framework, we develop research hypotheses which we test through experimentation on a Multi‐Echelon retail inventory system within a discrete‐event simulation. Model parameters are derived from data collected from a large U.S. retailer of consumer durable and nondurable goods. We find an amplifying effect of a cross‐channel returns policy on the positive relationship between a decentralized returns processing structure and inventory effectiveness. Further, through our analysis of nonstationarity in demand and resulting returns, we uncover strong main and interaction effects that seasonal demand variation can have on inventory outcomes, even under only moderate levels of seasonality. Our results highlight the need for firms to align logistical structures for returns processing with the returns policy and the external environment, while also lending credence to calls within the logistics literature for improved modeling of nonstationary demand in inventory management research.     

零售营销策略组合及零售业态多样化

现代零售业的一个种重要特征就是业态的多样化,各种新业态层出不穷.而不同业态的主要区别,在于其营销策略的组合方式.本文在总结前人关于零售业态演变理论的基础上,提出消费者偏好理论,指出消费者对零售服务需求的差异性,决定了零售经营形态的多样性,而消费者需求偏好的改变,导致了零售经营形式的改变,推动了零售业态的演化和发展.